Research Ethics最新文献_第4页

Ethical standards for research on marine mammals 海洋哺乳动物研究的伦理标准

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231182066

V. Papastavrou, C. Ryan

{"title":"Ethical standards for research on marine mammals","authors":"V. Papastavrou, C. Ryan","doi":"10.1177/17470161231182066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231182066","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting marine mammal research can raise several important ethical issues. For example, the continuation of whaling for commercial purposes despite the international moratorium provides opportunities for scientists to obtain data and tissue samples. In 2021 we analysed 35 peer-reviewed papers reporting research based on collaborations with Icelandic whalers. Results highlighted little consideration or understanding of the legal and ethical issues associated with the deliberate killing of whales amongst those researchers, funding bodies, universities and journals involved. Ethical statements were rarely provided. Those that were written were incomplete. Whilst research using whaling data may seem acceptable to some, it often becomes hard to justify when subject to scrutiny by the media and the public. Thus, there is a particular danger of reputational harm for early career researchers who may become unwittingly involved in such activities. Here we also consider the broader variety of ethical issues raised by non-lethal research (both historical and recent) on marine mammals including tagging and biopsy. We discuss instances where study animals were harmed or even killed and where the public mistook tags for harpoons. Without clear guidelines, reviewers and journal editors are put in an impossible position when considering whether to reject papers on ethical grounds. We propose that for such studies, universities, funders, journals, and permit issuers must require ethical assessments and that journals more effectively implement their existing policies on publishing ethical statements. The professional marine mammal societies need to work together to produce modern ethical guidance. Such guidance should require transparency in the provenance of data and samples while including advice on law, welfare issues, involvement of local scientists, and offshoring. Furthermore, it should require appraisal of and justification for the absolute necessity of invasive procedures. As is already the case in biomedical disciplines, ethical statements should be required in marine mammal science.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Let’s do better: Improving research ethics knowledge, practice and systems of oversight 做得更好:完善科研伦理知识、实践和监管体系

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231183840

E. Dove, K. Chatfield

引用次数: 0

The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts 披露使用人工智能工具撰写学术手稿的伦理问题

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231180449

Mohammad Hosseini, D. Resnik, Kristi L Holmes

{"title":"The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts","authors":"Mohammad Hosseini, D. Resnik, Kristi L Holmes","doi":"10.1177/17470161231180449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231180449","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we discuss ethical issues related to using and disclosing artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT and other systems based on large language models (LLMs), to write or edit scholarly manuscripts. Some journals, such as Science, have banned the use of LLMs because of the ethical problems they raise concerning responsible authorship. We argue that this is not a reasonable response to the moral conundrums created by the use of LLMs because bans are unenforceable and would encourage undisclosed use of LLMs. Furthermore, LLMs can be useful in writing, reviewing and editing text, and promote equity in science. Others have argued that LLMs should be mentioned in the acknowledgments since they do not meet all the authorship criteria. We argue that naming LLMs as authors or mentioning them in the acknowledgments are both inappropriate forms of recognition because LLMs do not have free will and therefore cannot be held morally or legally responsible for what they do. Tools in general, and software in particular, are usually cited in-text, followed by being mentioned in the references. We provide suggestions to improve APA Style for referencing ChatGPT to specifically indicate the contributor who used LLMs (because interactions are stored on personal user accounts), the used version and model (because the same version could use different language models and generate dissimilar responses, e.g., ChatGPT May 12 Version GPT3.5 or GPT4), and the time of usage (because LLMs evolve fast and generate dissimilar responses over time). We recommend that researchers who use LLMs: (1) disclose their use in the introduction or methods section to transparently describe details such as used prompts and note which parts of the text are affected, (2) use in-text citations and references (to recognize their used applications and improve findability and indexing), and (3) record and submit their relevant interactions with LLMs as supplementary material or appendices.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73171712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Who owns your consent? How REBs give away participants’ agency 谁拥有你的同意?reb如何放弃参与者的代理权

