Biologie Aujourd''hui最新文献

{"title":"[The genus Penicillium: Ecology, secondary metabolites and biotechnological applications].","authors":"Dounya Achwak Chemmam, Ghania Bourzama, Mabrouk Chemmam","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article presents an in-depth characterization of the genus Penicillium, a major group of filamentous fungal species known for their biological diversity and ecological impact. Methods for the identification of the various Penicillium species combine macroscopic, microscopic and molecular approaches, as well as phylogenetic analysis. In a first part, the ecology of the Penicillium species, their distribution in various habitats and their key role in ecosystems are presented. Particular emphasis is then placed on Penicillium's ability to produce secondary metabolites with a wide variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-microbial molecules, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-viral compounds. Because these metabolites are of major interest in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, further research and development based on the yet untapped therapeutical and economical potential of this fungal genus should be promoted.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"69-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assemblée Générale du mardi 18 mars 2025.","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Popular myths vs. physiological realities: The rehabilitation of lactate].","authors":"Thomas Hobbs, Myriam Dargaud, Yann S Gallot, Olivier Biondi, Alexandra Malgoyre, Claire Thomas","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025010","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2025010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactate, long relegated to the status of a mere metabolic waste product, is now recognized as a central metabolite in energy metabolism, a recyclable substrate, and a cellular signaling mediator. Its production, primarily by glycolytic muscle fibers, allows for the regeneration of cytosolic NAD⁺ necessary for the continuation of glycolysis during high-intensity exercises. Its export via MCT4 lactate/proton transporters and its uptake by other tissues, especially oxidative muscle fibers via MCT1 transporters, underscore its role as a metabolic intermediate rather than a waste product. Its co-transport with protons across the sarcolemmal membrane contributes to intracellular pH regulation. Furthermore, lactate plays a role in regulating oxidative energy metabolism adaptations, by activating the mitochondrial biogenesis cofactor PGC-1α and modulating the expression of mitochondrial markers. Additionally, by binding to the G protein-coupled receptor GPR81, lactate may modulate key signaling pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt-mTOR, which are involved in muscle hypertrophy, insulin sensitivity, and lipid regulation. In doing so, it links its metabolic functions to major adaptive processes triggered by physical exercise. However, this functional role still requires further elucidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 3-4","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Oxytocin versus dopamine: The delicate balance between social bonding and addiction].","authors":"Virginie Rappeneau, Fernando Castillo Díaz","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025012","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2025012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social behaviour is fundamental to survival and adaptation, relying on complex, interacting neurobiological systems in which the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) and the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) play pivotal roles in regulating social bonding, motivation, and reward processing. This review synthesises recent advances in understanding the bidirectional interactions between OT and DA within key nodes of the brain's reward circuitry, including the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex. We examine how these interactions support a wide range of social behaviours in humans and animals, from reproductive bonds such as pair bonding and parental care to non-reproductive interactions like social exploration, cooperation, and aggression. A central focus is the disruptive impact of psychostimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines) on OT-DA balance in rodents. These substances alter DA signalling, shifting reward valuation and reducing the prioritisation of natural social rewards while increasing the drive for psychostimulant-seeking behaviour. This imbalance impairs social motivation and bonding. Importantly, positive social interactions can serve as competing natural rewards that prevent, and in some cases reverse, psychostimulant-seeking behaviours, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting OT-DA pathways. By integrating findings from animal models and human studies, this review proposes a framework for understanding how the brain arbitrates between social and pharmacological rewards, and how this balance is modulated by internal states, environmental factors, and the pathological effects of addictive substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 3-4","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reinforcing the mind-muscle connection: Mental Imagery as a tool for strength enhancement in athletes].","authors":"Franck Di Rienzo","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025011","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2025011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor imagery (MI), the mental representation of an action without intention to physical execution, activates neural networks largely overlapping with those involved in actual motor performance. While