Current Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring molecular, morphological, and biochemical diversity of Phaeolus vulgaris landraces cultivated in the Aniene Valley (Lazio region, Italy)","authors":"Enrica Alicandri ,&nbsp;Anna Rita Paolacci ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Coluccia ,&nbsp;Martina Marcomeni ,&nbsp;Paola Taviani ,&nbsp;Mario Ciaffi","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cultivation of common beans has long been integral to rural economies in Italy, particularly in mountainous regions along the Apennine ridge, where the production focuses on local landraces grown by smallholder farmers using low-input methodologies. However, recent socioeconomic changes in rural communities pose a threat of genetic erosion to these landraces. This study examines the genetic diversity, structure, and uniqueness of common bean landraces in the Aniene Valley of the Lazio region to develop preservation strategies. Seventy-three accessions were investigated using morphological (seed traits), biochemical (phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin patterns), and molecular (microsatellite loci) analyses. These analyses revealed significant genetic variability within morphologically uniform seed materials and highlighted cases of homonymy and the inadvertent introduction of foreign genetic material. Among the 292 samples analyzed (four per accession), a clear differentiation between Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools was observed, with the Andean pool being predominant. Despite high levels of homozygosity and uniform seed morphotypes, genetic variability was detected in sixteen of the twenty-one landraces, suggesting that analyzing only a single or few plants per landrace may yield incomplete genetic information. The extensive morphological, biochemical, and genetic characterization of the <em>P. vulgaris</em> collection from the Aniene Valley provides insights for planning effective conservation strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of both in situ/on-farm and ex-situ conservation to preserve the genetic diversity and heritage of these local landraces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000562/pdfft?md5=86e8ea88a4d2be54e55f39cf896d0cb8&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000562-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a biostimulant enriched in betalain degradation products on ROS signaling, proline accumulation, and phytohormone homeostasis","authors":"Noemi Gatti ,&nbsp;Graziella Serio ,&nbsp;Carla Gentile ,&nbsp;Cinzia M. Bertea ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mannino","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the potential of a biostimulant derived from <em>Selenicereus undatus</em> peel waste and enriched in betalain degradation products (BDP), to influence <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> seedling development. Notably, lower BDP concentrations enhanced seedling development, while higher dosages exhibited adverse effects. Assessment of mitochondrial activity in both seeds and purified organelles showed that the tested biostimulant did not affect mitochondrial activity or integrity, highlighting its independence from mitochondrial performance. Mechanistically, BDP-enriched biostimulant modulated ROS-signaling, diminishing H₂O₂ by regulating the enzymatic activity and gene expression of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GR. Particularly, analyzing their different isoform via qRT-PCR, the primary cellular compartment where detoxification occurred were identified. Furthermore, biostimulant was able to influence proline-accumulation, altering both the expression of metabolism (<em>PC5S</em>, <em>P5CR</em> and <em>OAT</em>) and catabolism (<em>PDH</em> and <em>P5CDH</em>) related genes. Finally, the BDP-enriched biostimulant altered phytohormone levels, mainly affecting ABA/ABA-glu, tZea/tZea-rib, and tZea/IAA. Concerning GAs, the increase in GA4 and GA7 suggested an involvement of GA13ox, a hypothesis encouraged by qRT-PCR analysis. In summary, this study underscores the potential of BDP-based biostimulant as sustainable promoters of plant growth, influencing critical regulatory pathways during germination. Further research is necessary to explore their extensive applications in agricultural practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000550/pdfft?md5=1e998df9e096416c57b5dd4c7e0b42b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000550-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic bacterium Sphingomonas panaciterrae NB5 influences soil properties and improves growth, nutrient contents, and yield of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.)","authors":"Razia Sultana ,&nbsp;Shah Mohammad Naimul Islam ,&nbsp;Sourav Biswas Shuvo ,&nbsp;Gazi