Current Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"RTR_Lite_MobileNetV2: A lightweight and efficient model for plant disease detection and classification","authors":"Sangeeta Duhan ,&nbsp;Preeti Gulia ,&nbsp;Nasib Singh Gill ,&nbsp;Ekta Narwal","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early identification and management of plant diseases are paramount for sustaining crop health, ensuring optimal yields, and safeguarding food security in agricultural systems. Left untreated, diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and pests can significantly diminish agricultural output, posing a threat to global food production. While recent research has explored machine learning-based techniques for early disease detection, many proposed models are resource-intensive, characterized by large model sizes, and millions of trainable parameters. Recognizing resource-constrained devices' needs, recent studies have developed lightweight models, but their shallow structure may hinder accurate disease identification. This study proposes the RTR_Lite_MobileNet model, an enhanced version of the original MobileNetV2 model designed for efficient deployment on resource-constrained devices. Different attention techniques, such as Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SENet), Efficient Channel Attention (ECA), and Triplet Attention, are added to reduce the model's computational footprint while boosting its ability to capture complicated disease patterns. Extensive experimentation validates the efficacy of RTR_Lite_MobileNet, consistently outperforming MobileNetV2 with top accuracies across multiple datasets: 99.92 % on Plant Disease, 82.00 % on PlantDoc, 97.11 % on PaddyDoctor, 90.84 % on Coffee, 100 % on Wheat, 96.78 % on Soybean, and 96.67 % on Sugarcane. Deployment on edge devices such as Raspberry Pi 4 and 5 demonstrates its computational efficiency, as evidenced by lower latency and memory consumption. Research results indicate that RTR_Lite_MobileNet is a practical and effective option for real-time plant disease diagnosis, paving the way for additional uses in agricultural monitoring and IoT applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABA-regulated JAZ1 suppresses phytoalexin biosynthesis by binding GmNAC42-1 in soybean","authors":"Jie Lin ,&nbsp;Ivan Monsalvo ,&nbsp;Md Asraful Jahan ,&nbsp;Melissa Ly ,&nbsp;Dasol Wi ,&nbsp;Izabella Martirosyan ,&nbsp;Israt Jahan ,&nbsp;Nik Kovinich","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoalexins are plant defense metabolites whose biosynthesis remains suppressed until elicited by a pathogen or stress, yet the mechanism of their suppression has remained elusive. The transcription factor GmNAC42–1 directly activates glyceollin phytoalexin biosynthesis in soybean, but its overexpression without elicitation fails to induce glyceollin biosynthetic genes, suggesting suppression by a negative regulator. JAZ1 proteins act as negative regulators in the canonical jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. JAZ protein degradation and <em>JAZ</em> gene transcription comprise antagonistic mechanisms that activate and suppress JA signaling. Here, RNA-seq analysis revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and <em>GmJAZ1</em> genes are inversely regulated compared to glyceollin biosynthesis at late timepoints following elicitation, identifying them as potential long-term negative regulators. Long-term ABA treatment increased <em>GmJAZ1</em> transcript levels, whereas an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor completely suppressed their upregulation by dehydration. Opposite patterns were observed for glyceollin biosynthesis. RNAi silencing of <em>GmJAZ1s</em> prevented the suppression of glyceollin biosynthesis by long-term dehydration stress and derepressed glyceollin synthesis in non-elicited tissues. Overexpressing <em>GmJAZ1–9</em> in hairy roots elicited with <em>Phytophthora sojae</em> wall glucan elicitor partially suppressed short-term elicitation of glyceollin biosynthesis. The GmJAZ1–9 protein interacted with GmNAC42–1, inhibiting its transactivation and DNA-binding activities. <em>JAZ1</em> silencing in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and grapevine derepresses phytoalexin biosynthesis. While the short-term response to pathogen elicitation includes a reduction in ABA levels and JA-mediated JAZ protein degradation, our work demonstrates a subsequent long-term response where ABA upregulates <em>JAZ1</em> transcript levels by an unknown mechanism and JAZ1 proteins bind NAC42-type transcriptional activators to directly inhibit their transactivation of phytoalexin biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan induces salicylic acid and methyl salicylate in banana plants and reduces colonisation by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4","authors":"Federico Lopez-Moya ,&nbsp;Yasmín Zorrilla-Fontanesi ,&nbsp;Ana Lozano-Soria ,&nbsp;Naia Fernandez de Larrinoa Ganado ,&nbsp;Celia Mei Moreno-González ,&nbsp;Arnau Hernández ,&nbsp;Ariadna Torres ,&nbsp;Daniel Gonzalez-Silvera ,&nbsp;Benet Gunsé ,&nbsp;Jose Angel Lopez-Jimenez ,&nbsp;Luis V. Lopez-Llorca","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Banana (<em>Musa</em> spp.) cultivation is essential for food security; however, the clonality of commonly used forms renders them highly susceptible to pests and diseases. The wilt fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cubense</em> Tropical Race 4 (FocTR4) threatens banana