Current Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Natural variation in HD10.1 promoter causing delayed heading date in rice","authors":"Ruoju Yang ,&nbsp;Ying Bian ,&nbsp;Zhengjiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Zhang ,&nbsp;Junyi Gong ,&nbsp;Jiongjiong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heading date is a critical agronomic trait in rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.). Utilizing chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with the <em>indica</em> cultivar “Huanghuazhan” (HHZ) as the recipient parent and “Basmati Surkh 89–15” (BAS) as the donor parent, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) regulating heading date, designated as <em>HD10.1</em>. In this study, we characterized a functionally defective allele of <em>HD10.1</em>^<em>BAS</em>, a novel allele of <em>Ehd1</em>. The divergence in the promoter region between <em>HD10.1</em>^<em>BAS</em> and <em>HD10.1</em>^<em>HHZ</em> results in reduced transcriptional expression of <em>HD10.1</em>^<em>BAS</em> in NIL-<em>HD10.1</em>^<em>BAS</em>, leading to a delay in heading by approximately 10 days compared to NIL-<em>HD10.1</em>^<em>HHZ</em> under long-day conditions. An insertion-deletion (InDel) within the <em>HD10.1</em>^<em>BAS</em> promoter may be a key factor contributing to its decreased transcriptional activity. Moreover, our findings suggest that the introgression of <em>HD10.1</em>^<em>BAS</em> into the HHZ cultivar exhibits potential for yield improvement. This study provides valuable genetic resources for molecular breeding strategies aimed at optimizing heading date while simultaneously enhancing yield in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic hotspot areas in riverine habitats: Riparian vegetation diversity and structure entrap riverine plastics","authors":"Luca Gallitelli ,&nbsp;Maurizio Cutini ,&nbsp;Giulia Cesarini ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Scalici","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics are a significant environmental problem, accumulating in ecosystems and causing harmful effects. While macroplastics in rivers have only recently gained attention, most studies focus on their transport to the sea, neglecting the fact that plastics often remain within fluvial systems. Previous research has primarily considered abiotic factors in this transport process. However, recent findings indicate that vegetation plays a crucial role in trapping plastics in urban and lowland watercourses. The role and structure of riparian vegetation in plastic entrapment are poorly understood. This study investigates the relationship between vegetation structure and plastic entrapment applying the 3D Vegetation Index (3DVI) to quantify vegetation complexity and its capacity to trap plastics. Field data on plastics and vegetation were collected from six rivers in central Italy across three riverine zones. Results show a significant correlation between macroplastics trapped in vegetation and vegetation structure, with denser and more diverse plant communities trapping more plastics. Particularly, a significant regression between 3DVI and plastics in vegetation was observed only in the lower river zone. The higher the 3DVI value, the more complex the vegetation, indicating greater plastic trapping efficiency. These findings suggest that biotic factors, particularly vegetation structure, are important variables for driving riverine plastic entrapment at local scales. This study is the first to apply a vegetation index to describe the complexity and diversity of plant communities related to plastic entrapment. Future research urgently needs to unveil this <em>phenomenon</em> at a global scale as well as to focus on the interactions and effects of macroplastics on plants. Understanding plant structures and 3DVI usage in retaining plastics can help identify plastic hotspot areas and inform mitigation and clean-up efforts to address plastic pollution effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi application improves bitter melon fruit yield and some phytochemical compounds under irrigation deficit stress","authors":"Narges Dolatmand-Shahri ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili ,&nbsp;Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is among the most effective limitations of the yield and quality of agricultural products, and the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a proposed method for increasing plant resistance to adverse effects of water deficit stress. A two-year field trial was implemented using a split factorial design within a randomized complete block framework with three replications. Three irrigation levels, including irrigation following 20 %, 50 %, and 80 % available soil water discharge (ASWD), were distributed randomly in the main plots, and a factorial combination of phosphorus (P) fertilizer (with and without P) and AMF (<em>Glomus mosseae</em>, <em>Glomus intraradices</em>, and non-inoculation) were placed randomly in the sub-plots. Investigations determined that by decreasing irrigation at a level of 80 % ASWD, the number and weight of