Md. Adnan Ehsan ,&nbsp;Prinon Saha ,&nbsp;Md. Mustafijur Rahman Khan ,&nbsp;Nishat Rumman","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are crucial for enhancing plant growth and restoring soil health. Despite the excellent plant growth promoting traits, information is limited on the efficacy of <em>Sphingomonas</em> as a PGPR, especially in vegetable crops. In this study, we used <em>Sphingomonas panaciterrae</em> NB5 as a biofertilizer in leafy vegetable red amaranth in three methods: seed priming (SP), root drenching + foliar (RD + FA), and bacterial culture filtrate (BCF) foliar application. Bio-inoculation of NB5 significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, total chlorophyll, vitamin C, and antioxidant contents of red amaranth in all methods of application. Bacterial treatment resulted in notable alterations to the root structure, consisting of the formation of secondary, tertiary, and fibrous roots, particularly in the BCF foliar application and RD + FA treatment.The fresh and dry biomass significantly increased both in root and shoot, resulting in improved yield. The nutritional profile revealed that bacterial application significantly increased the nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, iron, and zinc content, with a slight increase in phosphorus content, in shoots and roots in all the methods of bacterial application compared to control. In post-harvest soil, NB5 boosted total nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, and sulfur, as well as soil organic carbon (SOM) and total bacterial populations, regardless of the application methods. The RD+FA treatment outperformed the other methods of application in most of the plant and soil parameters, and the next was the BCF foliar application. Multivariate analysis also confirmed the better performance of RD+ FA and BCF foliar applications. Therefore, simultaneous application of NB5 through root drenching and foliar application could be recommended to the farmers for increasing the yield of red amaranth with improved nutrients and restoring soil health and productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000549/pdfft?md5=5a7946e239cddc8f15b575817c115aca&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000549-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive genomic screening and expression profiling of trihelix family in pearl millet under abiotic stresses with emphasis on functional insights of PgTHX24","authors":"Jeky Chanwala ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Jha ,&nbsp;Tsheten Sherpa ,&nbsp;Khushbu Kumari ,&nbsp;Preeti Barla ,&nbsp;Abhimanyu Das ,&nbsp;Nrisingha Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The trihelix transcription factors (THX TFs) play a crucial role in light responses and are involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we have identified 35 trihelix TFs in pearl millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em>), which is one of the most widely grown C₄ cereal crops in tropical semi-arid regions. Identified PgTHXs (Trihelix members of <em>P. glaucum</em>) were classified into 5 subgroups (GT1, GT2, GTγ, SH4, and SIP1) based on phylogenetic analysis, and these subgroup members shared similar gene structure and motif distribution pattern. Collinearity analysis exhibited gene duplication events of trihelix family members in pearl millet across the genome. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis of <em>PgTHX</em>s suggested their involvement in diverse biological and molecular functions associated with plant growth, development, and stress responses. RNA sequencing data and expression profile displayed differential expression patterns of <em>PgTHX</em>s under abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. The induced expression pattern of the <em>PgTHX4</em>, <em>PgTHX5</em>, <em>PgTHX24,</em> and <em>PgTHX30</em> suggested their potential involvement in abiotic stress responses through phytohormonal signalling pathways. Among these, <em>PgTHX24</em>, a GT-3b member, was localized in the nucleus with self-transactivation ability. Overexpression of <em>PgTHX24</em> positively regulated expression of stress-related markers in transformed pearl millet calli under drought stress conditions. Promoter activity analysis also highlighted the stress-inducible nature of <em>PgTHX24</em>’s promoter. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of <em>PgTHX</em>s with a framework for further functional characterization to understand their regulatory role in pearl millet’s growth, development, and stress responses.