Research Ethics最新文献_第8页

A critical self-reflexive account of a privileged researcher in a complicated setting: Kakuma refugee camp 一个在复杂环境下的特权研究者的批判性自我反思:卡库马难民营

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211037386

Neil Bilotta

引用次数: 3

A phenomenographic study of scientists’ beliefs about the causes of scientists’ research misconduct 科学家对科学家科研不端行为原因的信念的现象研究

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211042658

Aidan C. Cairns, Caleb L. Linville, Tyler Garcia, B. Bridges, Scott Tanona, J. Herington, James T. Laverty

{"title":"A phenomenographic study of scientists’ beliefs about the causes of scientists’ research misconduct","authors":"Aidan C. Cairns, Caleb L. Linville, Tyler Garcia, B. Bridges, Scott Tanona, J. Herington, James T. Laverty","doi":"10.1177/17470161211042658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211042658","url":null,"abstract":"When scientists act unethically, their actions can cause harm to participants, undermine knowledge creation, and discredit the scientific community. Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training is one of the main ways institutions try to prevent scientists from acting unethically. However, this only addresses the problem if scientists value the training, and if the problem stems from ignorance. This study looks at what scientists think causes unethical behavior in science, with the hopes of improving RCR training by shaping it based on the views of the targeted audience (n = 14 scientists). Previous studies have surveyed scientists about what they believe causes unethical behavior using pre-defined response items. This study uses a qualitative research methodology to elicit scientists’ beliefs without predefining the range of responses. The data for this phenomenographic study were collected from interviews which presented ethical case studies and asked subjects how they would respond to those situations. Categories and subcategories were created to organize their reasonings. This work will inform the development of future methods for preventing unethical behavior in research.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"22 1","pages":"501 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74448076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

‘Grey areas’: ethical challenges posed by social media-enabled recruitment and online data collection in cross-border, social science research “灰色地带”:在跨境社会科学研究中，社交媒体招聘和在线数据收集带来的道德挑战

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211045557

Sara Bamdad, D. Finaughty, Sarah E. Johns

{"title":"‘Grey areas’: ethical challenges posed by social media-enabled recruitment and online data collection in cross-border, social science research","authors":"Sara Bamdad, D. Finaughty, Sarah E. Johns","doi":"10.1177/17470161211045557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211045557","url":null,"abstract":"Are social science, cross-border research projects, where recruitment and data collection are carried out remotely (e.g. through social media and online platforms), required to follow similar ethical and data-sharing procedures as ‘on-the-ground’ studies that use traditional means of recruitment and participant engagement? This article reflects on our experience of dealing with this question when we (multi-national but UK based researchers) had to switch to online data collection due to the restrictions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the inability to travel or work in person with local communities and collaborators. Using social media platforms and online data collection when conducting research brings many advantages, such as being able to communicate remotely but directly with gatekeepers and collaborators, and in reaching potential participants on a global scale. However, neither the guidelines and advice for conducting ethically sound internet-based research, nor the academic literature focussed on building equitable research partnerships between the Global North and the Global South, offer much information regarding the ethical concerns, or address the grey areas, posed by this type of digital and distanced transnational research. In our experience, conducting research remotely made negotiations of access very challenging due to the politics of positionality between Global North and South researchers, lack of clarity on ethical processes and (mis)perceptions of gatekeepers who we could not meet in person. We hope the reflections on, and discussion of, our experience encourage deliberation on the present ethical challenges posed by online and social-media-disseminated data collection, particularly in cross-border circumstances.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"2015 1","pages":"24 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73463810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Reshaping the review of consent so we might improve participant choice 重塑对同意的审查，这样我们就可以改善参与者的选择

