Research Ethics最新文献_第10页

Publish or be ethical? Publishing pressure and scientific misconduct in research 出版还是道德?出版压力和科研不端行为

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120980562

M. Paruzel-Czachura, Lidia Baran, Zbigniew Spendel

{"title":"Publish or be ethical? Publishing pressure and scientific misconduct in research","authors":"M. Paruzel-Czachura, Lidia Baran, Zbigniew Spendel","doi":"10.1177/1747016120980562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120980562","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports two studies exploring the relationship between scholars’ self-reported publication pressure and their self-reported scientific misconduct in research. In Study 1 the participants (N = 423) were scholars representing various disciplines from one big university in Poland. In Study 2 the participants (N = 31) were exclusively members of the management, such as dean, director, etc. from the same university. In Study 1 the most common reported form of scientific misconduct was honorary authorship. The majority of researchers (71%) reported that they had not violated ethical standards in the past; 3% admitted to scientific misconduct; 51% reported being were aware of colleagues’ scientific misconduct. A small positive correlation between perceived publication pressure and intention to engage in scientific misconduct in the future was found. In Study 2 more than half of the management (52%) reported being aware of researchers’ dishonest practices, the most frequent one of these being honorary authorship. As many as 71% of the participants report observing publication pressure in their subordinates. The primary conclusions are: (1) most scholars are convinced of their morality and predict that they will behave morally in the future; (2) scientific misconduct, particularly minor offenses such as honorary authorship, is frequently observed both by researchers (particularly in their colleagues) and by their managers; (3) researchers experiencing publication pressure report a willingness to engage in scientific misconduct in the future.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"375 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90528159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Moral injury and the need to carry out ethically responsible research 道德伤害和开展伦理责任研究的必要性

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-11-02 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120969743

V. Williamson, D. Murphy, C. Castro, E. Vermetten, R. Jetly, N. Greenberg

{"title":"Moral injury and the need to carry out ethically responsible research","authors":"V. Williamson, D. Murphy, C. Castro, E. Vermetten, R. Jetly, N. Greenberg","doi":"10.1177/1747016120969743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120969743","url":null,"abstract":"The need for research to advance scientific understanding must be balanced with ensuring the rights and wellbeing of participants are safeguarded, with some research topics posing more ethical quandaries for researchers than others. Moral injury is one such topic. Exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences can lead to significant distress, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and selfinjury. In this article, we discuss how the rapid expansion of research in the field of moral injury could threaten the wellbeing, dignity and integrity of participants. We also examine key guidance for carrying out ethically responsible research with participants’ rights to self-determination, confidentiality, non-maleficence and beneficence discussed in relation to the study of moral injury. We describe how investigations of moral injury are likely to pose several challenges for researchers including managing disclosures of potentially illegal acts, the risk of harm that repeated questioning about guilt and shame may pose to participant wellbeing in longitudinal studies, as well as the possible negative impact of exposure to vicarious trauma on researchers themselves. Finally, we offer several practical recommendations that researchers, research ethics committees and other regulatory bodies can take to protect participant rights, maximise the potential benefits of research outputs and ensure the field continues to expand in an ethically responsible way.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"135 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75822307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Understanding and attitudes of the Jordanian public about clinical research ethics 约旦公众对临床研究伦理的理解和态度

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-10-21 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120966779

M. Ababneh, S. Al‐Azzam, K. Alzoubi, Abeer M. Rababa’h, S. A. Al Demour

引用次数: 0

Online educational research with middle adolescent populations: Ethical considerations and recommendations 青少年群体的在线教育研究:伦理考虑和建议

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120963160

Erin Mackenzie, Nathan Berger, K. Holmes, M. Walker

引用次数: 4

Unconsented acknowledgments as a form of authorship abuse: What can be done about it? 未经同意的致谢是一种滥用作者身份的形式:对此我们能做些什么?

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120952516

Mladen Koljatic

引用次数: 3

The responsibility of knowledge: Identifying and reporting students with evidence of psychological distress in large-scale school-based studies 知识的责任:在大规模校本研究中识别和报告有心理困扰证据的学生

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120952511

Margaret L. Kern, H. Cahill, L. Morrish, A. Farrelly, Keren Shlezinger, Hayley K. Jach

{"title":"The responsibility of knowledge: Identifying and reporting students with evidence of psychological distress in large-scale school-based studies","authors":"Margaret L. Kern, H. Cahill, L. Morrish, A. Farrelly, Keren Shlezinger, Hayley K. Jach","doi":"10.1177/1747016120952511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120952511","url":null,"abstract":"The use of psychometric tools to investigate the impact of school-based wellbeing programs raises a number of ethical issues around students’ rights, confidentiality and protection. Researchers have explicit ethical obligations to protect participants from potential psychological harms, but guidance is needed for effectively navigating disclosure of identifiable confidential information that indicates signs of psychological distress. Drawing on a large-scale study examining student, school, and system-based factors that impact the implementation of a school-based social and emotional learning program, we describe patterns of distress attained from quantitative and qualitative questions and describe the process that we evolved to monitor and disclose sensitive mental health information, providing one example of how researchers might effectively address the responsibilities that emerge when collecting sensitive information from students within an education system. The patterns and processes that emerged illustrate that the inclusion of mental distress information can elicit important insights, but also brings responsibilities for minimising risks and maximising benefits.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"69 1","pages":"193 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79152490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Ethical challenges in researching and telling the stories of recently deceased people 研究和讲述最近去世的人的故事的伦理挑战