</p></div><div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Thirty-five trihelix TFs were identified in pearl millet, and a comprehensive expression profile highlighted their functional diversity. Overexpression of <em>PgTHX24</em> exhibited its potential involvement in abiotic stress responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000537/pdfft?md5=80b9bac6adc4ae0d5cd00ffbc72b9070&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000537-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of gene expression signature for drought stress response in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using machine learning approach","authors":"Bahman Panahi,&nbsp;Saber Golkari","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.) is an important cereal crop, playing a pivotal role in global agriculture and food systems. Drought has a significant impact on barley growth and yield productivity. In the current study, core drought stress responsive genes were investigated using an integrative approach. First, we determined the core differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in multiple RNA-seq experiments using a p-value combination approach. Then, machine learning approaches including four weighting algorithms were harnessed for prioritization and determination of signature genes. Moreover, predictive models were optimized using tree induction and naive Bayes algorithms. Finally, the functional importance of the core DEGs and signature genes and pathways were dissected using gene ontology, KEGG enrichment, and protein-protein interaction network analysis. Results showed that the core DEGs participate in carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, carbon fixation, biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Notably, the C4.5 algorithm, boasting a remarkable 100 % accuracy, pinpointed two genes of particular importance including HORVU.MOREX.R3.1HG0063740, encoding the endo-1, 3–1, 4-beta-D-glucanase, and HORVU.MOREX.R3.1HG0083720, which encodes the bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein. This comprehensive analysis contributes significantly to understanding of the core drought responsive genes and pathways. Moreover, these findings lay the groundwork for further research aimed at developing drought-resistant barley varieties and utilizing predictive models in field screening programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000525/pdfft?md5=072d4d9ed97b105887d42db3f2e1587f&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000525-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using non-equilibrium thermodynamics to model cadmium accumulation by maize","authors":"Christian Moyne ,&nbsp;Pierre Leglize ,&nbsp;Thibault Sterckeman","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many people around the world are overexposed to cadmium through their consumption of plant products. A model predicting Cd content in crops would improve risk assessment and cultural practices. As no such model exists, we evaluated different methods to simulate the root uptake of Cd and its translocation to the aerial parts of maize.</p><p>Using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the Cd flux (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) from one compartment (A) to another (B) was considered to be proportional to the difference in electrochemical potential between the compartments and given by an equation of the type <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mi>ln</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> are constants and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> the actual Cd concentrations in compartments A and B. The compartments considered were rhizosphere solution (Rh), root cortex (Co), xylem sap (X) and aerial tissues. The model was evaluated against the experimental uptake of Cd by maize exposed for 8 h to a constant Cd concentration in the rhizosphere solution.</p><p>The formalism made it possible to describe the flow of Cd from the rhizosphere to the root cortex, with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Rh</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>Co</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 8.7E-11 mol m⁻² s⁻¹ and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Co</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 73. This questions the common use of Michaelis-Menten kinetics to model root absorption over the long term (throughout the cultivation period). In this case, the apparent validity of the Michaelis-Menten uptake kinetics is probably more closely linked to the root growth than to the Cd internalization mechanisms. To take into account the resistance to the ion transport linked to crossing the root cortex, thermodynamic and diffusion formalisms had to be associated, which enabled the prediction of the Cd flux towards xylem, with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 12.48 and a diffusion coefficient <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Co</mi></mrow><","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000513/pdfft?md5=076a4e1b55c8a030ced23ba5fbe9d60b&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000513-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analyses revealed differential gene expression patterns in contrasting rice landraces as a response to acidic or proton toxicity stress","authors":"Ekta ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Panda ,&nbsp;Dev Mani Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acidic soil is harmful for plants and limits its growth. Four different rice landraces of Jharkhand, India, i.e., Jhilli Dhan, Gora Dhan, Desi Lalat Dhan and Khijur Jhopa Dhan were screened physiologically to identify low pH (acid) -sensitive and -tolerant landraces. The contrasting pairs were taken for RNA sequencing and further the data was analysed to elucidate the differential gene expression in rice leaves under different acidic stress conditions (pH 6.5 and pH 4.5). Based on the screening, Jhilli Dhan was identified as the acid-sensitive and Khijur Jhopa Dhan as acid-tolerant variety. Total 149,017,664 raw paired-end reads were generated from four rice samples (two from each variety) with percentage annotation of 99.89 % with the reference genome from RNA sequencing. Total 3617 differentially expressed genes were identified as significantly expressed genes in both the rice landraces. Gene Ontology analysis indicated the enrichment of genes associated to a variety of stimulus and responses to acidic stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes based pathway analysis revealed that studied genes were related primarily to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. Total 58 transcription factor families were differentially expressed that includes AP2-EREBP, bHLH, NAC, MYB, FAR1, and WRKY. Furthermore, 15 significantly expressed genes were validated through qRT-PCR to confirm the expression of these genes under acidic stress. Interestingly, <em>OsCDT3</em> (LOC_Os01g08300<em>), metal cation transporter</em> (LOC_Os03g46454), <em>cysteine rich receptor- like protein kinase 10 precursor</em> (LOC_Os01g38910), <em>calcium transporting ATPase</em> (LOC_Os03g42020), <em>UDP-glucoronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase</em> (LOC_Os02g14540), <em>OsASR5</em> (LOC_Os11g06720) and <em>C2H2 zinc finger family</em> (LOC_Os01g39110) genes were up-regulated by 2.5, 5.2, 3.5, 3.7, 4.5, 2.5 and 4.7 fold, respectively<em>.</em> These genes will prove to be beneficial in developing low-pH (acidic) stress tolerant rice varieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000501/pdfft?md5=1279b0417be7755f185e33685e12230c&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of high PsSAD expression and oleic acid content in defining the Sujata phenotype of Papaver somniferum","authors":"Mridula Singh ,&nbsp;Shiv S. Pandey ,&nbsp;Sucheta Singh ,&nbsp;Prasant K. Rout ,&nbsp;Abdul Samad ,&nbsp;Chandan S. Chanotiya ,&nbsp;Alok Kalra ,&nbsp;Ashutosh K. Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Papaver somniferum</em> L. produces therapeutically-useful alkaloids like morphine, codeine, papaverine, and thebaine that accumulate in the latex of its capsule. Apart from its alkaloids, the edible seeds of the plant have high nutritional value and culinary use, with the seed oil being rich in the health-promoting unsaturated fatty acids. Sujata is low alkaloid-producing latex-less culinary variety of <em>P. somniferum</em> developed from an alkaloid-rich gum harvest parent (Sampada) for curtailing the narcotic menace of morphine and opium (dried latex). Earlier, it has been shown that the expression of stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase (<em>PsSAD</em>) in the young capsule and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds are higher in Sujata as compared to Sampada. Here, we studied bacterial endophytes isolated from Sujata tissues for their role in defining the fatty acid (saturated stearic versus unsaturated oleic) profile in its leaves and seeds. Besides, a potyvirus infecting <em>P. somniferum</em> was characterized through its coat protein gene sequencing and transmission electron microscopy and the two genotypes (Sujata and Sampada) contrasting in their phenotypes (oil/fatty acid, alkaloid and latex profiles) were compared for their susceptibility towards it through indicator plant- and qRT-PCR-based virus infectivity assays. In both the assays, Sujata was found to have higher susceptibility to the potyvirus, as compared to Sampada. The most plausible reason for this could be the higher <em>PsSAD</em> expression in the leaves of Sujata, which resulted in higher relative levels of oleic acid and lower relative levels of stearic acid in its leaves as compared to that of Sampada.