Research Ethics最新文献_第9页

How ethical challenges of covert observations can be met in practice 如何在实践中应对隐蔽观察的伦理挑战

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211008218

N. Podschuweit

{"title":"How ethical challenges of covert observations can be met in practice","authors":"N. Podschuweit","doi":"10.1177/17470161211008218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211008218","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to bring into the ethical debate on covert research two aspects that are neglected to date: the perspective of the research subjects and the special responsibility of investigators towards their observers. Both aspects are falling behind, especially in quantitative social research. From a methodological point of view, quantitative forms of covert observation involve a great distance between the researcher and the research subjects. When human observers are involved, the focus is usually on the reliable application of the measuring instrument. Therefore, herein, a quantitative study is used as an example to show how the protection needs of both the observed persons and the observers can be met in practice. The study involved 40 student observers who covertly captured everyday conversations in real-world settings (e.g. in cafés or trains) by a highly standardised observation scheme. The study suggests that the anonymity of the research subjects and their trust in the observers are crucial for their subsequent consent. However, many participants showed only little or even no interest in the written information they were provided. Further, this study strongly emphasises how mentally stressful covert observations are to the observers. Almost all observers were worried in advance that the people they were observing would prematurely blow their cover and confront them. Role-playing and in-depth discussions in teams are good strategies to alleviate such and other fears and to prepare student assistants well for their demanding work in the field.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"148 1","pages":"309 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Editor’s Note Editor’s音符

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1747016119867566

Martha R. Kelso

引用次数: 0

Queer considerations: Exploring the use of social media for research recruitment within LGBTQ communities 酷儿思考:探索在LGBTQ社区中使用社交媒体进行研究招聘

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211003021

C. Littler, P. Joy

引用次数: 5

What are the most common reasons for return of ethics submissions? An audit of an Australian health service ethics committee 最常见的原因是什么?对澳大利亚卫生服务伦理委员会的审计

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/1747016121999935

C. Brandenburg, Sarah Thorning, Carine Ruthenberg

{"title":"What are the most common reasons for return of ethics submissions? An audit of an Australian health service ethics committee","authors":"C. Brandenburg, Sarah Thorning, Carine Ruthenberg","doi":"10.1177/1747016121999935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016121999935","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key criticisms of the ethical review process is the time taken to decision, and associated resource use. A key source of delay is that most submissions are required to respond to at least one request for further information or clarification from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). This study audited the request letters of a single Australian public health HREC using content analysis. Twenty-four submissions were analysed, including 355 individual request elements. Most submissions received a single request letter. There was a mean number of 14.2 (SD = 5.5) elements per letter for the first request and a mean of 2.1 (SD = 1.2) for subsequent requests. Administrative errors were the most common source of request for further information, occurring in all submissions. The second most common theme was the content of the Participant Information and Consent Form, occurring in 79% of submissions. Other common themes, present in over 50% of submissions, concerned: data collection and study procedures; general ethical considerations; recruitment and consent; site, setting or patient pool; research design and methodology; and data management and security. In terms of the general purpose of the HREC comments, 44% were direct corrections or specific requests for changes, 42% were asking for more information or clarification of existing information, and 14% were the HREC expressing concerns about an element of the study, without directly suggesting a change. Overall, the study provides some evidence to show that the quality of the submission (ensuring correct attachments, up to date documents, clear information etc.) could account for a significant proportion of the burden and delay associated with ethical review.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"19 1","pages":"346 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82683717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Ethics in global research: Creating a toolkit to support integrity and ethical action throughout the research journey 全球研究中的伦理:创建一个工具包，以支持整个研究过程中的诚信和道德行为

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/1747016121997522

Corinne Reid, C. Calia, Cristóbal Guerra, L. Grant, Matilda Anderson, Khama Chibwana, Paul Kawale, Action Amos

{"title":"Ethics in global research: Creating a toolkit to support integrity and ethical action throughout the research journey","authors":"Corinne Reid, C. Calia, Cristóbal Guerra, L. Grant, Matilda Anderson, Khama Chibwana, Paul Kawale, Action Amos","doi":"10.1177/1747016121997522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016121997522","url":null,"abstract":"Global challenge-led research seeks to contribute to solution-generation for complex problems. Multicultural, multidisciplinary, and multisectoral teams must be capable of operating in highly demanding contexts. This brings with it a swathe of ethical conflicts that require quick and effective solutions that respect both international conventions and cultural diversity. The objective of this article is to describe the process of creating a toolkit designed to support global researchers in navigating these ethical challenges. The process of creating the toolkit embodied the model of ethical research practice that it advocates. Specifically, at the heart of ethical decision-making is consideration of the following: Place, solutions must be relevant to the context in which they are to be used; People, those impacted by the outcomes must be partners in co-creation; Principles, ethical projects must be guided by clear values; and Precedent, the existing evidence-base should guide the project and, in turn, the project should extend the evidence-base. It is the thesis underlying the toolkit that consideration of these 4Ps provides a strong basis for understanding ethical conflicts and allows for the generation of potential solutions. This toolkit has been designed in two phases of collaborative work. More than 200 researchers participated from more than 30 countries and more than 60 different disciplines. This allowed us to develop a model for contextual, dynamic analysis of ethical conflicts in global research that is complementary to traditional codes of ethics. It emphasizes the need to consider ethical analysis as an iterative, reflective, process relevant at all stages of the research journey, including, ultimately, in evaluating the legacy of a project. The toolkit is presented as an open access website to promote universal access. A downloadable “pocket guide” version is also now available in 11 languages.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"359 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87509127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Identifying and addressing nonrational processes in REB ethical decision-making 识别和解决REB伦理决策中的非理性过程