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211043703

H. Davies

{"title":"Reshaping the review of consent so we might improve participant choice","authors":"H. Davies","doi":"10.1177/17470161211043703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211043703","url":null,"abstract":"Consent is one necessary foundation for ethical research and it’s one of the research ethics committee’s major roles to ensure that the consent process meets acceptable standards. Although on Oxford ‘A’ REC (an NHS Research Ethics Committee based in the UK) we’ve been impressed by the thought and work put into this aspect of research ethics, we’ve continued to have concerns about the suitability and effectiveness of consent processes in supporting decision making, particularly for clinical trials. There’s poor understanding of what people want to help them decide; current processes don’t provide the best grounding for informed consent and there’s inadequate public involvement. We’ve also found a lack of proportionality with researchers failing to adapt consent procedures in proportion to the burdens and consequences of the study. As a result, people are often not best helped to make an informed choice when asked to join a research study. To address these concerns, we considered how we might improve this aspect of research ethics review. Recognising the central importance of the dialogue between the volunteer and researcher, we’ve drawn up a model or flowchart of what we deem good consent practice, proposing consent should be built around four simple steps: Step 1: Introducing the study and the choices: helping the potential participants get an overview of the proposal and introducing the key issues. Step 2: Explaining all the details of the study using the detailed Participant Information Sheet. Step 3: After a gap, if necessary, reviewing and checking understanding. Step 4: Reaching agreement and recording consent. These steps, we believe, could help all involved and this article lays out ways we might improve participant choice while complying with accepted principles and current regulations.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"47 1","pages":"3 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80581191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Recruiting pupils for a school-based eye study in Nigeria: Trust and informed consent concerns 尼日利亚为学校眼科研究招募学生:信任和知情同意问题

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211045772

F. Maduka-Okafor, O. Okoye, N. Oguego, N. Udeh, A. Aghaji, O. Okoye, I. Ezegwui, E. Nwobi, E. Ezugwu, E. Onwasigwe, R. Umeh, Chiamaka Aneji

{"title":"Recruiting pupils for a school-based eye study in Nigeria: Trust and informed consent concerns","authors":"F. Maduka-Okafor, O. Okoye, N. Oguego, N. Udeh, A. Aghaji, O. Okoye, I. Ezegwui, E. Nwobi, E. Ezugwu, E. Onwasigwe, R. Umeh, Chiamaka Aneji","doi":"10.1177/17470161211045772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211045772","url":null,"abstract":"School-based research presents ethical challenges, especially with respect to informed consent. The manner in which pupils and their parents respond to an invitation to participate in research is likely to depend on several factors, including the level of trust between them and the researchers. This paper describes our recruitment and consent process for a school-based eye study in Nigeria. In the course of our study, a particular governmental incident helped to fuel public mistrust in governmental programs and posed a potential threat to our recruitment efforts. The recruitment and consent process included series of advocacy visits to stakeholders in the education sector, highly interactive briefing and health talk sessions in schools, use of telephone services as a medium for information dissemination, age-appropriate study information, parental consent, and pupil assent. Of the 6598 pupils provided with study information, 5723 returned parental consent forms. There were 69 cases of pupils who dissented despite having parental consent. The two leading concerns for the parents/guardians were the rumors regarding a military/governmental-sponsored health campaign and the side-effects of the dilating eye-drops. Nevertheless, our high level of recruitment suggests our recruitment and consent process was successful in assuaging fears for the vast majority of pupils and their parents.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"61 1","pages":"13 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87399274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Research integrity: emphasising our commitment 研究诚信:强调我们的承诺

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211028740

S. Nicholls

引用次数: 1

Evaluating the prospects for university-based ethical governance in artificial intelligence and data-driven innovation 评估人工智能和数据驱动创新中基于大学的伦理治理的前景