MI has long been used as an adjunct to physical training, its potential to induce corticomotor plasticity and optimize elite performance remains insufficiently understood. Bridging fundamental neuroscience and applied sport science, we investigated how MI reshapes perception-action coupling and supports force enhancement, inter-skill transfer, and neuromuscular efficiency in high-level athletes. Our findings demonstrate that MI can induce measurable cortico-muscular connectivity changes, prime the central nervous system, and improve force production when integrated into resistance training. In field-based studies with elite CrossFit athletes, MI enhanced power performance and enabled performance gains to transfer across distinct yet biomechanically related tasks. Furthermore, we show that MI's effects are magnified when applied concomitantly with physical practice or when combined with non-invasive peripheral stimulation techniques (e.g. tendon vibration, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation). We propose MI as an active endogenous neuromodulation strategy, moving beyond its classical role as a cognitive training tool. By integrating MI with multimodal interventions, we aim to develop new neuromotor reprogramming paradigms prompting corticomotor remapping to facilitate elite sports performance and neurorehabilitation. Our approach positions MI at the crossroads of motor control, applied neurophysiology, and sports science to delineate original perspectives regarding how perception-action networks adapt to achieve elite performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 3-4","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sleep and neurodevelopment: a timely subject].","authors":"Christophe Langelet, Carmen M Schröder","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025006","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2025006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by an alteration of neurodevelopmental processes leading to a significant impact on the individual's personal, social, and/or academic functioning. Among the many comorbidities frequently associated with NDDs, sleep disturbances play a major role, affecting between 30% and 80% of concerned people. This article explores the various links between sleep and NDDs through a review of the scientific literature highlighting the most recent research in this area, with a particular focus on two neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep is an essential physiological process regulated by homeostatic and circadian mechanisms, playing a crucial role in brain maturation. In children with ASD, a decrease in the activity of enzymes responsible for melatonin synthesis has been identified, leading to a melatonin production and secretion deficiency that is associated with sleep-wake cycle disturbances. As a result, autistic people suffer from sleep-onset insomnia, sleep-maintenance insomnia with particularly long nocturnal awakenings, and reduced total sleep duration. In ADHD, on the other hand, the most commonly observed sleep disorders include delayed sleep phase syndrome and restless legs syndrome, both responsible for sleep-onset insomnia. Due to its essential role in memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and attention, sleep directly influences an individual's cognitive and behavioral development. Thus, sleep disorders in children with ADHD exacerbate inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, while in children with ASD, they amplify emotional regulation difficulties and behavioral disturbances. Identifying sleep disorders for their management in patients with NDDs is essential to improving their quality of life and reducing the severity of their daytime symptoms. Therapeutic interventions, whether behavioral or pharmacological - particularly melatonin administration - have shown significant efficacy. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach can optimize patient care and enhance their social and cognitive adaptation. A better understanding of the interactions between sleep disorders and NDDs thus opens new avenues for improving strategies in the management of individuals with NDDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Circadian health at the crossroads of physiology and behavior].","authors":"Julien Coelho, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, Vincent P Martin, Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy, Patrice Bourgin, Pierre Philip, Jacques Taillard","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025005","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2025005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are major determinants of physical and mental health and sleep at the crossroads of physiology and behavior. Circadian physiology is traditionally described according to three main dimensions: circadian phase, amplitude, and stability. Nycthemeral behaviors are typically characterized by two primary dimensions: nycthemeral timing and regularity. Circadian-related sleep complaints arise from a circadian disruption between circadian physiology and nycthemeral behaviors and represent a potential sixth clinical dimension. Based on scientific knowledge, this article defines each of these dimensions, explores their main determinants (genetics, age and sex, external factors), and presents objective (melatonin, temperature, actimetry) and subjective (sleep diaries, self-report questionnaires) measurement tools. The interactions between these six dimensions are discussed, along with their impact on sleep and health (mental, cardiovascular, metabolic, immune health), and on physical and cognitive performance. Finally, a definition of circadian health is proposed, as well as strategies for its promotion (light exposure, physical