production worldwide. Chitosan induces salicylic acid (SA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) production in banana plants and reduces colonisation by FocTR4. This polymer induces the main SA biosynthetic pathway mediated by isochorismate synthase 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Chitosan also induces systemic acquired resistance genes, mainly flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 (<em>FMO1</em>), in banana roots. The banana genotypes Petit Naine, Gros Michel, Enzirabahima, Yangambi Km5, and Foconah differ in their response to chitosan. In the Foc-resistant Yangambi Km5, chitosan induced an approximately 7-fold increase in <em>FMO1</em>. Preventive chitosan treatments together with the endophytic biocontrol fungus <em>Pochonia chlamydosporia</em> strain 123 reduced colonisation of banana roots by FocTR4 (approximately 4-fold). Therefore, chitosan and beneficial endophytes can help sustainably manage FocTR4 infection in bananas. We propose a novel method to induce local and systemic defences for biomanagement of banana pests and diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorophyll a/b-binding Overexpression 2 regulates nitric oxide signaling in Arabidopsis response to sulfur deficiency","authors":"Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko ,&nbsp;Zhixin Liu ,&nbsp;Yaping Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Aizhi Qin ,&nbsp;Qianli Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengfan Li ,&nbsp;Chunyang Li ,&nbsp;Luyao Kong ,&nbsp;Lulu Yan ,&nbsp;Vincent Ninkuu ,&nbsp;Jean-David Rochaix ,&nbsp;Lam-Son Phan Tran ,&nbsp;Xuwu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have been conducted on plant responses to nutrient stressors; however, the mechanism underlying low-sulfur (LS) stress responses is still unclear. Here, we elucidated the function of <em>COE2</em> in <em>Arabidopsis</em> response to sulfur deficiency using a series of phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of the loss-of-function of <em>COE2</em> (<em>coe2</em> mutant). Under low sulfur conditions, WT seedlings had considerably longer roots than the <em>coe2</em> seedlings. Although the chlorophyll fluorescence of <em>coe2</em> and WT was lower under low sulfur, the reduction was more pronounced in the WT seedlings, indicating WT sensitivity to LS stress. Next, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to investigate the roles of the <em>COE2</em> in <em>Arabidopsis</em> response to sulfur deficiency at the molecular level. The <em>coe2</em> and WT leaves responded to the induction of genes related to jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and water deprivation, which are all crucial for leaf growth and defense. WT roots had more upregulated genes than the <em>coe2</em> roots; thus, activation of these genes is tightly linked to WT and <em>coe2</em> root responses to LS stress. We further evaluated the involvement of <em>AtPSBO1</em> (a photosynthetic-inducible gene) in <em>coe2</em> growth regulation under LS conditions. Compared with the <em>coe2</em> seedlings, plants expressing <em>35S</em>::<em>PSBO1</em> exhibit increased sensitivity to sulfur deficiency in the leaves and roots, suggesting <em>COE2</em> functions in chloroplast and root development under LS conditions. This study highlights the crucial roles of <em>COE2</em> in root-shoot coordination in response to sulfur deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating microplastic research in sustainable agriculture: Challenges and future directions for food production","authors":"Marcelo Illanes ,&nbsp;María-Trinidad Toro ,&nbsp;Mauricio Schoebitz ,&nbsp;Nelson Zapata ,&nbsp;Diego A. Moreno ,&nbsp;María Dolores López-Belchí","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In agroecosystems, plants are frequently subjected to a wide range of environmental stressors that have a substantial influence on plant physiology, crop performance, and food security. Abiotic stress responses to plant crop physiology and performance have been widely studied, but the co-occurrence of stressors, such as emerging contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, plastic particles, or pesticides), combined with environmental conditions, remains understudied. Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as modifiers of plant physiology; therefore, these particles present a risk to the quality and safety of plant food production systems. One relevant question is how these emerging pollutants interact with the increasingly extreme environmental conditions of today. For example, evidence indicates that the interaction of MPs particles with elevated levels of ambient CO₂ can modify stomatal conductance. In addition, their interaction with high temperatures may induce increased oxidative stress, whereas drought conditions can adversely affect vegetative growth. Salinity has been shown to alter root development, and MP particles can enhance the adsorption of trace metals onto plant tissues, thereby compromising food safety and increasing health risks. Currently, the application of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, offers novel insights into molecular mechanisms that enable the identification of specific biomarkers associated with MP exposure. