基因编辑工具促进了叶绿体基因工程的发展

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Peng Xu , Chenxin Zhao , Shuxuan Li , Shuoxuan Li , Aifang Li , Jie Zhao , Aoqi Ma , Qianqian Wang , Dandan Guo , Jin Zhou , Shuying Feng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物基因工程是提高作物质量、促进药品生物合成和改变农业生产方式的关键技术。虽然传统的核转基因系统显示出稳定和高效的转基因表达谱,但罕见但持续的技术挑战-包括基因沉默以及低或不稳定的表达-继续阻碍核基因组的精确遗传操作。由于质体基因组母系遗传的特点,叶绿体转化绕过了这一限制,大大降低了转基因生态污染的风险。尽管叶绿体基因工程(chloroplast gene engineering, CGE)具有一些独特的优势,但它也有自己的缺点,包括转化效率低、靶向细胞器的能力有限、能够转化叶绿体基因组的物种数量少。在过去的几年里,一些新的基因编辑技术的建立为解决这些问题提供了有益的工具。本文综述了用于可持续农业的先进的CGE工具(转录激活因子样效应核酸酶,聚集规律间隔短回文重复序列/ crispr相关系统,碱基编辑器和引物编辑器),重点是提高作物产量,加速抗性品种的选育,增强抗逆性和优化生长性状。此外,我们还深入讨论了通用电气目前面临的挑战,以及它的潜力和未来的发展。此外,新的技术和工具,如纳米技术、设计五肽重复蛋白和适体,也被认为是提高CGE基因靶向和表达水平的目的,这可能会促进CGE的进步,并扩大其在不同领域的应用。还讨论了实施和监管方面的挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gene editing tools promote the development of chloroplast gene engineering
Plant genetic engineering serves as a crucial technology in enhancing crop quality, promoting pharmaceutical product biosynthesis, and changing agricultural practices. While conventional nuclear transgenic systems demonstrate generally stable and efficient transgene expression profiles, infrequent but persistent technical challenges-including gene silencing as well as low or unstable expression-continue to hinder precise genetic manipulation of nuclear genomes. Since the characteristics of maternal inheritance of plastid genome, chloroplast transformation circumvents this limitation and the risk of transgenic ecological pollution is greatly reduced. Although chloroplast gene engineering (CGE) has some unique advantages, it also has its own disadvantages, including low-efficiency transformation, a limited ability to target organelles, and a low number of species that can transform chloroplast genomes. Over the past few years, the establishment of several novel gene editing technologies has offered beneficial tools to solve these issues. This review explores advanced CGE tools (transcription activator-like effector nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated systems, base editors, and prime editors) for sustainable agriculture, focusing on crop yield improvement, accelerated breeding of resistant varieties, enhanced stress tolerance, and optimized growth traits. Additionally, we thoroughly discuss the current challenges in CGE as well as its potential and future development. Moreover, new technologies and tools, such as nanotechnology, designer pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, and aptamers, are also considered with the aim of improving gene targeting and expression levels in CGE, which could potentially promote advances in CGE and extend its utility for different applications. Challenges in implementation and regulatory considerations are also discussed.
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来源期刊
Current Plant Biology
Current Plant Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
1.90%
发文量
32
审稿时长
50 days
期刊介绍: Current Plant Biology aims to acknowledge and encourage interdisciplinary research in fundamental plant sciences with scope to address crop improvement, biodiversity, nutrition and human health. It publishes review articles, original research papers, method papers and short articles in plant research fields, such as systems biology, cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, mathematical modeling, signal transduction, plant-microbe interactions, synthetic biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, biotechnologies, bioinformatics and plant genomic resources.
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