[Improve athletes' performance with neurofeedback].

In order to optimise their performance, athletes are looking for innovative, efficient and reliable training approaches. The development of electroencephalography and neurofeedback (NF) offers the opportunity to create innovative cognitive training procedures. Indeed, these technologies allow athletes to benefit from a feedback during mental training sessions and to objectively assess performance and progress. In addition, NF makes it possible to guide the athletes towards optimal cognitive strategies according to their objectives, and has a motivational dimension that pushes them to engage in the sessions. We first introduce the usefulness of NF to improve sports performance. Then, we review the current results concerning its efficiency. Finally, we provide an overview of the literature showing the heterogeneity of the studies published on the subject, focusing mainly on the aspects that could explain the variability of reported data.