Anthropozoologica最新文献

{"title":"A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary","authors":"László Bartosiewicz, Márta Daróczi-Szabó, E. Gál","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2023v58a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2023v58a2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Of all domestic animals, dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) have developed the tightest bond with humans during the history of civilization. Regardless of their chronological affiliation, articulated dog skeletons discovered in structured deposits show individuals within their biological contexts; their ageing and sexing are usually possible and even pathological histories can be reconstructed. This presentation is a concise review of five Migration Period (5th-6th century CE) deposits from western Hungary, the former territory of Roman Pannonia province. These burials are examples of dogs being interred with other animals as well as humans under various circumstances. The integration of multidisciplinary information in reconstructing both the morphotype and likely socio-cultural status of 13 individuals showed the presence of unusually large dogs in human burials by both late Antique and present-day standards. This raises the question of whether these large dogs were associated with humans or occasions that were seen as particularly significant. Could any large dog be added to the burial of a human considered important enough? The dualistic perceptions of dogs in the historical/ethnographic record offer a broad range of interpretations. The results of high-resolution zoological analysis provided by complete dog skeletons can contribute to a better understanding of dog-human relationships as well as the perception and value of individual dogs to people. RÉSUMÉ Une vie de chien: interpréter les dépôts de chiens de la période migratoire en Hongrie. De tous les animaux domestiques, le chien (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) est celui qui a développé le lien le plus étroit avec l'homme au cours de l'histoire des civilisations. Indépendamment de leur attribution chronologique, les squelettes articulés de chiens découverts dans des dépôts structurés révèlent des individus dans leur contexte biologique, ce qui permet généralement de déterminer leur âge et leur sexe, voire de reconstituer leur historique pathologique. Cette présentation consiste en un bref examen de cinq dépôts de la période de migrations (ve-vie siècle de notre ère) provenant de l'ouest de la Hongrie, l'ancien territoire de la province romaine de Pannonie. Ces sépultures constituent des exemples de chiens enterrés avec d'autres animaux ainsi qu'avec des humains dans des circonstances diverses. L'intégration d'informations multidisciplinaires pour la reconstitution de l'aspect morphologique et du statut socioculturel probable de 13 spécimens révèle la présence de chiens de taille inhabituellement grande dans les sépultures humaines, selon les normes de l'Antiquité tardive et d'aujourd'hui. Se pourrait-il qu'un chien de grand gabarit soit associé à la sépulture d'un être humain considéré comme important? Les perceptions duales entourant les chiens dans les archives historiques/ethnographiques offrent un large éventail d'interprétations possibles. Les résultats de l'analyse zo","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"58 1","pages":"9 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brooklyn snake papyrus: why the enigmatic kȝrȝ could be a chameleon","authors":"Linda Evans","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2023v58a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2023v58a1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Brooklyn snake papyrus (c. 380-343 BC) has intrigued Egyptologists since its publication in 1989. Thirty-seven of the 38 entries in the first half of the text describe individual snakes, as well as outline the physical effects of their bites, which has enabled the scientific identification of many to the species level. However, the identity of the last animal listed in the treatise, the kȝrȝ, is debated. The text describes the animal as green with three divisions on its head or back and possessing the ability to change colour, features that have suggested to many scholars that the kȝrȝ is a chameleon (Family Chamaeleonidae), but because these lizards are not dangerous to humans, its apparent association with venomous snakes has caused others to doubt this conclusion. Reference in the text to the creature possessing “two legs under it” has added to the confusion. Here I present information that has not been considered previously, which further supports the earlier identification of the kȝrȝ as a chameleon and explains why its grouping with snakes may have been considered logical according to the taxonomy used by the ancient Egyptians. RÉSUMÉ Le papyrus du serpent de Brooklyn: pourquoi l'énigmatique kȝrȝ pourrait être un caméléon. Le papyrus du serpent de Brooklyn (vers 380-343 av. J.