Jian Yin , Danfeng Li , Chen Yang , Hu Zhang , Ruiyao Wu , Rutong Yang , Anjie Liu , Feng Yu , Jiao Yin , Hui Zhu
{"title":"Scalable hard carbon production for sodium-ion batteries: Integrated precursor selection, thermochemical conversion, and tandem processing","authors":"Jian Yin , Danfeng Li , Chen Yang , Hu Zhang , Ruiyao Wu , Rutong Yang , Anjie Liu , Feng Yu , Jiao Yin , Hui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-ion battery has been widely regarded as a cost effective and scalable solution for short/medium-term energy storage, where hard carbon anode serves as a crucial role in determining the energy density and charging rate of full-cell device. To date, most studies have focused on the synthesis strategies and performance of hard carbons at laboratory scale, while few reports address the industrial production processes from the perspective of thermochemical transformation and carbon structure evolution. Herein, we evaluate research and development strategies of hard carbons from the viewpoint of processing operation and industrial production, mainly including precursor selection, pretreatment, carbonization, and post treatment. Notably, thermochemical transformation and engineering are highlighted as a key part to tailor carbon skeleton for Na-ion storage. Finally, challenges in large-scale production and future research directions are outlined for hard carbon enhancement and Na-ion full-cell development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Wang , Zicheng Wu , Jason Jyi Sheuan Ten, Jiazhao Huang, Mui Ling Sharon Nai
{"title":"Towards intelligent defect detection in metal powder bed fusion: A review of in situ monitoring, data pre-processing, and machine learning","authors":"Pan Wang , Zicheng Wu , Jason Jyi Sheuan Ten, Jiazhao Huang, Mui Ling Sharon Nai","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal powder bed fusion (PBF) is a pivotal additive manufacturing (AM) technique for producing metallic parts. However, it is plagued by defects such as porosity, cracks, and warping, which compromise the quality of the final product. In response, there is a growing interest in leveraging <em>in situ</em> monitoring, data pre-processing, and machine learning (ML) techniques for defect detection and prediction in the metal PBF process. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current advancements in these areas. Specifically, we highlight the emerging trend of data pre-processing that serves as a bridge between <em>in situ</em> monitoring and ML. By addressing challenges such as background noise, data loss, and large volumes of data, pre-processing of <em>in situ</em> monitoring data plays a crucial role in improving the accuracy of defect detection and prediction in the metal PBF process. We also discuss notable methodologies, technologies, and trends in the field, offering insights into the current challenges and potential prospects for advancing <em>in situ</em> monitoring, data pre-processing, and ML techniques for defect investigation in metal PBF printed components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101112"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linjie Zhou , Xiaoke Jia , Yujie Wang , Kun Xiong , Jiani Yang , Yuxuan Kong , Mengchao Guo , Xiaohui Xu , Shuang Li , Xiancheng Ren , Chong Cheng
{"title":"Tailoring cyano-functionalized covalent organic frameworks with highly ordered charge network structure for efficient hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis","authors":"Linjie Zhou , Xiaoke Jia , Yujie Wang , Kun Xiong , Jiani Yang , Yuxuan Kong , Mengchao Guo , Xiaohui Xu , Shuang Li , Xiancheng Ren , Chong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a vital industrial oxidant, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> suffers from energy-intensive conventional production methods. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts for producing H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Conventional imine-linked COFs suffer from inefficient charge separation due to electron localization at nitrogen atoms, which disrupts π-conjugation and promotes charge recombination. To overcome these limitations, we propose cyano-vinylene-linked COFs with precisely designed highly ordered charge networks as an alternative to conventional imine-linked frameworks. The vinyl bridges establish continuous π-conjugation pathways for charge separation, while the cyano groups guide directional electron transfer, collectively forming an efficient charge transport network. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that synergy between the π-conjugated backbone and cyano groups enhances electron mobility and facilitates electron injection into O<sub>2</sub>, accelerating *OOH formation and oxygen reduction. Using benzotrithiophene-2,5,8-tricarboxaldehyde (BTT) as a key building block, we synthesized three distinct COF architectures: an imine-linked framework (Mph-2NH<sub>2</sub>-COF) and two cyano-vinylene-linked variants (Bph-2CN-COF and Mph-2CN-COF). Experimentally, the optimized Mph-2CN-COF achieves a record H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production rate of 9423.2 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> under alkaline conditions, with stable performance over 8 h in a flow reactor, and completes benzylamine coupling in 90 min. These findings demonstrate that constructing highly ordered charge networks is an effective strategy for high-performance photocatalysis, enabling sustainable H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production and organic synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101117"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junyao Tu , Panpan Zhou , Shuling Chen , Shaoyang Shen , Xingyu Liu , Xuezhang Xiao , Zhinian Li , Liuzhang Ouyang
