中国血吸虫病防治杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of cross-county imported dengue fever cases within Yunnan Province in 2023].","authors":"Y Tang, H Zhou, C Wu, C Wei, X Zhao, X Wang, X Guo, J Jiang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024258","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cross-county imported dengue fever cases within Yunnan province in 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of preventive and control measures for intra-provincial spread of dengue fever.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All data pertaining cross-county imported dengue fever cases within Yunnan Province in 2023 were collected, and the temporal, regional and population distributions of the cases were descriptively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1 664 intra-provincial cross-county imported dengue fever cases were reported in 95 counties (cities, districts) cross 16 profectures (cities) in Yunnan Province in 2023, accounting for 12.34% of total cases in the province. Cross-county imported dengue fever cases were predominantly reported during the period between August and October (1 516 cases, 91.11% of total cases), and peaked in September (659 cases), with a single-day peak on October 8 (36 cases). During the period from September 4 to 10, five counties (cities) with local dengue fever epidemics, including Jinghong City of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County of Lincang City, Ruili City of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla Coun ty of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and Zhenkang County of Lincang City, exported 165 cross-county imported dengue fever cases to the rest of the province. Among the 1 644 intra-provincial cross-county imported dengue fever cases, the male to female ratio was 1.40∶1.00, and 1 329 cases were at ages of 15 to 55 years (79.87%), with farmers as the predominant occupation (886 cases, 53.25%). The top 5 counties (cities/districts) reporting the highest number of intra-provincial cross-county imported dengue fever cases included Simao District (266 cases) and Lancang Lahu Autonomous County (118 cases) of Pu'er City, Mengla County (91 cases) and Menghai County (91 cases) of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and Mangshi City (73 cases) of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, which accounting for 38.40% of total imported cases. These intra-provincial cross-county imported dengue fever cases originated from 7 counties (cities/districts) in 4 prefectures (cities), including 1 261 cases (76.70%) from Jinghong City of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, 224 cases (13.63%) from Ruili City of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, 103 cases (6.27%) from Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County of Lincang City, 31 cases (1.89%) from Mengla County of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, 30 cases (1.82%) from Zhenkang County of Lincang City, 10 cases (0.61%) from Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County of Lincang City, and 5 cases (0.30%) from Mohan-Boten Economic Cooperation Zone of Kunming City. In addition, local dengue fever epidemics following intra-provincial cross-county importation of dengue fevers cases in Simao District, Jinggu Dai and Yi","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"524-529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress of research on the potential impacts of extreme climates on the distribution of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i>].","authors":"Y Peng, J Xue, Y Li, L Zhang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequent extreme climatic events post multifaceted impacts on the distribution of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i>, the intermediate host of <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> in the context of global climate change. This article systematically reviews the effects of four types of extreme climatic events, including floods, droughts, heat waves, and cold waves, on the survival, reproduction, and distribution of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i>. Floods may expand suitable snail habitats, and increase both emerging and re-emerging snail habitats; however, the impact of floods on <i>O. hupensis</i> density is characterized by a lag effect of a decline followed by a rise. Droughts may cause fragmentation of suitable <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats, reduced <i>O. hupensis</i> snail egg production rates, and increased <i>O. hupensis</i> snail mortality, and heat waves may cause an increase in <i>O. hupensis</i> snail mortality, a reduction in numbers of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail populations and shrinking of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail distribution, while cold waves may cause a reduction in <i>O. hupensis</i> snail density and a rise in <i>O. hupensis</i> snail mortality. Extreme climate events pose both shortand long-term effects on the distribution of <i>O. hupensis</i>. Intensified surveillance of <i>O. hupensis</i> snails is required in high-risk environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"38 1","pages":"96-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Skin flora, odor and malaria transmission].","authors":"X Song, J Wang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025048","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria, which is transmitted primarily by bites of female <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes, is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Host body odor is a key factor to attract <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes. Upon <i>Plasmodium</i> infection, host body odors change, leading to increased attractiveness to female <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain clear. A recent study reported remarkable changes of skin flora and volatile substances in mice following <i>Plasmodium</i> infections, and ethylbenzene was found to increase host attractiveness to mosquitoes, which provides new insights into development of novel malaria control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"344-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Global epidemiology and control strategies of Chikungunya virus: a review].","authors":"H Rong, Y Ding, S Ning, Y Ge, L Cui","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is primarily transmitted by <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, has recently rapidly spread across the world, which poses a huge threat to public health. Chikungunya fever (CHIKF), caused by CHIKV infection, typically manifests as acute febrile illness with severe polyarthralgia that may persist for months to years. A few