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211022790

C. Hine

{"title":"Evaluating the prospects for university-based ethical governance in artificial intelligence and data-driven innovation","authors":"C. Hine","doi":"10.1177/17470161211022790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211022790","url":null,"abstract":"There has been considerable debate around the ethical issues raised by data-driven technologies such as artificial intelligence. Ethical principles for the field have focused on the need to ensure that such technologies are used for good rather than harm, that they enshrine principles of social justice and fairness, that they protect privacy, respect human autonomy and are open to scrutiny. While development of such principles is well advanced, there is as yet little consensus on the mechanisms appropriate for ethical governance in this field. This paper examines the prospects for the university ethics committee to undertake effective review of research conducted on data-driven technologies in the university context. Challenges identified include: the relatively narrow focus of university-based ethical review on the human subjects research process and lack of capacity to anticipate downstream impacts; the difficulties of accommodating the complex interplay of academic and commercial interests in the field; and the need to ensure appropriate expertise from both specialists and lay voices. Overall, the challenges identified sharpen appreciation of the need to encourage a joined-up and effective system of ethical governance that fosters an ethical culture rather than replacing ethical reflection with bureaucracy.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"464 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75229500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The use of confidentiality and anonymity protections as a cover for fraudulent fieldwork data 利用保密和匿名保护作为欺诈实地调查数据的掩护

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211018257

M. V. Dougherty

{"title":"The use of confidentiality and anonymity protections as a cover for fraudulent fieldwork data","authors":"M. V. Dougherty","doi":"10.1177/17470161211018257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211018257","url":null,"abstract":"Qualitative fieldwork research on sensitive topics sometimes requires that interviewees be granted confidentiality and anonymity. When qualitative researchers later publish their findings, they must ensure that any statements obtained during fieldwork interviews cannot be traced back to the interviewees. Given these protections to interviewees, the integrity of the published findings cannot usually be verified or replicated by third parties, and the scholarly community must trust the word of qualitative researchers when they publish their results. This trust is fundamentally abused, however, when researchers publish articles reporting qualitative fieldwork data that they never collected. Using only publicly available information, I argue that a 2017 article in an Elsevier foreign policy and international relations journal presents anonymised fieldwork interviews that could not have occurred as described. As an exercise in post-publication peer review (PPPR), this paper examines the evidence that calls into question the reliability of the putative fieldwork quotations. I show further that the 2017 article is not a unique case. The anonymity and confidentiality protections common in some areas of research create an ethical problem: the protections necessary for obtaining research data can be used as a cover to hide substandard research practices as well as research misconduct.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"22 1","pages":"480 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75286834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Negotiating the practicalities of informed consent in the field with children and young people: learning from social science researchers 与儿童和年轻人协商实地知情同意的可行性:向社会科学研究人员学习

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211014941

G. Sherwood, S. Parsons

{"title":"Negotiating the practicalities of informed consent in the field with children and young people: learning from social science researchers","authors":"G. Sherwood, S. Parsons","doi":"10.1177/17470161211014941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211014941","url":null,"abstract":"The real-world navigation of ethics-in-practice versus the bureaucracy of institutional ethics remains challenging. This is especially true for research with children and young people who may be considered vulnerable by the policies and procedures of ethics committees but agentic by researchers. Greater transparency is needed about how this tension is navigated in practice to provide confidence and effective strategies for social researchers, including those new to the field, for negotiating informed consent. Twenty-three social science researchers with a range of experience were interviewed about their practices for gaining informed consent from children and young people in social research and the development of their ‘ethics in practice’ over time. Main themes focused on navigating ethics protocols within institutions, practices to prepare for data collection, and a critical evaluation of the resources that can be applied to gaining consent and managing relationships. A range of methods and concrete steps that address ethical challenges are outlined to illustrate what can be done in practice to achieve authentic consent and appropriate participation.","PeriodicalId":38096,"journal":{"name":"Research Ethics","volume":"190 1","pages":"448 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86731662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Towards an Ọmọlúàbí code of research ethics: Applying a situated, participant-centred virtue ethics framework to fieldwork with disadvantaged populations in diverse cultural settings 建立Ọmọlúàbí研究伦理准则:将一个以参与者为中心的美德伦理框架应用于不同文化背景下弱势群体的实地调查

IF 1.7

Research Ethics Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/17470161211010863

Bukola Oyinloye

引用次数: 6