total fruit, chlorophyll, and leaf P compared to 20 % ASWD showed a decrease and electrolyte leakage (EL), MDA, enzyme antioxidants (CAT, APX, PPO), and non-enzymatic (carotenoid, flavonoid, anthocyanin), and fruit secondary metabolites (rutin, momordicin, charantin) increased. AMF inoculation and P fertilizer, although decreased MDA and EL, increased enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants and secondary metabolites of fruit. Bitter melon fruit weight improved under inoculation with AMF and P (with and without P fertilizer) at all irrigation levels. Reduced irrigation increased the momordicin and charantin, but the combination of AMF and P had no significant effect. This method offers valuable innovation in improving yield, enhancing secondary metabolites, reducing the need for P fertilizer, and optimizing water and soil resource management, which is especially important in the sustainable production of medicinal plants in water-deficit areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome and co-expression network analysis uncovers the regulatory mechanism of silicon-induced soybean defense against charcoal rot disease","authors":"Pravin Jadhav ,&nbsp;Sayali Magar ,&nbsp;Parva Sharma ,&nbsp;Umesh Shinde ,&nbsp;Eknath Vaidya ,&nbsp;Mangesh Moharil ,&nbsp;Sarika Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Satish Nichal ,&nbsp;Rajiv Ghawade ,&nbsp;Mir Asif Iquebal ,&nbsp;Prashant Kawar ,&nbsp;Pritam Jadhav ,&nbsp;Sanjay Sakhare ,&nbsp;Rameshwar Ghorade ,&nbsp;Rupesh Deshmukh ,&nbsp;Humira Sonah ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar ,&nbsp;Vilas Kharche ,&nbsp;Shyamsunder Mane","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> L.) is highly susceptible to charcoal rot caused by the soil-borne pathogen <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>, which can reduce yields by up to 70 %. Effective control methods are lacking, and information on managing the disease is limited. This study investigates how potassium silicate (1.7 mM K₂SiO₃) enhances soybean resistance to charcoal rot. The treatment significantly improved plant health, reducing the mortality rate of the susceptible genotype TAMS-38 from 69.7 % to 9 %. RNA sequencing revealed 3106 differentially expressed genes linked to disease resistance. Resistant genotypes showed upregulation of genes involved in key defense pathways, enhancing resistance mechanisms against charcoal rot including Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 (PR1) for Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Salicylic Acid (SA) pathway, Stress-induced protein H4 for Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Pathway, disease resistance proteins for <em>Resistance</em> gene and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, pleiotropic drug resistance proteins for detoxification, basic secretory protein (BSP) domain for cell wall reinforcement, NRT1/PTR FAMILY 2.13 for nutrient management, receptor-like kinases for pathogen detection, Pruav 1 for resistance, Dehydration responsive element-binding protein 3 (DREB3) for abscisic acid (ABA) signalling in drought, and chitinase class I precursor for fungal cell wall breakdown. A total of 41 key differentially regulated genes were identified, with 8 validated by qRT-PCR, showing potential for genetic improvement and breeding. These findings provide a basis for developing strategies to combat charcoal rot and improve soybean resilience against <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal nectar secretion dynamics in Roscoea cautleoides (Zingiberaceae) reveal the role of non-sugar chemicals in plant–pollinator interaction","authors":"Wen-Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Ya-Ting Lin ,&nbsp;Hong-Fan Chen ,&nbsp;Mei-Yuan Huang ,&nbsp;Zong-Xin Ren ,&nbsp;Jian-Li Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floral nectar is essential for plant-pollinator interactions, directly influencing plant reproduction. Although the composition of nectar has been widely studied, the daily dynamics of non-sugar components in the nectar remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the diurnal dynamics of nectar volume, composition, and pollinator visitation in an alpine ginger (<em>Roscoea cautleoides</em>). By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics, we explored the daily variations in nectar chemical composition and the gene expression in nectaries, with a specific focus on nectar metabolites from bagged flowers. We found that the nectar volume peaked at ∼2.5 μL per flower in the early afternoon, whereas the pollinator visitation attained its highest level in the late afternoon. Meanwhile, the nectar volume in bagged flowers increased by ∼40 % from morning to afternoon but consistently remained lower than that of flowers exposed to pollinator visitation. While sugar content remained stable throughout the day, non-sugar metabolites varied significantly. Notably, daily variations in arachidonic acid levels were positively correlated with the expression of the <em>RcSUZ</em> gene in nectaries, suggesting a molecular link between non-sugar metabolites and gene