severe CHIKF cases may be accompanied by serious neurological complications, even resulting in death. The accelerating global expansion of CHIKV is closely associated with genetic variations of the virus, and mutated genes in CHIKV may augment the virus adaptability to <i>Aedes</i> vectors and transmission efficiency. Currently, the diagnosis of the CHIKV infection primarily relies on molecular and serological assays; however, there are still multiple challenges for early and differential diagnosis of CHIKV infections due to co-infections with arboviruses and nonspecific early symptoms. The first prophylactic vaccine for CHIKF has been recently approved in the United States; however, the large-scale application still awaits further validations. More importantly, there are no licensed antiviral therapies against CHIKV until now. This review describes the structure and pathogenesis of CHIKV, summarizes the latest epidemiology and advances in the diagnosis of CHIKV infections, and depicts the current status and prospects of antiviral agents and vaccine development, so as to inform evidence-based prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"455-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tips for schistosomiasis prevention and control during the flood season].","authors":"C Cao, L Chen","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025028","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flood disasters frequently occur in schistosomiasis-endemic regions of China during the flood season, which causes a high risk of schistosomiasis transmission. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to control schistosomiasis transmission during the flood season. Based on field schistosomiasis control needs, this article proposes scientifical and operational countermeasures during three phases of pre-flood preparation, response to flood disasters, and post-flood management, and emphasizes multi-faceted interventions as responses to the risk of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> spread and schistosomiasis transmission caused by flood disasters, including information collection, risk assessment, material reserve, health education, <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> control, cercariae elimination, personal protection, and preventive treatment, so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis prevention and control during the flood season.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"542-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> infections in wild rodents in key areas during the elimination phase].","authors":"C Lü, X Xu, J Li, T Feng, H Zhu, Y Li, L Xu, Z Feng, H Jiang, X Zou, W Wei, Z Qin, Y Hong, S Zhang, J Xu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025057","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the prevalence of &lt;i&gt;Schistosoma japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granulomas, and &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infection was defined as detection of &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 3.503, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.337, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 51.901, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.815, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.365). &lt;i&gt;Rattus norvegicus&lt;/i&gt; was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of &lt;i&gt;S. japonicum&lt;/i&gt; infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.098, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.964, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.326). Of 237","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"475-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024].","authors":"J Wan, C Niu, W Liu, L Lin, F Yang, Z Lü, Z Zhang, T Feng, J Lu, D Kong","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025059","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of the preventive and control measures for dengue fever.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The epidemiological data of dengue cases reported in Shenzhen City in 2024 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and field epidemiological survey data of dengue fever in Shenzhen City, and the temporal, regional and population distributions of dengue fever cases, source of acquire dengue virus infections, disease diagnosis and treatment and outbreaks were analyzed. The dengue virus nucleic acid was tested and the serotypes of dengue virus were characterized using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the dengue virus gene was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the surveillance on the density of &lt;i&gt;Aedes albopictus&lt;/i&gt; was performed using Breteau index (BI) and mosquito oviposition index (MOI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 1 735 dengue fever cases were reported in Shenzhen City in 2024, including 952 local cases and 783 imported cases. Most imported dengue fever cases acquired infections from eight cities of Foshan, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Zhaoqing, Huizhou, and Zhuhai in the Pearl River Delta region (664 cases, 84.8% of total imported cases) into Baoan, Longgang, and Nanshan districts. The epidemic exhibited an early onset and rapid progression, peaking during the period between September and November (1 632 cases, 94.1% of total cases), and dengue fever cases were distributed across 73 subdistricts in 10 districts, with most cases reported in densely populated central and western regions. The dengue fever cases had a male-to-female ratio of 1.9∶1.0, and a median age of 37 (21) years, with a higher median age among local cases than among imported cases [40 (20) years vs. 33(15) years; &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt; = -10.30, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05]. Housework, unemployment, workers, and business service were predominant occupations (1 405 cases, 81.0% of total cases), and there was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of occupations between local and imported cases (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 92.30, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Among the 1 735 dengue fever cases, the median duration from onset to definitive diagnosis was 3.3 (2.9) days, and 1 686 cases (97.2%) were identified in healthcare facilities, with a low rate of hospitalization and isolation seen in 1 701 inpatients with available epidemiological data (485 cases, 28.5% of total inpatients). A total of 29 outbreaks of dengue fever occurred in Shenzhen City across 2024, which primarily in construction sites (27 outbreaks, 93.1% of total). Dengue virus type I was the dominant serotype causing dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024. Sequencing