Current Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Phytoalexin gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana – On the verge of a paradigm shift?","authors":"Ivan Monsalvo,&nbsp;Jie Lin,&nbsp;Nik Kovinich","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytoalexins are plant-specialized metabolites that are biosynthesized <em>de novo</em> in response to pathogens. Their biosynthesis is highly diverse, with different plant lineages biosynthesizing unique molecules. A common notion is that individual plant species produce one type of phytoalexin molecule. Arabidopsis is well known to produce an indole alkaloid phytoalexin, named camalexin, as an important component in its defense against microbial pathogens. However, studies collectively demonstrate that Arabidopsis produces a diverse array of phytoalexin molecules from different branches of primary and specialized metabolism. The signaling proteins that stimulate phytoalexin synthesis are highly conserved in plants, yet each transcription factor that they converge upon has been reported to regulate the biosynthesis of a specific class of phytoalexin metabolite. We have conducted this review because recent studies have demonstrated that homologs of Arabidopsis transcription factors regulate dissimilar phytoalexin biosynthetic pathways in other plant species. These findings challenge the paradigm that each transcription factor has a role in regulating a specific class of specialized metabolite. Here, we review the diverse phytoalexin biosynthetic pathways of Arabidopsis, the transcription factors that regulate them, and recent discoveries on their regulatory mechanisms. We discuss important discoveries in crop plant species that suggest that the Arabidopsis transcription factors WRKY33, ERF1, ANAC042, MYB15, MYB72, and the protein JAZ1, are part of a ‘core’ phytoalexin regulatory network that is conserved, yet regulates distinct phytoalexin pathways in different plant lineages. Finally, we highlight important questions raised by the recent discoveries that, once solved, will provide major advances in our understanding of the evolution of biochemical defenses in plants. Recent evidence demonstrates that these conserved transcription factors can be manipulated to enhance phytoalexin production and pathogen resistance in crop plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000495/pdfft?md5=659774a51d3a660f269d2c7b904fe323&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro morphogenesis and micro-morpho-anatomical developments in Moringa concanensis Nimmo.: An endemic tree of Indian sub-continent","authors":"Nikita Gautam,&nbsp;Priyanka Faroda,&nbsp;Kiran Ameta,&nbsp;Anjali Sharma,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Moringa concanensis</em> Nimmo. is a regionally important and underutilized medicinal tree of the Indian subcontinent. An <em>in vitro</em> morphogenesis protocol for <em>Moringa concanensis</em> has been developed using seedling-derived explants. The cotyledonary node explants were found to be the most suitable exhibiting cent-percent bud break with each regenerating 2.33±0.76 shoots of 1.32±0.69 cm length within 15 days on 1.0 mg/L 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) supplemented modified Murashige and Skoog Medium (MMS) media. The rate of shoot multiplication increased up to 10.17±2.54 shoots/inoculum by sub-culturing of regenerated shoots on 0.5 mg/L BAP along with 0.1 mg/L Indole acetic acid (IAA). The <em>in vitro</em> cloned shoots were rooted using both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>ex-vitro</em> methods by applications of root-inducing auxins, indole butyric acid (IBA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). IBA proved to be more effective and induced roots in all <em>in vitro</em> raised shoots. It produced 17.72±4.83 roots/shoot with 2.12±0.88 cm length on 1/4th strength MMS media fortified with 1.0 mg/L of IBA. <em>Ex vitro</em> rooted plantlets with concurrent acclimatization were achieved by pre-treating shoot bases with IBA at 250 ppm for 5 min. Comparative micro-morpho-anatomical evaluation of leaf and stem revealed differentiation of non-glandular trichomes, anomocytic stomata, and vascular tissue development under applied <em>in vitro</em> conditions, which suggests the survivability of plantlets. Sixty percent of the <em>in vitro</em> regenerated plants survived in the field. It is the foremost report on <em>in vitro</em> morphogenesis of <em>Moringa concanensis</em> protocol using cotyledonary nodal explant and <em>ex vitro</em> rooting method. The tissue culture methods defined and developed can be used