-C.) intrigue les égyptologues depuis sa publication en 1989. Trente-sept des 38 entrées de la première moitié du texte décrivent des spécimens de serpents ainsi que les effets physiques de leurs morsures, ce qui a permis l'identification scientifique de beaucoup d'individus au niveau de l'espèce. Cependant, l'identité du dernier animal répertorié dans le traité, le kȝrȝ, fait débat. Le texte décrit l'animal comme vert avec trois divisions sur la tête ou le dos et possédant la capacité de changer de couleur, des caractéristiques qui ont suggéré à de nombreux chercheurs que le kȝrȝ est un caméléon (Famille des Chamaeleonidae), mais comme ces lézards ne sont pas dangereux pour les humains, son association apparente avec des serpents venimeux a amené certains à douter de cette conclusion. La référence dans le texte à la créature possédant « deux pattes en dessous» a ajouté à la confusion. Ici, je présente des informations qui n'ont pas été prises en compte auparavant, qui soutiennent davantage l'identification antérieure du kȝrȝ en tant que caméléon et expliquent pourquoi son regroupement avec les serpents peut avoir été considéré comme logique selon la taxonomie utilisée par les anciens Égyptiens.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"58 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where are we now? Early Medieval archaeozoology in Slovenia: an overview","authors":"Borut Toškan","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a12","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In south-eastern Alpine region, archaeozoological research of Early Medieval contexts has for a long time been all but neglected. In recent years, however, a few sites have been systematically investigated providing the opportunity to get deeper insights into some of the most characteristic aspects of the role of various animals in the economy of human communities of the time. Animal husbandry provided most of the consumed meat with caprines, pigs and poultry often significantly outnumbering cattle. Considering also the diminishing body-size and the relatively high average age-at-death values of these animals, the settlements are believed to have been economically autarkic units, existing on subsistence economy. The fairly homogeneous pattern of intra-site spatial distribution of animal finds is indicative of limited social stratification and functional differentiation of the population. The interaction of the first Slavic newcomers of the 6th century AD with indigenous inhabitants in at least some parts of the studied area apparently resulted in a partial modification of animal husbandry strategy of the former, believed to have been traditionally based on pig rearing. The insights into the role of animals in the local mythology of that time are poor. The most prominent find is a canid skeleton from one of the burial sites, where it supposedly represented one of the points of spatial connotations of the area. RÉSUMÉ Où en sommes-nous ? Archéozoologie médiévale précoce en Slovénie: un aperçu. Dans le sud-est de la région alpine, la recherche archéozoologique des contextes du Moyen Âge précoce a longtemps été négligée. Ces dernières années cependant, quelques sites ont été systématiquement étudiés, ce qui a permis de mieux comprendre certains des aspects les plus caractéristiques du rôle des différents animaux dans l'économie des communautés humaines de l'époque. L'élevage fournissait alors la majeure partie de la viande consommée, les caprins, les porcs et les volailles étant souvent beaucoup plus nombreux que les bovins. Compte tenu également de la diminution de la taille des animaux et de l'âge moyen relativement élevé à leur mort, on pense que les établissements étaient des unités économiquement autonomes, vivant d'une économie de subsistance. Le modèle assez homogène de la distribution spatiale intra-site des découvertes d'animaux indique une stratification sociale et une différenciation fonctionnelle limitées de la population. L'interaction des premiers arrivants slaves du vie siècle après J.-C. avec les habitants indigènes, dans au moins certaines parties de la zone étudiée, a apparemment entraîné une modification partielle de la stratégie d'élevage des premiers, que l'on pense avoir été traditionnellement basée sur l'élevage de porcs. Les informations sur le rôle des animaux dans la mythologie locale sont pauvres. La découverte la plus marquante est un squelette de canidé provenant de l'un des sites funéraires, où il a pu représent","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"255 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-puma (Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)) relations in the Dry Chaco of Córdoba, Argentina","authors":"Thiago Costa, Jessica Manzano-García, Julián Mignino","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a11","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Peasant and puma (Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)) relations in the Argentinian Chaco (Córdoba) are assessed through interviews, participant observation and a zooarchaeological approach. Thus, we present information concerning human perceptions surrounding this carnivore and an analysis of the remains of a puma that had been hunted, prepared as pickles and consumed by local dwellers. Despite the negative perceptions (N = 61 interviewees) associated with the threat that pumas represent to the subsistence of the rural populations, it has been possible to record consumption practices (as food and medicine) of the animal. The zooarchaeological analysis of 19 elements selected for the consumption of the carnivore has also provided information about modes of preparation and practices that do not appear in the narratives. Finally, we note that local perceptions in relation to pumas are being subjected to changes associated with socioeconomic pressures and ecological transformations, thus we highlight the role of transdisciplinary approaches in supporting biocultural conservation in the area. RÉSUMÉ Relations homme-puma (Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)) dans le Chaco sec de Córdoba, Argentine. Par le biais d'entretiens, d'observation de participants