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120952503

G. Caswell, N. Turner

引用次数: 2

Fostering the trustworthiness of researchers: SPECS and the role of ethical reflexivity in novel neurotechnology research 培养研究人员的可信度:SPECS和道德反身性在新型神经技术研究中的作用

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120952500

P. Tubig, Darcy McCusker

{"title":"Fostering the trustworthiness of researchers: SPECS and the role of ethical reflexivity in novel neurotechnology research","authors":"P. Tubig, Darcy McCusker","doi":"10.1177/1747016120952500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120952500","url":null,"abstract":"The development of novel neurotechnologies, such as brain-computer interface (BCI) and deep-brain stimulation (DBS), are very promising in improving the welfare and life prospects many people. These include life-changing therapies for medical conditions and enhancements of cognitive, emotional, and moral capacities. Yet there are also numerous moral risks and uncertainties involved in developing novel neurotechnologies. For this reason, the progress of novel neurotechnology research requires that diverse publics place trust in researchers to develop neural interfaces in ways that are overall beneficial to society and responsive to ethical values and concerns. In this article, we argue that researchers and research institutions have a moral responsibility to foster and demonstrate trustworthiness with respect to broader publics whose lives will be affected by their research. Using Annette Baier’s conceptual analysis of trust, which takes competence and good will to be its central components, we propose that practices of ethical reflexivity could play a valuable role in fostering the trustworthiness of individual researchers and research institutions through building and exhibiting their moral competence and good will. By ethical reflexivity, we mean the reflective and discursive activity of articulating, analyzing, and assessing the assumptions and values that might be underlying their ethical actions and projects. Here, we share an ethics dialog tool—called the Scientific Perspectives and Ethics Commitments Survey (or SPECS)—developed by the University of Washington’s Center of Neurotechnology (CNT) Neuroethics Thrust. Ultimately, the aim is to show the promise of ethical reflexivity practices, like SPECS, as a method of enhancing trustworthiness in researchers and their institutions that seek to develop novel neurotechnologies for the overall benefit of society.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"21 1","pages":"143 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81877532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Research ethics in practice: challenges of using digital technology to embed the voices of children and young people within programs for fathers who use domestic violence 实践中的研究伦理:利用数字技术将儿童和年轻人的声音嵌入针对实施家庭暴力的父亲的项目中的挑战

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120936324

Katie Lamb, C. Humphreys, K. Hegarty

{"title":"Research ethics in practice: challenges of using digital technology to embed the voices of children and young people within programs for fathers who use domestic violence","authors":"Katie Lamb, C. Humphreys, K. Hegarty","doi":"10.1177/1747016120936324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120936324","url":null,"abstract":"There has been growing enthusiasm amongst those who undertake research with children, for the development of participatory and visual research methods. The greater availability and affordability of digital technology (such as digital cameras, tablets and smart phones) has meant that there has been greater scope for digital technology to support participatory research methods, or augment more traditional qualitative research methods. While digital technology provides new opportunities for qualitative researchers, they also come with a series of challenges – some of which have been grappled with by those using more traditional research methods but also some which are new. Our study was undertaken in Victoria, Australia, and used a combination of interviews, focus groups and digital storytelling to bring together two strands of work which have historically occurred separately: work with children experiencing domestic violence and programs for men who use domestic violence. While digital storytelling proved to be an effective method of engaging children and young people in the research, a range of challenging ethical issues emerged. Some of these issues were considered as part of the formal ‘procedural ethics’ process, but additional and more challenging issues relating to anonymity and the complex safety considerations of using of the children’s digital stories within programs for men who use violence and dissemination emerged in practice. It is hoped that sharing our experiences and decision-making will contribute to the knowledge base for others considering engaging in sensitive research using digital technology.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"176 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75807782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Fostering ethical biomedical and health research in India during the COVID-19 pandemic 在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间促进印度的伦理生物医学和卫生研究

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120941632

Nandini K Kumar, V. Muthuswamy

{"title":"Fostering ethical biomedical and health research in India during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Nandini K Kumar, V. Muthuswamy","doi":"10.1177/1747016120941632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120941632","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented, major challenges to the ethical conduct of research including challenges for the rapid and robust ethical review of biomedical research. The Indian Council of Medical Research’s “National Guidelines for Ethics Committees Reviewing Biomedical and Health Research during COVID-19 Pandemic” aim to assist ethics committees in this time of crisis, whilst simultaneously protecting researchers and research participants. Whilst ethics committees are encouraged to approve studies rapidly, the Indian guidelines also make clear that no shortcuts will be taken. Informed consent must be obtained innovatively, but cannot be dispensed with. Vulnerable people should only be involved in clinical research that is relevant to their health needs. Approaching communities for research also requires new, trust-building methods, given that healthcare workers and researchers have been assaulted during their COVID-19 research. Importantly, the media must carry their share of responsibility and avoid spreading fake news. From an Indian perspective, the question of whether we are sitting on a volcano that might erupt at any time causing more damage than we ever expected is currently unclear. Only global collaborative efforts will help to tide over in the present crisis.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89851597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10