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000483/pdfft?md5=47e089a62e51960b51d0a9e177c81807&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoalexin gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana – On the verge of a paradigm shift?","authors":"Ivan Monsalvo,&nbsp;Jie Lin,&nbsp;Nik Kovinich","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytoalexins are plant-specialized metabolites that are biosynthesized <em>de novo</em> in response to pathogens. Their biosynthesis is highly diverse, with different plant lineages biosynthesizing unique molecules. A common notion is that individual plant species produce one type of phytoalexin molecule. Arabidopsis is well known to produce an indole alkaloid phytoalexin, named camalexin, as an important component in its defense against microbial pathogens. However, studies collectively demonstrate that Arabidopsis produces a diverse array of phytoalexin molecules from different branches of primary and specialized metabolism. The signaling proteins that stimulate phytoalexin synthesis are highly conserved in plants, yet each transcription factor that they converge upon has been reported to regulate the biosynthesis of a specific class of phytoalexin metabolite. We have conducted this review because recent studies have demonstrated that homologs of Arabidopsis transcription factors regulate dissimilar phytoalexin biosynthetic pathways in other plant species. These findings challenge the paradigm that each transcription factor has a role in regulating a specific class of specialized metabolite. Here, we review the diverse phytoalexin biosynthetic pathways of Arabidopsis, the transcription factors that regulate them, and recent discoveries on their regulatory mechanisms. We discuss important discoveries in crop plant species that suggest that the Arabidopsis transcription factors WRKY33, ERF1, ANAC042, MYB15, MYB72, and the protein JAZ1, are part of a ‘core’ phytoalexin regulatory network that is conserved, yet regulates distinct phytoalexin pathways in different plant lineages. Finally, we highlight important questions raised by the recent discoveries that, once solved, will provide major advances in our understanding of the evolution of biochemical defenses in plants. Recent evidence demonstrates that these conserved transcription factors can be manipulated to enhance phytoalexin production and pathogen resistance in crop plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000495/pdfft?md5=659774a51d3a660f269d2c7b904fe323&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro morphogenesis and micro-morpho-anatomical developments in Moringa concanensis Nimmo.: An endemic tree of Indian sub-continent","authors":"Nikita Gautam,&nbsp;Priyanka Faroda,&nbsp;Kiran Ameta,&nbsp;Anjali Sharma,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Moringa concanensis</em> Nimmo. is a regionally important and underutilized medicinal tree of the Indian subcontinent. An <em>in vitro</em> morphogenesis protocol for <em>Moringa concanensis</em> has been developed using seedling-derived explants. The cotyledonary node explants were found to be the most suitable exhibiting cent-percent bud break with each regenerating 2.33±0.76 shoots of 1.32±0.69 cm length within 15 days on 1.0 mg/L 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) supplemented modified Murashige and Skoog Medium (MMS) media. The rate of shoot multiplication increased up to 10.17±2.54 shoots/inoculum by sub-culturing of regenerated shoots on 0.5 mg/L BAP along with 0.1 mg/L Indole acetic acid (IAA). The <em>in vitro</em> cloned shoots were rooted using both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>ex-vitro</em> methods by applications of root-inducing auxins, indole butyric acid (IBA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). IBA proved to be more effective and induced roots in all <em>in vitro</em> raised shoots. It produced 17.72±4.83 roots/shoot with 2.12±0.88 cm length on 1/4th strength MMS media fortified with 1.0 mg/L of IBA. <em>Ex vitro</em> rooted plantlets with concurrent acclimatization were achieved by pre-treating shoot bases with IBA at 250 ppm for 5 min. Comparative micro-morpho-anatomical evaluation of leaf and stem revealed differentiation of non-glandular trichomes, anomocytic stomata, and vascular tissue development under applied <em>in vitro</em> conditions, which suggests the survivability of plantlets. Sixty percent of the <em>in vitro</em> regenerated plants survived in the field. It is the foremost report on <em>in vitro</em> morphogenesis of <em>Moringa concanensis</em> protocol using cotyledonary nodal explant and <em>ex vitro</em> rooting method. The tissue culture methods defined and developed can be used for large-scale multiplications of <em>Moringa concanensis</em> as non-conventional approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000471/pdfft?md5=8742c0f103b41d627997cb34213deefd&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}