{"title":"Solid-state hydrogen storage alloys for production-storage and transportation-application coupling at ambient temperature: A review","authors":"Junyao Tu , Panpan Zhou , Shuling Chen , Shaoyang Shen , Xingyu Liu , Xuezhang Xiao , Zhinian Li , Liuzhang Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy is essential for achieving sustainable development in human society. As a renewable energy carrier, hydrogen holds significant promise as an alternative to traditional energy sources due to its high energy density, abundant availability, and zero-emission combustion. However, challenges such as high cost and low efficiency in hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and application contribute to its relatively low overall energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive industrial system is crucial to advance the utilization of hydrogen energy. This review proposes an integrated industrial framework that includes offshore wind power and seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, purification, storage, transportation, and application in fuel cells, offering a novel strategy for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Additionally, we summarize advances in hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs), which can directly absorb hydrogen produced from seawater electrolysis and supply it at the required pressure for fuel cell applications. Based on their performance, we identify suitable HSAs from the existing studies that meet these criteria. These selected HSAs are integrated with hydrogen storage tanks and marine transportation to establish a completely coupled engineering system. This review offers insights into the future developmental potential of this system and its prospects for large-scale practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzad Seidi , Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi , Mostafa Dadashi Firouzjaei , Mark Elliott , Anupma Thakur , Yang Huang , Yuqian Liu , Huining Xiao , Babak Anasori
{"title":"Emerging MXene and covalent-organic framework hybrids: Design strategies for energy, sensing, and environmental applications","authors":"Farzad Seidi , Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi , Mostafa Dadashi Firouzjaei , Mark Elliott , Anupma Thakur , Yang Huang , Yuqian Liu , Huining Xiao , Babak Anasori","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for developing advanced hybrid materials with improved functions and performance is rising due to the current challenges in the environmental and energy fields. Hybridization of nanomaterials can address the shortcomings of individual components and afford composite nanomaterials with improved performance through synergistic effects. MXenes are among the growing families of inorganic two-dimensional (2D) materials with unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, easy processability, and excellent photothermal and electrochemical characteristics. Some limitations of MXenes, including poor chemical stability in oxidative conditions and low porosity due to restacking the 2D flakes, could hinder their potential in environmental applications. On the other hand, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly porous organic networks but with primary shortcomings of low electrical conductivity and poor processability. Combining the metallic conductivity and excellent photothermal and electrochemical properties of MXenes with the high porosity of COFs enables the formation of COF@MXene nanomaterials with improved properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the strategies utilized for designing and fabricating COF@MXene heterostructures through chemical and physical hybridization. The synergistic effects of hybridization are discussed for diverse applications, including catalysis, energy storage materials, sensors, water purification, and anti-corrosion coatings. Finally, the future outlook of the COF@MXenes, their challenges and possible solutions for these challenges are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solid-state additive manufacturing of shape-memory ceramic reinforced composites","authors":"Donald J. Erb, Nikhil Gotawala, Hang Z. Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a solid-state additive manufacturing route for producing shape-memory ceramic (Zr<sub>0.88</sub>Ce<sub>0.12</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) reinforced metal matrix composites. Using additive friction stir deposition, we implement two feedstock engineering strategies: (i) pre-mixing of powders using a Cu matrix and (ii) hole-pattern drilling using an Al-Mg-Si matrix, where the specific matrix materials are chosen for their distinct shear flow behaviors. The process yields fully dense composites with uniform particle dispersion (20 vol%) and dynamically recrystallized metal matrices. The severe thermomechanical processing conditions also reduce the ceramic particle size, resulting in unique composite microstructures unattainable by alternative processing routes. The as-printed composites can withstand high compressive loads without cracking and retain functionality enabled by thermally and mechanically triggered martensitic transformations. Notably, for the first time, stress-induced martensitic transformation (tetragonal to monoclinic) is observed in bulk-scale composites—but it is only present in the Cu matrix composite, not the Al-Mg-Si counterpart. Micromechanics modeling attributes this contrast to differences in the load transfer and strain hardening capabilities. Complementary to global transformation characterization, Raman mapping reveals that transformation typically initiates at the particle-matrix interface. Together, these results establish a potential pathway for scalable manufacturing of multi-functional metal–shape memory ceramic composites with tunable microstructures and transformation responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Bin Chen , Shu-Zheng Liu , Jiaqing Zhuang , Dan Zhang , Xin-Gui Tang , Vellaisamy A.L. Roy , Qi-Jun Sun
{"title":"Emerging metal oxide based triboelectric nanogenerators for energy collection and self-powered sensing","authors":"Wei-Bin Chen , Shu-Zheng Liu , Jiaqing Zhuang , Dan Zhang , Xin-Gui Tang , Vellaisamy A.L. Roy , Qi-Jun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have obtained extensive global research attention for their promising applications in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. The energy conversion efficiency of TENGs can be significantly enhanced by incorporating metal oxides, attributable to their high dielectric constant, tunable electron affinity, and chemical stability. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest progress on metal oxide based TENGs (MO-TENGs), including the working principles, materials selection criterion, and applications. Moreover, the remaining challenges and future prospect of MO-TENGs are introduced and discussed in detail. This review should provide guidance on the construction and application of high-performance TENGs in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101119"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purna Prasad Dhakal , Duy Thanh Tran , Deepanshu Malhotra , Phan Khanh Linh Tran , Ganesh Bhandari , Nam Hoon Kim , Joong Hee Lee