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/1747016121994011

Simon Nuttgens

引用次数: 0

Ethical approval: none sought. How discourse analysts report ethical issues around publicly available online data 伦理认可:无人寻求。话语分析师如何报告围绕公开在线数据的道德问题

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120988767

Wyke J P Stommel, Lynn de Rijk

{"title":"Ethical approval: none sought. How discourse analysts report ethical issues around publicly available online data","authors":"Wyke J P Stommel, Lynn de Rijk","doi":"10.1177/1747016120988767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120988767","url":null,"abstract":"Although ethical guidelines for doing Internet research are available, most prominently those of the Association of Internet Researchers (www.aoir.org), ethical decision-making for research on publicly available, naturally-occurring data remains a major challenge. As researchers might also turn to others to inform their decisions, this article reviews recent research papers on publicly available, online data. Research involving forums such as Facebook pages, Twitter, YouTube, news comments, blogs, etc. is examined to see how authors report ethical considerations and how they quote these data. We included 132 articles published in discourse analysis-oriented journals between January 2017 and February 2020. Roughly one third of the articles (85 out of 132) did not discuss ethical issues, mostly claiming the data were publicly available. Quotations nevertheless tended to be anonymized, although retrievability of posts was generally not taken into account. In those articles in which ethical concerns were reported, related decisions appeared to vary substantially. In most cases it was argued that informed consent was not required. Similarly, approval from research ethics committees was mostly regarded unnecessary. Other ethical issues like consideration of users’ expectations and intentions, freedom of choice, possible harm, sensitive topics, and vulnerable groups were rarely discussed in the articles. We argue for increased attention to ethical issues and legal aspects in discourse analytic articles involving online data beyond mentioning general concerns. Instead, we argue for more involvement of users/participants in ethical decision-making, for consideration of retrievability of posts and for a role for journal editors.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"30 1","pages":"275 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76668221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Unethical governance: capacity legislation and the exclusion of people diagnosed with dementias from research 不道德的治理:能力立法和将诊断为痴呆症的人排除在研究之外

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120982023

J. Fletcher

{"title":"Unethical governance: capacity legislation and the exclusion of people diagnosed with dementias from research","authors":"J. Fletcher","doi":"10.1177/1747016120982023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120982023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the potential for the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) of England and Wales to incentivise the exclusion of people with dementia from research. The MCA is intended to standardise and safeguard the inclusion of people with cognitive impairments in research. This entails various procedural requirements, which in pressurised research contexts can lead researchers to exclude people with dementia as a means of simplifying bureaucratic constraints. I consider the risks of an ‘unethical ethics’, wherein procedural ethics indirectly causes the exclusion of people with dementia from research, undermining historic successes toward increased inclusivity. I suggest several solutions, including enhanced sensitivity to impairments and shifting the burden of proof from justifying inclusion to justifying exclusion. The paper responds to the ‘ethics creep’ tradition in procedural ethics, and critical appraisals of capacity legislation in dementia research. This approach recognises that institutional research ethics is itself a major ethical concern and can unwittingly beget unethical practices. Dementia researchers must be alert to such unethical ethics.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"298 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85153470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Community-based health care providers as research participant recruitment gatekeepers: ethical and legal issues in a real-world case example 社区卫生保健提供者作为研究参与者招募看门人:现实世界案例中的道德和法律问题

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/1747016120980560

Karen L. Celedonia, Michael W. Valenti, Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci, M. Lowery Wilson

引用次数: 2

Ethical and practical considerations in HIV drug trial closure: perspectives of research staff in Uganda 艾滋病毒药物试验结束的伦理和实际考虑:乌干达研究人员的观点

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211030971

Sylivia Nalubega, Karen Cox, H. Mugerwa, C. Evans

{"title":"Ethical and practical considerations in HIV drug trial closure: perspectives of research staff in Uganda","authors":"Sylivia Nalubega, Karen Cox, H. Mugerwa, C. Evans","doi":"10.1177/17470161211030971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211030971","url":null,"abstract":"There is a gap in evidence regarding how research trial closure processes are managed to ensure continuity of HIV care for HIV positive participants following trial closure within low income settings. This research aimed to establish how research staff in Uganda understood and practised post-trial care for HIV positive trial participants. A grounded theory study was conducted using in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions with 22 research staff from three different trials in Uganda. The results indicated that researchers engaged in three main activities to support trial participants, including: (i) preparing for post-trial care, which included instituting trial closure guidelines, planning necessary resources, and informing trial participants about post-trial care; (ii) facilitating participants during trial exit by engaging in psychological and practical support activities and (iii) providing follow up care and support for participants after trial exit, to respond to the needs of trial participants which often arose after trial exit. This study established a need for a holistic approach to post-trial-care of HIV positive trial participants in Uganda, and the need to engage multiple stakeholders including ethics authorities.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"74 7 1","pages":"423 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84131596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0