et d'une approche zooarchéologique, nous avons évalué les relations entre les paysans et le puma (Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)) dans le Chaco argentin (Córdoba). Nous présentons des informations sur les perceptions humaines de ces carnivores ainsi qu'une analyse des restes d'un puma qui a été chassé, sa viande marinée puis consommée par les habitants locaux. Malgré les perceptions négatives (N = 61 personnes interrogées) associées à la menace que représente les pumas pour les populations rurales, il a été possible d'enregistrer les pratiques de consommation de l'animal en tant que nourriture et médecine traditionnelle. L'analyse zooarchéologique de 19 éléments sélectionnés pour la consommation du carnivore a également permis d'obtenir des informations sur des modes de préparation et des pratiques qui ne sont pas présents dans les récits des paysans. On constate, enfin, que les perceptions locales relatives aux pumas sont soumises à des changements liés aux pressions socioéconomiques et aux transformations écologiques. Pour cela, nous soulignons l'importance des approches interdisciplinaires pour soutenir la conservation bioculturelle de l'espèce dans la région.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"241 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48714889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An emic understanding of honey bees and their environment: attracting bee swarms to nest on rafters in Belitung, Indonesia","authors":"Nicolas Césard","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study focuses on a form of managing and harvesting honey from migrating swarms of the giant Asian honey bee (Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793). Closer to bee maintaining or bee tending than to beekeeping, the “rafter” technique consists of positioning, on the ground or in branches, a slightly inclined hardwood plank or a section of tree trunk under which the bees establish a colony by building their single-comb nest. The man-made structure (imitating a tree branch) facilitates the nesting of bees and has the advantage of being more accessible to harvesters than the tall trees or rock cliffs where colonies are generally encountered. The article shows how, in anticipation of the arrival (or the return) of migrating swarms, the harvesters of Belitung Island in Indonesia seek out and prepare a habitat that they consider to be suited to the behavior of the bees. It demonstrates that rafter harvesters have an extensive emic understanding of their environment and of the honey bees' interactions with vegetation. In Belitung, local knowledge of the bees' habitat and the rafter technique is not limited only to knowledge about the type of physical support that is appropriate, but also includes knowledge about how and where it should be placed: the position of a rafter is adjusted at each location to form a shelter that can be compared to a “niche” (in the Gibsonian sense). Belitung harvesters also stress the important role of sunlight in attracting the bees, an explanation also shared by scientists. We hypothesize here that their focus is not on the bees or the swarm as a sentient organism but on their own understanding of the environment's properties. RÉSUMÉ Une compréhension émique des abeilles et de leur environnement: attirer un essaim sur un tronc à miel à Belitung, Indonésie. La recherche porte sur une forme de gestion et de récolte du miel des essaims migrateurs de l'abeille géante asiatique (Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793). Plus proche de l'accompagnement que de l'apiculture, la technique du « chevron » consiste à disposer au sol ou dans les branches une planche de bois ou un tronc d'arbre légèrement incliné sous lequel les abeilles fonderont leur colonie en construisant leur nid à rayon unique. La structure artificielle (semblable à une branche) facilite la nidification des abeilles et présente l'avantage d'être plus accessible aux collecteurs que les grands arbres ou les falaises où les colonies ont tendance à se regrouper. L'article montre comment les collecteurs de miel de l'île de Belitung en Indonésie anticipent l'arrivée (ou le retour) des essaims migrateurs en cherchant et en préparant dans leur environnement un habitat qu'ils estiment adapté au comportement des abeilles. Il rend compte d'une compréhension émique large de l'environnement et des interactions des abeilles avec la végétation. Le savoir local à Belitung ne réduit pas l'habitat des essaims et la technique du chevron au seul support: sa position est ajustée à chaque emplace","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"223 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46381357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between metatarsal proximal extremity parameters and weight and height at the withers of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sahraoui and Targui “breeds”.","authors":"B. Babelhadj, Chantal Thorin, Atika Benaissa, Mélanie Colléaux, Ana Guintard, Revathi S. Nair, F. Tékkouk-Zemmouchi, R. Ridouh, Catherine Picard, Aurélia Borvon, Abdelkader Adamou, É. Betti, C. Guintard","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a9","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The metatarsal bone is one of the strongest bone in Ungulates and can provide various information about live animal. A sample of 86 metatarsal bones of 43 adult dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) was studied. Two breeds were compared, with a total of 22 males and 21 females, organised in four groups: 13 Sahraoui females, 