{"title":"Recent advances in potential high entropy materials for electrocatalysis applications","authors":"Purna Prasad Dhakal , Duy Thanh Tran , Deepanshu Malhotra , Phan Khanh Linh Tran , Ganesh Bhandari , Nam Hoon Kim , Joong Hee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy materials (HEMs) constitute a new class of materials composed of five or more elements in a cohesive single-phase lattice structure, providing a vast compositional design space that endows them with distinctive physiochemical properties and exceptional catalytic activities. Significant attention has recently been directed towards the development of new high-efficiency HEM systems through simultaneous theoretical and experimental approaches. However, to date, no comprehensive review has fully assessed the advances in HEMs across various emerging energy storage and conversion applications; thus, a thorough review focusing on HEM-based electrocatalysts would be extremely useful to researchers. This review highlights recent developments in innovative synthetic strategies for designing HEM-based catalysts. The correlation between structure and physiochemical properties is well-established through diverse experiments and theoretical studies. We also explore the potential of HEMs for future applications in energy conversion and storage. Additionally, the prospects, opportunities, and challenges in the discovery, design, and use of HEMs will be discussed across different catalytic domains. Our critical review aims to provide invaluable insights and foundational knowledge on HEMs development to the research community, thereby promoting their application in future electrocatalysis in both academic and industrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karim Khan , Muhammad Irfan Hussain , Ayesha Khan Tareen , Ali Asghar , Muhammad Hamza , Zhangwei Chen
{"title":"Advances in vat photopolymerization 3D printing: Multifunctional materials, process innovations, and emerging applications","authors":"Karim Khan , Muhammad Irfan Hussain , Ayesha Khan Tareen , Ali Asghar , Muhammad Hamza , Zhangwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, enables the on-demand conversion of computer-aided design (CAD) models into physical objects, eliminating the need for expensive moulds, dies, or lithographic masks. Among the various AM techniques, light-based vat photopolymerization (VPP) stands out for its focus on polymer-based pure and composite materials. The VPP offers exceptional versatility in printing formats, speed, and precision. Known for its rapid fabrication, high dimensional accuracy, and superior surface finish, VPP is especially well-suited for creating complex geometries. VPP operates by curing photopolymer resins using specific wavelengths of light, typically via vector scanning or mask projection methods. Remarkably, VPP is also adaptable to powder-polymer composite slurry systems and preceramic polymer liquids, enabling additional functionalities and widespread use in lightweight structural components, architectural designs, and optical devices. The integration of nanomaterials (NMs) into VPP-based 3D printing has further expanded its capabilities, enhancing mechanical, thermal, optical, magnetic, catalytic, sensing, and electrical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of VPP technology, detailing its underlying principles and recent advancements in materials development, particularly nanocomposites. It also examines key factors influencing the performance of VPP systems and explores their potential applications across sectors such as biomedicine, catalysis, renewable energy, sensing, and aerospace. Finally, the review addresses current challenges and outlines future prospects for VPP-based material systems. This review bridges critical gaps by correlating material design with process scalability and application-specific performance, offering valuable insights into the optimization of VPP for diverse industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Bakhshi , Mahya Bakhshi , Kavosh Zandsalimi , Mojtaba Hosseine , Mohammad Reza Daghigh Shirazi , Seyed Morteza Naghib
{"title":"Printing strategies for functional chitosan-based carriers in biomedical and drug delivery applications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ali Bakhshi , Mahya Bakhshi , Kavosh Zandsalimi , Mojtaba Hosseine , Mohammad Reza Daghigh Shirazi , Seyed Morteza Naghib","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan has emerged as a highly versatile biopolymer for the fabrication of functional drug delivery carriers owing to its intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and chemical tunability. Recent advances in multi-dimensional printing have expanded the design space for chitosan-based systems, enabling precise spatial control, tailored mechanical performance, and the incorporation of stimuli-responsive features where required. This review provides a comprehensive overview of chitosan derivatives and composite formulations, summarizing chemical, physical, and biogenic modification strategies that enhance printability, stability, and drug release profiles. Key printing modalities, including extrusion-, photon-, droplet-, and electric field-based methods, are systematically assessed, with dedicated attention to specialized applications such as microneedle fabrication for transdermal delivery. The role of chitosan as an additive and functional coating to improve mechanical and biological performance in printed constructs is also critically examined. Furthermore, we analyze global patent activity, bibliometric trends, and translational pathways, including commercial products, regulatory approvals, and clinical investigations. Despite significant advances, challenges remain in reproducibility, scalability, and the standardization of evaluation methods, particularly for complex architectures and cell-laden systems. Looking ahead, integration with nanostructures, gene delivery approaches, and computational design tools promises to accelerate the development of intelligent, patient-specific carriers. Overall, this review synthesizes the current state of chitosan-based printing, balancing advances in material science and printing technology with translational considerations for biomedical and drug delivery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}