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231180829

Janice Aurini, V. Iafolla

引用次数: 0

Reshaping consent so we might improve participant choice (II) – helping people decide 重塑同意，这样我们就可以改善参与者的选择(二)——帮助人们做决定

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231176932

H. Davies, Rosie Munday, Maeve O’Reilly, Catriona Gilmour Hamilton, Arzhang Ardahan, S. Kolstoe, K. Gillies

引用次数: 0

Research ethics committee members’ perspectives on paediatric research: a qualitative interview study 研究伦理委员会成员对儿科研究的看法:一项定性访谈研究

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231179663

Kajsa Norberg Wieslander, A. Höglund, Sara Frygner-Holm, T. Godskesen

引用次数: 0

Afterlife: the post-research affect and effect of software 来世:软件的后研究影响和效果

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231178450

Nicolas E. Gold, Ian Lawson, N. Oxtoby

引用次数: 0

Deception and informed consent in studies with incognito simulated standardized patients: empirical experiences and a case study from South Africa 在模拟匿名标准化患者的研究中的欺骗和知情同意:经验经验和来自南非的案例研究

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231174734

B. Daniels, J. Boffa, A. Kwan, S. Moyo

{"title":"Deception and informed consent in studies with incognito simulated standardized patients: empirical experiences and a case study from South Africa","authors":"B. Daniels, J. Boffa, A. Kwan, S. Moyo","doi":"10.1177/17470161231174734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231174734","url":null,"abstract":"Simulated standardized patients (SPs) are trained individuals who pose incognito as people seeking treatment in a health care setting. With the method’s increasing use and popularity, we propose some standards to adapt the method to contextual considerations of feasibility, and we discuss current issues with the SP method and the experience of consent and ethical research in international SP studies. Since a foundational discussion of the research ethics of the method was published in 2012, a growing number of studies have implemented this method to collect data on the quality of care in a variety of settings around the world. We draw from that experience to provide empirical foundations for a popular approach to ethical approval of such studies in the United States and Canada, which has been to obtain a waiver of informed consent from the health care providers who are the subjects of the research. However, the majority of studies to date have evaluated quality of care outside the U.S., requiring additional ethical consideration when partnering with international institutions. We discuss these considerations in the context of a case study from a completed SP study in South Africa, where informed consent is constitutionally protected.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74943045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Systemic disruptions: decolonizing indigenous research ethics using indigenous knowledges 系统性破坏:利用本土知识去殖民化本土研究伦理

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231169205

C. Fournier, S. Stewart, Joshua Adams, Clayton Shirt, Esha Mahabir

引用次数: 1

Researchers’ reflections on ethics of care as decolonial research practice: understanding Indigenous knowledge communication systems to navigate moments of ethical tension in rural Malawi 研究人员对护理伦理作为非殖民化研究实践的反思:理解土著知识传播系统，以导航马拉维农村伦理紧张的时刻

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470161231169484

Mtisunge Isabel Kamlongera, Mkotama W Katenga-Kaunda

{"title":"Researchers’ reflections on ethics of care as decolonial research practice: understanding Indigenous knowledge communication systems to navigate moments of ethical tension in rural Malawi","authors":"Mtisunge Isabel Kamlongera, Mkotama W Katenga-Kaunda","doi":"10.1177/17470161231169484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231169484","url":null,"abstract":"This article is autoethnographic, based upon the authors’ experiences and reflections upon encountered moments of ethical tension whilst conducting research in rural Malawi. Given that knowledge production, as a process, has been marred by colonial forms of power, the project was underpinned by efforts to achieve a decolonial approach to the research, including the research ethics. The authors share of their endeavours to counterbalance the challenges of power asymmetries whilst researching and working with an Indigenous community whose reality can be marginalised by the Western canon. The authors attempted to ensure that the values and customs of the researched community were respected and central to the research approach. When researchers are guided by local culture and customs, the participants are able to drive the research approach, incorporate their voice and share knowledge that is true to their context and reality. In this way, the research study is illustrative of how an ethics of care can help to facilitate decolonial research practice.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85964180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1