14 Sahraoui males, nine Targui females and seven Targui males. Prior to the osteometric study, biometric parameters (body weight [BW] and height at the withers [HW]) were measured. For each bone, the area of the proximal articular surface was calculated, and the proximal width and thickness were measured. No differences were observed between the left and right sides of each individual and therefore analysis was done only for the right side. The multivariate analysis (PCA) carried out on the articular surfaces and proximal linear measurements highlights sexual dimorphism, however, no statistical difference was noted between the two breeds. The best predictive model for obtaining body weight using osteometric measurements involves the “step-by-step” procedure which only contains one predictive measurement, namely the BpT (the metatarsal proximal width): BW = 128.88*BpT –302.55. Inclusion of the articular surfaces does not improve the prediction of weight in a bivariate model. However, taking into account the total surface area (SA) allows the body weight to be predicted using the following formula: BW = 21.728*SA + 136.840. Finally, no measurements allow the animal's height at the withers to be estimated with a simple bivariate model. RÉSUMÉ Relations entre les paramètres de l'extrémité proximale du métatarse, le poids vif et la hauteur au garrot chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) dans les « races» Sahraoui et Targui. Le métatarse est l'un des os les plus solides du squelette des ongulés et permet de fournir des renseignements sur l'animal vivant. Un échantillon de 86 os métatarsiens provenant de 46 dromadaires (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) adultes a été étudié. Deux races ont été comparées, comprenant un total de 22 mâles et 21 femelles, correspondant à quatre groupes: 13 femelles Sahraoui, 14 mâles Sahraoui, neuf femelles Targui et sept mâles Targui. Préalablement à l'étude ostéométrique, des paramètres biométriques des animaux vivants (poids vif et hauteur au garrot) ont été mesurés. Pour chaque os, la surface articulaire proximale a été calculée et la largeur et l'épaisseur proximales ont été mesurées. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre le côté droit et le côté gauche, de sorte que l'analyse a été faite sur le côté droit. L'analyse multivariée (ACP) réalisée sur les surfaces articulaires et sur les mesures linéaires permet de mettre en évidence le dimorphisme sexuel, alors qu'aucune différence statistique n'est notée entre les deux races. Le meilleur modèle afin de prédire le poids de l'animal à partir des mesures ostéométriques, selon la procédure pas à pas","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"211 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42759065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dama gazelle Nanger dama (Pallas, 1766) in Saharan rock art","authors":"A. Schreiber, Karl Heinz Striedter","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a8","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Twenty-five original prehistoric rock images from the Sahara in Libya, Niger, Mauretania and Algeria are presented which evidently or likely represent dama gazelles (Mammalia, Bovidae: Nanger dama (Pallas, 1766)). A literature revision of gazelles in North African rock art serves to interpret these new examples. Recurrent stylistic devices of engraved antelopes in rock surfaces are inferred. The rock images extend the known prehistoric range of the dama gazelle into the Fezzan (southwest Libya), the Western Desert of Egypt and the border triangle region Egypt/Sudan/Libya. Some rock paintings reveal the subspecies identity of dama gazelles, confirming the red-necked gazelle (N. d. ruficollis (Hamilton Smith, 1827)) for southwest Egypt. A long brown dorsal saddle patch combined with extensive white areas in their head skins likely proposes N. d. dama (Pallas, 1766) for the hitherto taxonomically undetermined populations in east-central Algeria, extinct since before taxonomists could study them. Our revision suggests that published conjectures of gerenuks (Litocranius walleri (Brooke, 1878)) or dibatags (Ammordorcas clarkei (Thomas, 1891)) depicted in Saharan rock images or in Pharaonic Egyptian art sometimes refer to misidentified dama gazelles, as far as they are interpretable at all. RÉSUMÉ La gazelle dama Nanger dama (Pallas, 1766) dans l'art rupestre du Sahara. Vingt-cinq images rupestres préhistoriques originales provenant du Sahara en Libye, au Niger, en Mauritanie et en Algérie sont présentées, illustrant de manière évidente ou probable des gazelles dama (Mammalia, Bovidae: Nanger dama (Pallas, 1766)). Une étude de la littérature sur les gazelles dans l'art rupestre nordafricain sert à interpréter ces nouveaux exemples. Des procédés stylistiques récurrents d'antilopes gravées dans les surfaces rocheuses sont déduits. Les images rupestres étendent l'aire de répartition préhistorique connue de la gazelle dama au Fezzan (sud-ouest de la Libye), au désert occidental d'Égypte et à la région du triangle frontalier Égypte/Soudan/Libye. Certaines peintures rupestres révèlent l'identité de la sous-espèce des gazelles dama, confirmant la gazelle addra à cou rouge (N. d. ruficollis (Hamilton Smith, 1827)) pour le sud-ouest de l'Égypte. Une longue tache brune sur la selle dorsale, combinée à de vastes zones blanches dans la peau de la tête, propose probablement N. d. dama (Pallas, 1766) pour les populations jusqu'ici indéterminées du point de vue taxonomique dans le centre-est de l'Algérie, éteintes avant que les taxonomistes ne puissent les étudier. Notre étude suggère que les conjectures publiées de gérénuks (Litocranius walleri (Brooke, 1878)) ou de dibatags (Ammordorcas clarkei (Thomas, 1891)) représentés sur des images rupestres sahariennes ou dans l'art égyptien pharaonique font parfois référence, pour autant qu'elles soient interprétables, à des gazelles dama mal identifiées.