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms can be employed to analyze complex datasets, enhancing our ability to predict the impacts of MPs on plant health and crop performance under different environmental conditions. These results are significant for agricultural practices and policy formulation. As the prevalence of MPs in the environment continues to escalate, policymakers should address the potential risks these contaminants constitute to food safety and agricultural sustainability. This review compiles and synthesizes the most recent evidence regarding the impact of various stressors on crop quality and performance, with a particular emphasis on the interactions involving different plastic particles present in the environment and evaluates their potential risks to food safety and environmental resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-enhanced 3D-QSAR screening of fragment-based novel designed molecules targeting Phalaris minor ACCase","authors":"Bikash Kumar Rajak ,&nbsp;Priyanka Rani ,&nbsp;Durg Vijay Singh ,&nbsp;Nitesh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase: EC 6.4.1.2) is a crucial enzyme for fatty acid synthesis in plants, particularly in the Graminae family, making it an ideal target for herbicides aimed at selective weed control in agriculture. One persistent challenge is the infestation of <em>Phalaris minor</em> in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) fields, leading to significant crop yield losses. While herbicides are the primary solution to manage <em>P. minor</em>, their overuse has led to resistant biotypes, driving the need for novel herbicide molecules. Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the agritech revolution, researchers are now applying advanced computational techniques to identify and design effective ACCase inhibitors. Using small molecule databases such as ZINC, CHEMBL, and DrugBank, an initial screening based on structural similarity to known ACCase inhibitors is performed. AI-driven high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) then filters these candidates followed by physiochemical properties based screening. The selected herbicide-like molecules are further processed through fragment-based design to generate a library of new compounds, refined using binding affinity thresholds (-8.5 kcal/mol) and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations validated the interaction stability of these potential herbicides over 100 ns, yielding four promising candidates optimized for ACCase inhibition. This study showcases how AI-powered methodologies are transforming agricultural science by facilitating the design of next-generation herbicides that can address resistant weed biotypes, underscoring the role of technology in sustainable crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbes and metabolites of a plant-parasite interaction: Deciphering the ecology of Tetrastigma host choice in the world’s largest parasitic flower, Rafflesia","authors":"Jeanmaire Molina ,&nbsp;Roche C. de Guzman ,&nbsp;Rinat Abzalimov ,&nbsp;Wenkai Huang ,&nbsp;Anusha Guruprasad ,&nbsp;Ronniel Pedales ,&nbsp;Adhityo Wicaksono ,&nbsp;Destiny Davis ,&nbsp;John Rey Callado ,&nbsp;Hans Bänziger ,&nbsp;Piyakaset Suksathan ,&nbsp;William Eaton ,&nbsp;Pride Yin ,&nbsp;Marco Bürger ,&nbsp;Mick Erickson ,&nbsp;Stephen Jones ,&nbsp;James Adams ,&nbsp;Susan Pell","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rafflesia,</em> known for producing the world’s largest flowers, is a holoparasite found only in Southeast Asia's rapidly diminishing tropical forests. Completely dependent on its <em>Tetrastigma</em> host plants, <em>Rafflesia</em> grows covertly within its host until flowering, but the ecological factors driving host susceptibility are unknown. With most <em>Rafflesia</em> species on the brink of extinction due to habitat loss, understanding the complex ecological interactions between <em>Rafflesia</em> and its host is crucial for conservation. In this study, we integrated metagenomic data with metabolomic profiles to identify potential functional relationships between microbial communities and specific metabolites, shedding light on their ecological roles in <em>Rafflesia's</em> life cycle. Key findings reveal that microbial taxa such as Microbacteriaceae and Nocardioidaceae correlate with elevated levels of polyphenols, particularly gallic acid derivatives, which may shape the chemical environment conducive to <em>Rafflesia</em> development. Complex-carbon-degrading bacteria thrive in the chemically distinct environment of <em>Rafflesia</em> buds, while an unknown group of Saccharimonadales was enriched in <em>Tetrastigma</em> host species. Docosenamide production in <em>Rafflesia</em> buds and their hosts may facilitate parasitic infection, while coumarin compounds in non-host <em>Tetrastigma</em> species may exert allelopathic effects. The enrichment of gallic acid derivatives, the phytohormone adenine, and gall-associated bacteria suggests that <em>Rafflesia</em> buds may function similarly to plant galls, manipulating host tissues to support their reproductive development. This study highlights the dynamic microbial shifts during <em>Rafflesia’</em>s development, emphasizing its symbiotic relationship with microbial communities and hosts. In identifying essential microbial and chemical conditions that could improve propagation techniques, this research has practical applications in ex situ conservation efforts, aiding in the rescue of the world’s largest flowers from the brink of extinction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removing limitations surrounding terpenoid biosynthesis by biotechnological techniques in Ferula sp.: A