for large-scale multiplications of <em>Moringa concanensis</em> as non-conventional approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000471/pdfft?md5=8742c0f103b41d627997cb34213deefd&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging multi-omics and machine learning approaches in malting barley research: From farm cultivation to the final products","authors":"Bahman Panahi ,&nbsp;Nahid Hosseinzadeh Gharajeh ,&nbsp;Hossein Mohammadzadeh Jalaly ,&nbsp;Saber Golkari","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the potential of multi-omics and machine learning approaches in improving our understanding of the malting processes and cultivation systems in barley. The omics approach has been used to explore biomarkers associated with desired sensory characteristics in malting barley, enabling potential applications in specific treatments to modify diastatic power, enzyme activity, color, and aroma compounds. Moreover, the integration of machine learning and multi-omics in malting barley researches has significantly enhanced our knowledge in physiology, cultivation, and processing for more efficient and sustainable production systems in malting barley industry. The integration of cutting-edge machine vision and high-throughput phenotyping technologies has additionally the potential to revolutionize the assessment of physical and biochemical traits in malting barley. In addition, the harnessing of integrative approach to predict consumer acceptability, and assess physicochemical and colorimetric properties of malt extracts has been discussed. Current survey showed that the ML-driven predictive maintenance is revolutionizing the barley malting industry by not only enhancing equipment performance but also minimizing operational costs and reducing unplanned downtime. This knowledge not only promises advancements but also opens avenues for future researches in malting barley industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000446/pdfft?md5=e51eaaa48d868fccb5841bfa8848777c&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000446-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper level and cross hierarchical regulation of predominantly expressed phenolic genes in maize","authors":"Ankita Abnave ,&nbsp;Jerrin John ,&nbsp;Erich Grotewold ,&nbsp;Andrea I. Doseff ,&nbsp;John Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is strong interest in deciphering the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that govern plant specialized metabolism to assist in plant breeding. Here, we investigated the GRN governing phenolic biosynthesis pathways from which ∼ 8000 secondary metabolites are derived in plants. Previously it was established that 19 predominantly expressed phenolic (PEP) genes in maize are sufficient to explain &gt;70 % of the metabolic flux through the core phenylpropanoid, monolignol, and flavonoid branches of this pathway. A yeast-1-hybrid (Y1H) gene centric screening approach was employed to discover upper level (tier 2, 3, and 4) regulators of maize PEP genes. These regulators were further examined by co-expression analyses, and a subset of protein-DNA interactions (PDIs) validated <em>in vivo</em> by ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays in maize protoplasts. This study reveals a comprehensive GRN composed of 429 PDIs that exhibits hubs with high connectivity and cross hierarchical regulation of PEP genes in different branches of the pathway. The core GRN includes TFs that are conserved in other plant species and that are implicated in phenolic gene regulation including ZmMYB40/53/100, ZmMADS9, and ZmWD40.1/PAC1. The GRN also includes conserved TFs (<em>e.g.,</em> ZmC3H9, ZmHB20/79, ZmNAC103/123, ZmMYB19/26, ZmMYBR87, ZmDOF3, ZmbZIP67, ZmTCP30, and ZmbHLH128) which indicate that maize PEP genes are developmentally regulated but also fall under the control of biotic and abiotic stress signals. Together, the maize PEP GRN provides a complex regulatory mechanism that has evolved to coordinately regulate many phenolic genes in response to multiple internal and external signals and can guide efforts aimed at manipulating phenolic levels in plants towards targeted breeding improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221466282400046X/pdfft?md5=f9ef3deb515ceb8a8a2fb07e8054ad07&pid=1-s2.0-S221466282400046X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro plant regeneration and bioactive metabolite production of endangered medicinal plant Fritillaria cirrhosa","authors":"Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengyuan Xing ,&nbsp;Hongyan Su ,&nbsp;Jianghang Wang ,&nbsp;Yaodong Qi ,&nbsp;Mengfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bulb of <em>Fritillaria cirrhosa</em> D. Don is widely used for the anti-asthmatic, anti-tussive, and anti-cancer agents, etc., while the yield is limited by an endangered status, a long juvenile phase, and restricted growth habitat. Ancillary approaches to improve the bulb yield by micropropagation and bioactive metabolites production by bioreactor have not been established. Here is reported the plant regeneration, suspension cell culture, and bioactive metabolite production at different treatments. The embryogenic calli were successfully induced via the histomorphological identification. The highest proliferation times (4.11-fold) were observed with a select combination of hormones [NAA (0.2 mg/L) + 6-BA (1.0 mg/L) + GA₃ (1.0 mg/L)] and culture conditions (red light and 20 °C), the highest content of imperialine (0.13 mg/g) was observed under blue light, total phenolic (0.52 mg/g) under red light, polysaccharides (36.57 mg/g) and total flavonoids (2.67 mg/g) as well as antioxidant capacity under white light. The plantlets were regenerated within 125 d from the induced embryogenic calli to acclimation and transplantation of seedlings. For the suspension cell culture, a 6.30-, 1.78-, 1.37-, and 1.51-fold increase of proliferation times, imperialine, polysaccharides, and total phenolic contents was observed at 40 d, respectively. Based on the above observations, an effective and complete <em>in vitro</em> approach has been proposed to regenerate plants and produce bioactive metabolites in <em>F. cirrhosa</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000458/pdfft?md5=0ee3d8d6ccc87da7348595b82e36de61&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000458-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome and widely metabolomic analysis reveal hormones and sugar signaling pathways contribute to the normal growth of seeds in young Picea neoveitchii Mast. trees","authors":"Kaiyuan Li ,&nbsp;Ninghan Xue ,&nbsp;Songlin Jiang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Azher Nawaz ,&nbsp;Wenli Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abnormal seed growth is a problem in <em>Picea neoveitchii</em> Mast. in China that threatens the existence of this evergreen coniferous tree. However, the degree of abnormal seed growth varies in different age groups; regrettably, the causes behind abnormal seed growth at different ages are totally unclear. Thus, we compared the seeds of two ages: Gansu (GS) province, a 50-year-old tree (GS50), and a 300-year-old tree (GS300). Results indicated that 22187 unigenes were commonly found in both groups, whereas 5328 and 6079 unigenes were uniquely found in GS50 and GS300, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 5129 differentially expressed unigenes were identified between GS50 and GS300, with 2431 upregulated and 2698 downregulated. On the basis of Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were further selected for their potential involvement in seed growth at both ages. A wide-targeted metabolomics-based approach using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to study the difference between GS50 and GS300. The results showed that there were 35 different metabolites in total being detected, mainly amino acids and sugars. Subsequently, GS50 revealed the highest number of normal seeds and the lowest number of abnormal seeds in comparison with GS300 by improving endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and gibberellic acid 3 (GA₃) contents and reducing methyl jasmonate (JA-me), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroid (BR) contents. Our research provides important evidence on the growth of seeds in different age groups of trees that might help improve seed growth in old trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000434/pdfft?md5=3268208c543cf301a65ed67aa3933b28&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics and evidence for an unusual polyamine oxidation pathway in aquatic duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza L.)","authors":"Rakesh K. Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Jonathan Shao ,&nbsp;Grace E. Roberts ,&nbsp;Autar K. Mattoo","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyamines (PA) cellular levels are maintained through a balance between synthesis and catabolism, achieved by two classes of enzymes polyamine oxidases (PAOs) and copper amine oxidases (CuAO). Here we investigated the occurrence, molecular evolution and role(s) of PAOs and CuAO gene families in aquatic duckweed and their comparison with other aquatic plants -sea eelgrass, bladderwort, and Lotus. We identified eight <em>bona fide</em> PAO genes (<em>SpPAO1–SpPAO8</em>) and one <em>SpCuAO1</em> in the greater duckweed genome from three genome assemblies. Interestingly, duckweed PAO genes increased their number through a tandem duplication event, while contrary to this CuAO genes were significantly lost to a single gene <em>SpCuAO1</em>. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that tandemly duplicated <em>SpPAO2–7</em> share close similarity to well-known terminal catabolism (TC) pathway PAO genes while <em>SpPAO1</em> and <em>SpPAO8</em> seem to segregate along with back conversion (BC) participating known PAO genes<em>,</em> suggesting that all tandem duplicated PAOs are involved in TC pathway which is contrary to known trend in land plants where CuAOs are mainly involved in TC pathway. Comparative transcript abundance studies indicated that all eight PAOs and one CuAO gene respond to multiple stresses and principal component analysis identifies <em>SpPAO4</em> as a highly active gene in response to multiple stresses. Results showed that oxidation of higher polyamines (SPD/SPM) through the TC pathway is diversified in duckweeds. Taken together this study reveals unique insights into the genomic losses and gains of polyamine metabolism possibly involved in achieving the structural and physiological adaptations required for aquatic lifestyle of duckweeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000410/pdfft?md5=157b38d3bb6644527023b07fb7511765&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000410-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinosteroid-induced transcriptomic rearrangements unveiled the physiological mechanism of chromium stress tolerance in Brassica napus","authors":"Xiaofen Wu ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;Fakhir Hannan ,&nbsp;Tongjun Qin ,&nbsp;Ahsan Ayyaz ,&nbsp;Jiali Ma ,&nbsp;Habib Ur Rehman Athar ,&nbsp;Zafar Ullah Zafar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahsan Farooq ,&nbsp;Weijun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brassinosteroid (BR), a plant hormone regulating growth, development, and stress responses, emerges as a promising tool for maintaining agricultural production under abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq profiling and morpho-physiological analysis to investigate the molecular cross-talk involved in 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) mediating alleviation of chromium (Cr) stress. EBR inhibited Cr accumulation and reversed Cr-induced phytotoxicity, thereby promoting plant growth. The photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence <em>a</em>, electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were significantly higher in EBR+Cr treated plants compared to Cr alone. EBR application facilitated the recovery from Cr-induced structural deformities, including the disintegration of cell walls and membranes. Furthermore, under Cr stress, EBR application reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and accumulation. The levels of glutathione reductase (GR) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were notably higher in plants subjected to EBR application following Cr stress. In addition, we established a transcriptomic database comprising 2345 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1255 upregulated and 1090 downregulated) as a result of EBR application under Cr stress. The transcriptome analysis unveiled key DEGs and the associated pathways, emphasizing the importance of defense responses, genes encoding photosystem I and II, jasmonate signaling, aquaporins, ABC transporters, and cell wall biogenesis-related genes in the response of EBR to Cr stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000422/pdfft?md5=d6bb57217c3804c28ccb7d4682f16d22&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000422-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and hormonal analysis of darkness-induced adventitious rooting of Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang during in vitro propagation","authors":"Yuping Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Junyu Liu ,&nbsp;Jianrong Li ,&nbsp;Zhan Bian ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Xinhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Songjun Zeng ,&nbsp;Guohua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Euryodendron excelsum</em> H. T. Chang, a rare and endangered evergreen tree that is endemic to China. The micropropagation system of this species has been established, but some challenges associated with <em>in vitro</em> rooting remained to be improved. In this study, the <em>in vitro</em> rooting of <em>E. excelsum</em> plantlets were optimized by dark exposure, and the network of gene expression and endogenous hormones levels during dark-induced adventitious root (AR) formation were revealed. AR formation of <em>E. excelsum</em> plantlets were significantly promoted by dark exposure, especially by dark exposure for 15 d. In the stems of <em>E. excelsum</em> plantlets under the treatment of dark exposure for 15 d, lower level of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid 1 (GA₁), isopentenyladenine (IP), isopentenyladenosine (IPA) and zeatin (ZT), as well as higher level of GA₇, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), promoted the whole course of AR formation. The higher level of trans-zeatin riboside (TZR) and T-zeatin (TZT) promoted the elongation of dark-induced AR, while higher level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) stimulated the process of AR primordia formation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in hormone biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis participated in the regulation of dark-induced AR development. The weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis identified five modules that had highly correlation with phytohormone contents, and numerous hub genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were revealed. Those result will provide technical reference for <em>in vitro</em> rooting of woody species, and promote biological conservation and genetic engineering of rare and endangered species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000355/pdfft?md5=fc82457e7d910241bb0af92a757aa6f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triangle area model (TAM) for predicting germination: An approach to enhance hydrothermal time model applications","authors":"Mostafa Oveisi ,&nbsp;Hassan Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Sassan A. Lorestani ,&nbsp;Aboozar Esmaili ,&nbsp;Nasrin Sadeghnejad ,&nbsp;Ramin Piri ,&nbsp;Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar ,&nbsp;Heinz Müller-Schärer","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thorough examination of assumptions in hydrothermal time models revealed areas for enhancing model performance. We introduce the Triangle Area Model (<em>TAM</em>), which uses the area of right-angled triangles to calculate hydrothermal time for predicting population germination fractions (<em>g</em>). TAM is characterized by its depiction of triangles, considering insightful parameters such as the distance of germination temperature (<em>T</em>) to the base (<em>T</em>_<em>b</em>), optimal (<em>T</em>_<em>o</em>), and ceiling (<em>T</em>_<em>c</em>) temperatures, the range of <em>T</em>_<em>c</em> – <em>T</em>_<em>o</em>, <em>T</em>_<em>o</em> – <em>T</em>_<em>b</em>, and the germination water potential (<em>Ψ</em>), i.e. mean base water potential (<em>Ψ</em>_{<em>b(g)</em>}), along with potential <em>g</em> that may occur with <em>T</em> and <em>Ψ</em> combinations within <em>T</em>_<em>c</em> – <em>T</em>_<em>b</em> when <em>Ψ &gt; Ψ</em>_{<em>b(g)</em>}. Applied to germination data from <em>Ambrosia psilostachya</em> L., <em>Cynanchum acutum</em> L., and <em>Bidens pilosa</em> L., <em>TAM</em> achieves an <em>RMSE</em> of 0.03 for <em>A. psilostachya</em> and <em>C. acutum</em>, and 0.05 for <em>B. pilosa</em>. Moreover, <em>TAM</em> demonstrates an <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> of 0.96, 0.97, and 0.98 for the respective species. <em>TAM</em> significantly outperforms earlier models through a comparison with varying <em>T</em> and <em>Ψ</em>. <em>TAM</em> determined <em>T</em>_<em>b</em> for <em>A. psilostachya</em>, <em>C. acutum</em>, and <em>B. pilosa</em> as 0.19, 14.57, and 5.76 <em>°C</em>; <em>T</em>_<em>o</em> as 25.1, 39.9, and 29.8 <em>°C</em>; and <em>T</em>_<em>c</em> as 46.7, 53, and 41<em>°C</em>, for the respective species. It also estimates <em>Ψ</em>_{<em>b(g)</em>} as -1<em>.</em>48 for <em>A. psilostachya</em>, -0.98 for <em>C. acutum</em>, and -0.97 for <em>B. pilosa</em>. The <em>TAM</em> approach deepens our understanding of temperature-moisture processes influencing plant survival, colonization, and habitat expansion for these three invasive alien species. Furthermore, it can be more widely applied for estimating <em>TT</em> and <em>HTT</em> across different growth stages, enhancing the prediction accuracy of plant phenological development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000380/pdfft?md5=34369970302e1e88618fe72ff3297350&pid=1-s2.0-S2214662824000380-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}