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"185 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44494137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De l'origine du chien et de sa diffusion à l'aune de sa mythologie","authors":"Julien D'huy","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a7","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ Il est possible, en utilisant des outils phylogénétiques, de reconstruire la façon dont les mythes ayant trait aux chiens se sont diffusés sur la planète, ainsi que leur point d'origine probable. L'arbre construit à partir des motifs mythologiques liés au chien s'enracine entre l'Asie centrale et l'Asie de l'Est. Il montre deux diffusions des motifs en Amérique, la seconde ne touchant que la partie septentrionale du continent. Les motifs semblent avoir suivi les mêmes routes de diffusion que leur objet, ce qui permet de corroborer les acquis de la génétique et de l'archéologie. Par ailleurs, l'approche phylogénétique rend possible l'identification des premiers récits mythologiques liés aux chiens: « Un homme épouse une femme-chien»; « 1/Le chien est le maître, le garde ou le guide vers les terres de la mort ou 2/Les chiens vivent sur la route qui mène aux terres de la mort»; « Des créatures présentent à la fois des caractères humains et canins, le plus souvent un corps d'homme avec une tête de chien»; « Les chiens ou les hommes à tête de chien sont mariés à des femmes humaines» et « Sirius est associé à un chien ou à un loup». Ces reconstructions, également associées aux loups sur l'aire d'origine considérée, permettent d'expliquer, avec un haut degré de probabilité, divers vestiges archéologiques.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"169 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48368187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaming and divination pieces, markers of ownership, or all three? Zooarchaeology and the interpretation of knuckle bones found in tombs of the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado (Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, Murcia, Spain)","authors":"P. Thomas, J. M. García Cano, S. Albizuri, J. Nadal","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a6","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Natural and worked astragali or knuckle bones dating from the Neolithic are common finds in Eurasia and are usually thought to be related with gaming, divination or protection. Knuckle bones/astragali (N = 549) and imitations (N = 11) were found in 27 of the 158 tombs that have been studied in the El Poblado necropolis, Murcia, Southeast Spain (fourth-second century BC), forming one of the most important knuckle bone collections in an Iberian cultural site. The greatest concentrations were found in tombs of important and high-class individuals. Most of the knuckle bones/astragali are from sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758) and had been burnt with the corpse of the deceased. The fact that knuckle bones occur as part of the grave goods of both sexes suggests the egalitarian use of these items. While certain modifications point to their probable use, unworked astragali could have symbolised ownership of flocks or been used for exchange. The significance of this item and the data collected are discussed within the social and cultural context of pre-Roman societies in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"157 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43352724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martial's hawk and Iberian falconry. An exception in the ancient world","authors":"Carlos Espí Forcén, J. M. García Cano","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It has been generally acknowledged that falconry was unknown in Antiquity until it was imported in the 5th century AD by Germanic tribes into the lands of the Roman Empire. However, this theory contrasts with a 1st century AD epigram by Martial that depicts a hawk kept in captivity that regrets hunting for a fowler, a concept that can be perfectly understood as falconry. Due to a lack of knowledge of Iberian iconography and the absence of other early sources that attest to the existence of hawking in Antiquity, historians of hunting have interpreted Martial's epigram in diverse ways to avoid accepting that the poet was familiar with falconry. However, a careful look at Iberian figurative arts between the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC reveals that Iberians depicted scenes perfectly coherent with falconry. Furthermore, some of these images were created in the region around Bilbilis where Martial was born, grew up and retired. Thus, we can conclude that it is highly likely that Martial was describing falconry in his epigram due to his knowledge of the sport in his native Hispania. Iberians seem to have practiced falconry since at least the 3rd century BC. This constituted an exception in the ancient world, since there is no evidence to prove that falconry was known in Middle Eastern, Greek or Roman civilizations.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"141 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48847866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}