regulation. These findings indicate that non-sugar metabolites may serve as a rapid response mechanism to pollinator visitation, potentially modulated by gene expression. Moreover, the results further demonstrate that <em>R. cautleoides</em> flowers rapidly adjust their nectar chemistry in response to pollinator behaviour in a day, providing valuable insights into the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural variation in FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS M underlies the weak temperature sensitivity of the Arabidopsis accession Ellershausen","authors":"Zeeshan Nasim ,&nbsp;Nouroz Karim ,&nbsp;Hendry Susila ,&nbsp;Ji Hoon Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural variants of key floral regulator genes underly the adaptation of plant populations to diverse environmental conditions. We identified Ellershausen (El-0) as an early flowering Arabidopsis (<em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>) accession with decreased sensitivity to changes in temperature and photoperiod. Expression levels of <em>FLOWERING LOCUS M</em> (<em>FLM</em>), including its major splice variants <em>FLM-β</em> and <em>FLM-δ</em>, were dramatically lower in El-0 than in Col-0 or Killean (Kil-0) accessions at different temperatures. The first intron of <em>FLM</em>^El−0 contains a ∼5.7-kb LINE transposon insertion, as in Kil-0, together with several single-nucleotide polymorphisms. However, El-0 flowered earlier than Kil-0 at 23 °C or 16 °C under long-day conditions and at 23°C under short-day conditions. Introducing a genomic copy of <em>FLM</em>^Col−0 into El-0 moderately delayed flowering, suggesting that an additional player(s) is involved in the temperature-insensitive flowering of El-0. Accordingly, expression levels of <em>FLOWERING LOCUS C</em> (<em>FLC</em>) and <em>MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 5</em> (<em>MAF5</em>) were lower in El-0. Genome resequencing data revealed polymorphisms including deletions in <em>FLC</em>^El−0 and <em>MAF5</em>^El−0. β-Glucuronidase activity was weaker in <em>pFLC</em>^Col−0:<em>gFLC</em>^El−0-<em>GUS</em> transgenic seedlings than in <em>pFLC</em>^Col−0:<em>gFLC</em>^Col−0-<em>GUS</em> seedlings, suggesting that polymorphisms in <em>FLC</em>^El−0 result in lower <em>FLC</em>^El−0 transcript levels. Consistent with low <em>FLC</em> expression levels, El-0 plants did not flower earlier following vernalization. Our results suggest that natural variants of these repressor genes in El-0 may facilitate successful adaptation to relatively cooler climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis and non-target-site resistance mechanism of multi-resistant Lolium multiflorum under herbicide stress","authors":"Hongle Xu ,&nbsp;Qiuli Leng ,&nbsp;Lanlan Sun ,&nbsp;Wangcang Su ,&nbsp;Ruosheng Yang ,&nbsp;Jiuying Li ,&nbsp;Fei Xue ,&nbsp;Renhai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lolium multiflorum</em>, one of the most problematic weeds in winter cereal crops, is resistant to herbicidal stress. However, the genome-wide full-length transcripts of <em>L. multiflorum</em> have not been identified, and the mechanism of non-target-site resistance (NTSR) remains unclear. Single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) and RNA-seq technologies were utilised to generate full-length transcripts for mining NTSR related to the detoxification of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides in multi-resistant <em>L. multiflorum</em>. In total, 65272 and 73799 isoforms from 30562 and 32536 loci were found in the sensitive HNXX01 and resistant HNZMD04 populations, including 44731 and 51792 novel isoforms and 4919 and 5392 novel genes, respectively. In addition, long non-coding RNAs, alternative splicing events, fusion genes, and alternative polyadenylations were found in these two populations. The RNA-seq results showed that 51 and 29 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were co-expressed in the two populations before and after pinoxaden and pyroxsulam treatment, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR further verified that seven (<em>CYP72A397, Os03g0283200–1</em>, <em>GSTU6–2/3, GSTZ</em>5, <em>UGT1</em>, and <em>SCPL18–1</em>) and six (<em>GSTU6–3/4, GSTZ5</em>, <em>UGT85A24</em>, and <em>SCPL18–1/2</em>) genes were potential metabolising genes for pinoxaden or pyroxsulam, respectively. Furthermore, <em>GSTZ5, GSTU6–3,</em> and <em>SCPL18–1</em> may be involved in detoxifying pinoxaden and pyroxsulam. These results contribute to the improvement of genome annotation and transcriptomic studies during resistance development and deepen our understanding of multi-resistance mechanisms in weed species under herbicide stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial metabolites of Bacillus velezensis FZB42 reshape rice rhizosphere microbial community composition and induce host resistance against Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"Qurban Ali ,&nbsp;Abdur Rashid Khan ,&nbsp;Wang Yujie ,&nbsp;Yu Chenjie ,&nbsp;Qian Zhao ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ayaz ,&nbsp;Waseem Raza ,&nbsp;Qin Gu ,&nbsp;Huijun Wu ,&nbsp;Sunil Mundra ,&nbsp;Xuewen Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, the causative agent of sheath blight disease, poses a significant threat to global rice production. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) and their metabolites offer a green and sustainable solution to emerging food production challenges, but knowledge of their role in shaping the rhizosphere microbial communities is still lacking. The current study evaluated the effect of a biocontrol bacterium <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> FZB42, its mutants for fengycin AK2 <em>(ΔfenA</em>), surfactin CH01 <em>(ΔsrfA</em>), and bacillomycin D AK1 <em>(ΔbmyA</em>) and purified metabolites fengycin (Fin), surfactin (Sin), and bacillomycin D (Bin) on induced systemic resistance in rice against <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> and rhizospheric soil bacterial and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing. The FZB42 strain, its mutants, and their secondary metabolites not only induced plant resistance but also significantly inhibited the growth and disease index of <em>R. solani.</em> The application of FZB42 mutants enriched different bacterial phyla (Chlamydiae, Verrucomincroba, Armatimonadetes, and Candidatus saccharibacteria) and fungal phyla (Chytridiomycota, Aphleidiomycota, and Blastocladiomycota). Similarly, the application of purified metabolites also enriched various bacterial phyla (Chlamydiae, Armatimonadetes, and Planctomycetes) and fungal phyla (Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, and Mortierellomycota). These enrichments were predominantly driven by the low and high relative abundance after treatments of FZB42, its mutants, and metabolites respectively. Our findings suggest that FZB42 and its metabolite Fin and Bin effectively reshape microbial community structures, enhance microbial network stability, and improve the resistance of rice plants against sheath blight disease. Overall, our study supports the development of biocontrol agents and utilizing antimicrobial biological resources for crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant biotechnology in the new era: From conventional methods to cutting-edge techniques","authors":"Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Karel Doležal","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and biomolecular response of Arabidopsis seedlings to osmotic and salt stress: Mitigation by biostimulant formulation enriched in betalain degradation products","authors":"Noemi Gatti ,&nbsp;Graziella Serio ,&nbsp;Moez Maghrebi ,&nbsp;Carla Gentile ,&nbsp;Cinzia M. Bertea ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mannino","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stress, such as salt and osmotic stress, negatively impacts plant growth and productivity, making it crucial to explore sustainable solutions that can improve plant resilience. In this study, we investigated the effects of a biostimulant formulation containing betalain degradation products (BDPs) on the growth and stress resistance of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> seedlings subjected to salt stress (SS) and osmotic stress (OS) conditions. Specifically, we fortified the medium culture of stressed seedlings with 0.02, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/mL of BDPs-enriched biostimulant, revealing significant improvements in growth and biomass under both SS and OS conditions, with the most notable effects in OS condition. In this study, we applied these findings to stress conditions, demonstrating that treatment with the formulation containing BDP-related compounds significantly enhanced seedling growth and biomass in both salt stress (SS) and osmotic stress (OS) environments, with the most significant effects observed in OS conditions. Specifically, seedlings treated with 0.20 mg/mL of BDP-enriched biostimulant exhibited growth increases of up to 150 % under OS conditions and a 116 % increase under SS conditions, restoring growth metrics comparable to control conditions. We analyzed the impact of the formulation on the dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of antioxidant enzyme, revealing that BDP-containing formulation effectively balanced ROS levels by modulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the glutathione peroxidase-glutathione reductase (GPX-GR) system in both stress conditions. Furthermore, BDP-containing formulation affected proline metabolism by reducing its accumulation under stress conditions and enhancing proline catabolism, as demonstrated by the upregulation of the genes for proline dehydrogenase (PDH), pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH), and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). These findings suggest that the biostimulant enriched in BDP-related compounds enhanced the resilience of Arabidopsis seedlings to abiotic stress by regulating both oxidative stress responses and proline metabolism, highlighting their potential applications for improving crop tolerance to challenging environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}