showed that the genomes of dengue virus from multiple dengue fever cases in Shenzhen City shared a high se","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"517-523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiology and management of echinococcosis in China and Mongolia and the risk of cross-border transmission].","authors":"J Liu, Q Danzeng, X Mo, Y Miao, X Su, W Hu, T Zhang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025006","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, echinococcosis is highly prevalent in both China and Mongolia, and the risk of cross-border echinococcosis transmission raises growing concerns. This article describes the epidemiology of echinococcosis in China and Mongolia, compares echinococcosis control measures between the countries, and discusses the potential risk of cross-border echinococcosis transmission due to human and animal mobility, transboundary movement of animal hosts, and disparities in control capacity between the two countries. In addition, the article proposes the promising cooperation areas for joint prevention and control of echinococcosis between the two countries, including the joint development of guidelines and standards, technical and financial assistance, and cross-border pathogen monitoring and tracing, so as to provide insights into cross-boundary health cooperation between China and Mongolia, effective management of echinococcosis transmission, and improvements in the regional public health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"337-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Regulation of natural killer cell subtypes and functions by programmed cell death protein 1 and its receptor at the maternal-fetal interface in mice infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> during the second trimester].","authors":"J Sun, Q Bai, X Chen, J Lü, S He, L Tang, D Liao, D Liu, X Fu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the regulatory role of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling on the subtypes and functions of natural killer (NK) cells at the maternal-fetal interface during the second trimester in mice following &lt;i&gt;Toxoplasma gondii&lt;/i&gt; infection during the first trimester.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twelve 6- to 8-week-old female mice of the C57BL/6J strain were divided into a control group and an infection group, of 6 mice in each group. On the 6.5th day of pregnancy (Gd6.5), each pregnant mouse in the infection group was intraperitoneally injected with 150 tachyzoites of the &lt;i&gt;Toxoplasma gondii&lt;/i&gt; PRU strain, while mice in the control group were injected with an equal volume of physiological saline. On the 12.5th day of pregnancy (Gd12.5), uterus and placenta tissues were sampled from pregnant mice for pathological observations, and the mRNA expression levels of &lt;i&gt;PD-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PD-L1&lt;/i&gt;, and tumor necrosis factor-α (&lt;i&gt;TNF&lt;/i&gt;-α) were quantified in uterus and placenta tissues. The PD-1 and DX5 expression was measured on NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface using flow cytometry. In addition, the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; JEG-3 trophoblast cells and NK-92MI cells co-culture system was established as the control group, and the addition of &lt;i&gt;T. gondii&lt;/i&gt; tachyzoites in the co-culture system served as the infection group. The &lt;i&gt;PD-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PD-L1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;DX5 mRNA&lt;/i&gt; expression was quantified in cells using real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the TNF-α concentration was measured in the cell culture supernatant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;On Gd12.5, clear and intact cellular structures of placental decidual tissues were seen in pregnant mice in the control group, with no remarkable abnormal changes found in the uterine columnar epithelial cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration and blood stasis at varying degrees were found in uterine and placental tissues from pregnant mice in the infection group. The relative &lt;i&gt;PD-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PD-L1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TNF&lt;/i&gt;-α &lt;i&gt;mRNA&lt;/i&gt; expression was (1.004 ± 0.004), (1.001 ± 0.001), and (1.001 ± 0.001) in uterine tissues from pregnant mice in the control group and (2.480 ± 0.720), (3.355 ± 0.920), and (2.391 ± 0.073) in the infection group, respectively. The relative &lt;i&gt;PD-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PD-L1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TNF&lt;/i&gt;-α &lt;i&gt;mRNA&lt;/i&gt; expression was (1.007 ± 0.010), (1.006 ± 0.006), and (1.001 ± 0.001) in the uterine tissues in the control group and (6.948 ± 1.918), (3.225 ± 1.034), and (1.536 ± 0.150) in the infection group, respectively. The relative &lt;i&gt;PD-1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PD-L1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TNF&lt;/i&gt;-α &lt;i&gt;mRNA&lt;/i&gt; expression was higher in both the uterine (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; = 3.55, 4.43 and 33.02, all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.05) and placental tissues (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; = 5.36, 3.72 and 6.18, all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.05) in the infection group t","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in the mechanisms underlying the contributions of thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box to pathogen infections: a review].","authors":"Y Wang, T Ying, J Wu, Y Hong, H Guo, M Wang, Z Yang, S Wang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025011","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX), a member of the high mobility group protein super-family, plays an important role in T cell development, functional maintenance, and exhaustion. It has been recently found that TOX exerts critical immunoregulatory functions during pathogen infections, and TOX expression is strongly associated with the intensity and tolerance of host immune responses. This review systematically summarizes the structural and functional features of TOX and focuses on its expression dynamics, mechanisms of action, and immunomodulatory effects during viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, which provides a theoretical support to better understanding of the role of TOX in infectious diseases and provides new insights into development of potential immunotherapeutic strategies targeting TOX.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"561-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}