activity, melatonin), offering new opportunities for improving public health in both general and clinical populations. Promoting circadian health should take into account all external factors (individual, social, societal, environmental) to be effective and contribute to reducing health inequalities. In the future, developing a unique tool to measure circadian health could enhance its characterization and management in both general and clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Orally active brain aminopeptidase A inhibitors on heart failure after myocardial infarction: Their development up to phase II clinical trials].","authors":"Solène E Boitard, Catherine Llorens-Cortes","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025004","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2025004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology of heart failure after myocardial infarction involves, as arterial hypertension, hyperactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic overactivation. Among the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin III (AngIII) similarly activate type 1 angiotensin receptors, thereby increasing blood pressure and inducing cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Since AngII is converted in vivo into AngIII, the nature of the effector peptide remained to be clarified. We identified the enzymes involved in the metabolism of brain angiotensins and developed specific and selective inhibitors. These studies revealed the key role of brain AngIII in blood pressure regulation and cardiac function, highlighting brain aminopeptidase A, the enzyme responsible for brain AngIII formation, as a potential therapeutic target for treating arterial hypertension and myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. This led to the development of two, orally active, centrally acting, aminopeptidase A inhibitors, firibastat and QGC606, which were tested in various experimental models of arterial hypertension and heart failure, and demonstrated therapeutic potentialities up to phase 2 clinical trials in patients after myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A physicist amongst the biologists: Arsène d'Arsonval (1851-1940)].","authors":"André Calas","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This short review relates the key events in the life of Arsène d'Arsonval (1851-1940) who, after training as a physician, started his professional cursus as Claude Bernard's assistant at the Collège de France, to sucessfully reach in 1894 the head position of the Department of Experimental Medicine, after Brown-Sequard, who succeeded the Master Bernard. With this chair position, Arsène d'Arsonval had the opportunity to lead the Biological Physics laboratory built for him in the Collège's annex at Nogent-sur-Marne, a key function that he proceeded with until his retirement in 1930. Elected to the Académie de Médecine and then to the Académie des Sciences, and promoted to the prestigious Grand-Croix de la Légion d'Honneur, d'Arsonval presided over the Société de Biologie from 1928 to 1933, despite having a scientific profile more related to physics than biology. His work was as multifaceted as it was abundant (800 publications), and ranged from opotherapy, which laid the foundations of endocrinology, to air liquefaction. But his major contributions concerned electricity, its applications to telephony, and above all its relationship with the living organism. He notably contributed to important studies on bio-electrogenesis, but even more so on the biological and therapeutic effects of sinusoidal currents (d'Arsonvalisation). Recognized as an \"official scientist\" of the 3rd Republic, d'Arsonval died at the start of his third French-German war in his native Limousin village, where his memory is faithfully perpetuated.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antigens (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: Current therapeutics].","authors":"Loïc Guillevin","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2024001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2024001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ANCA-associated vasculitis brings together three diseases, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. This group of diseases has benefited over the last 3 decades from major therapeutic advances both in terms of therapeutic strategies and availability of new drugs, mainly for targeted therapies. Treatments, whether conventional or not, include an induction phase followed by a maintenance phase. Induction treatment today poses few problems. It is essentially based on the combination of corticosteroids and rituximab or cyclophosphamide. Remission is achieved in less than 6 months and maintenance treatment, preventing relapses, is then started. We showed that the best maintenance treatment was rituximab, surpassing the efficacy of methotrexate or azathioprine. During this phase, corticosteroid therapy is stopped or given at a very small dose. In Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GEPA), the strategy is slightly different and there is a lack of prospective trials to demonstrate the benefits of rituximab or mepolizumab (anti-IL5) in inducing remission. Regarding maintenance treatment, prolonged corticosteroid therapy (orally and/or inhaled) is often necessary to control asthmatic disease. Only mepolizumab has shown its ability to prevent relapses and reduce the dose of corticosteroids controlling asthma. The current questions posed by maintenance treatment are its duration which could be variable and adapted to the risk of relapse and the risks induced by prolonged immunosuppression, particularly infectious.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"218 1-2","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}