review","authors":"Zahra Aghaali ,&nbsp;Jun-Li Yang ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Naghavi ,&nbsp;Meisam Zargar","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ferula</em> sp. has achieved widespread fame as a producer of specialized terpenoids used as raw materials in fragrances, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Since ancient times, <em>Ferula</em> species has been utilized to treat various health issues, such as asthma, toothache, inflammation, cancer, and digestive disorders. Besides, a growing body of research proves the healing efficacy of <em>Ferula</em> plants in treating modern diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), HIV, and COVID19. The major challenge surrounding the commercialization of <em>Ferula</em>-derived terpenoids is their low quantity in <em>Ferula</em> plants. This necessitates the exploitation of approaches to circumvent this barrier and to enhance their production level to meet the continuous demands of industries for <em>Ferula</em> terpenoids. Recently, via functional genomics, omics technologies, and high-throughput analytical techniques, our understanding about terpenoid biosynthesis and regulation has been deepened, paving the way for the overproduction of target terpenoids. This review examines the potential of hairy root culture, CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, and metabolic engineering, including gene overexpression and enzyme engineering, for enhancing <em>Ferula</em> capacity tailored to industrial and medicinal needs. The strategies present here, except hairy root culture, have never been proposed or applied in <em>Ferula</em> species. In its ultimate form, the proposed strategies are expected to reach large-scale terpenoid production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143301267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPGCN: A graph convolutional network-based prediction model for herbal heat/cold properties","authors":"Qikai Niu ,&nbsp;Jing’ai Wang ,&nbsp;Hongtao Li ,&nbsp;Lin Tong ,&nbsp;Haiyu Xu ,&nbsp;Weina Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziling Zeng ,&nbsp;Sihong Liu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zong ,&nbsp;Siqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Siwei Tian ,&nbsp;Huamin Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbal properties are part of the fundamental theories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been of great significance for herbal formulas and disease treatment in clinics for thousands of years. However, determining herbal properties, such as heat/cold, still relies on ancient books and the doctor's experience, which can present significant limitations. In this study, we propose an herbal property graph convolutional network (HPGCN) model by combining TCM theory, modern pharmacological mechanisms, prior knowledge of herbal properties, and intelligent algorithms, which can effectively predict herbal heat/cold properties. Based on protein-protein interactions (PPI) and herb-herb networks, 30 target genes were selected as features for herbal heat/cold property prediction. Compared to previous machine learning algorithms, the HPGCN obtained optimal classification prediction results for ACC, Recall, Precision, F1, and AUC indicators by 5-fold cross-validation on the training and test sets. The function of herbs predicted by HPGCN improved by 3 % in hit@k compared to predictions that did not account for herbal properties. Herbs with disputed heat/cold properties in ancient books (such as <em>Pulsatilliae Radix</em> and <em>Menthae Herba</em>) were predicted using recommended property probabilities. The proposed HPGCN model may have profound practical value and significance for elucidating the scientific mechanisms of herbal property theory and in herbal medicine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143301256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GbbZIP41 transcription factor participates in terpene trilactones biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba L.","authors":"Nuo Wang,&nbsp;Yi Tu,&nbsp;Sirui Zeng,&nbsp;Jiabao Ye,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Xu,&nbsp;Yongling Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terpene trilactones (TTLs) are important secondary metabolites in ginkgo tree (<em>Ginkgo biloba</em>), which play a crucial role in the treatment of human cardiovascular disease and prevention of thrombosis, and have been widely used in food, medicine and health products. However, there are few studies on the transcriptional modulation of TTLs biosynthesis and gene regulatory network of TTLs biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we screened the transcription factor GbbZIP41 that may be involved in the biosynthesis of TTLs and verified its function by transgenic technology. The results showed that GbbZIP41 is a protein located in the nucleus and encodes 477 amino acids, which is highly expressed in <em>G. biloba</em> leaves. The analysis of total terpene content and <em>GbbZIP41</em> gene expression in <em>G. biloba</em> leaves showed the opposite trend. In addition, the overexpression of <em>GbbZIP41</em> gene in tobacco reduced the content of terpenoids and down-regulated the enzyme genes of MVA pathway and MEP pathway. Therefore, these results suggested that GbbZIP41 negatively regulates the biosynthesis of TTLs by inhibiting key enzyme genes in the TTLs synthesis pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}