Current protocols in mouse biology最新文献

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Cardiovascular Imaging in Mice 小鼠心血管影像学研究
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150122
Colin K. L. Phoon, D. Turnbull
{"title":"Cardiovascular Imaging in Mice","authors":"Colin K. L. Phoon, D. Turnbull","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150122","url":null,"abstract":"The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and brief overviews of other imaging modalities. We also briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"29 9","pages":"15 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes Using Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE) 蓝色天然聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(BN‐PAGE)分析线粒体呼吸链超配合物
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150182
Pooja Jha, Xu Wang, J. Auwerx
{"title":"Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes Using Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE)","authors":"Pooja Jha, Xu Wang, J. Auwerx","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150182","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria are cellular organelles that harvest energy in the form of ATP through a process termed oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which occurs via the protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). In recent years it has become unequivocally clear that mitochondrial complexes of the ETC are not static entities in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These complexes are dynamic and in mammals they aggregate in different stoichiometric combinations to form supercomplexes (SCs) or respirasomes. It has been proposed that the net respiration is more efficient via SCs than via isolated complexes. However, it still needs to be determined whether the activity of a particular SC is associated with a disease etiology. Here we describe a simplified method to visualize and assess in‐gel activity of SCs and the individual complexes with good resolution using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 176
Generating Mouse Models Using CRISPR‐Cas9‐Mediated Genome Editing 使用CRISPR - Cas9介导的基因组编辑生成小鼠模型
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150178
Wenning Qin, Peter M. Kutny, R. Maser, S. Dion, Jeffrey D. Lamont, Yingfan Zhang, Greggory A. Perry, Haoyi Wang
{"title":"Generating Mouse Models Using CRISPR‐Cas9‐Mediated Genome Editing","authors":"Wenning Qin, Peter M. Kutny, R. Maser, S. Dion, Jeffrey D. Lamont, Yingfan Zhang, Greggory A. Perry, Haoyi Wang","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150178","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR‐Cas9 system in bacteria and archaea has recently been exploited for genome editing in various model organisms, including mice. The CRISPR‐Cas9 reagents can be delivered directly into the mouse zygote to derive a mutant animal carrying targeted genetic modifications. The major components of the system include the guide RNA, which provides target specificity, the Cas9 nuclease that creates the DNA double‐strand break, and the donor oligonucleotide or plasmid carrying the intended mutation flanked by sequences homologous to the target site. Here we describe the general considerations and experimental protocols for creating genetically modified mice using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"28 2","pages":"39 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Voluntary Wheel Running in Mice 小鼠自愿滚轮跑
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140295
Jorming Goh, Warren Ladiges
{"title":"Voluntary Wheel Running in Mice","authors":"Jorming Goh,&nbsp;Warren Ladiges","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo140295","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo140295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Voluntary wheel running in the mouse is used to assess physical performance and endurance and to model exercise training as a way to enhance health. Wheel running is a voluntary activity in contrast to other experimental exercise models in mice, which rely on aversive stimuli to force active movement. This protocol consists of allowing mice to run freely on the open surface of a slanted, plastic saucer-shaped wheel placed inside a standard mouse cage. Rotations are electronically transmitted to a USB hub so that frequency and rate of running can be captured via a software program for data storage and analysis for variable time periods. Mice are individually housed so that accurate recordings can be made for each animal. Factors such as mouse strain, gender, age, and individual motivation, which affect running activity, must be considered in the design of experiments using voluntary wheel running. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo140295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 84
Optimized Heart Sampling and Systematic Evaluation of Cardiac Therapies in Mouse Models of Ischemic Injury: Assessment of Cardiac Remodeling and Semi-Automated Quantification of Myocardial Infarct Size 优化心脏采样和缺血性损伤小鼠心脏治疗的系统评估:心脏重塑的评估和心肌梗死面积的半自动化量化
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140293
Mariana Valente, Ana Araújo, Tiago Esteves, Tiago L. Laundos, Ana G. Freire, Pedro Quelhas, Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó, Diana S. Nascimento
{"title":"Optimized Heart Sampling and Systematic Evaluation of Cardiac Therapies in Mouse Models of Ischemic Injury: Assessment of Cardiac Remodeling and Semi-Automated Quantification of Myocardial Infarct Size","authors":"Mariana Valente,&nbsp;Ana Araújo,&nbsp;Tiago Esteves,&nbsp;Tiago L. Laundos,&nbsp;Ana G. Freire,&nbsp;Pedro Quelhas,&nbsp;Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó,&nbsp;Diana S. Nascimento","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo140293","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo140293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiac therapies are commonly tested preclinically in small-animal models of myocardial infarction. Following functional evaluation, post-mortem histological analysis is essential to assess morphological and molecular alterations underlying the effectiveness of treatment. However, non-methodical and inadequate sampling of the left ventricle often leads to misinterpretations and variability, making direct study comparisons unreliable. Protocols are provided for representative sampling of the ischemic mouse heart followed by morphometric analysis of the left ventricle. Extending the use of this sampling to other types of in situ analysis is also illustrated through the assessment of neovascularization and cellular engraftment in a cell-based therapy setting. This is of interest to the general cardiovascular research community as it details methods for standardization and simplification of histo-morphometric evaluation of emergent heart therapies. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo140293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Mouse Primary Hepatocyte Culture Model for Studies of Circadian Oscillation 小鼠原代肝细胞培养模型的昼夜振荡研究
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150101
Penny C. Molyneux, Lorna A. Pyle, Martha Dillon, Mary E. Harrington
{"title":"A Mouse Primary Hepatocyte Culture Model for Studies of Circadian Oscillation","authors":"Penny C. Molyneux,&nbsp;Lorna A. Pyle,&nbsp;Martha Dillon,&nbsp;Mary E. Harrington","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Circadian rhythms regulate many aspects of behavior and physiological processes, and, through external signals, help an organism entrain to its environment. These rhythms are driven by circadian clocks in many cells and tissues within our bodies, and are synchronized by a central pacemaker in the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Peripheral oscillators include the liver, whose circadian clock controls persistent daily rhythms in gene expression and in liver-specific functions such as metabolic homeostasis and drug metabolism. Chronic circadian clock disruption, as in rotating shiftwork, has been linked to disorders including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mouse primary hepatocyte culture model allows the examination of circadian rhythms in these cells. This article describes a transgenic mouse model that uses a bioluminescent reporter to examine the circadian properties of a core clock gene <i>Period2</i>. Hepatocytes are isolated using a modified collagenase perfusion technique and cultured in a sandwich configuration, then sealed in a buffered medium containing luciferin for detection of whole-culture or single-cell bioluminescence. After synchronization by a medium change, cultures demonstrate coherent circadian period and phase measures of bioluminescence from the PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE reporter. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Assessing Cognition in Mice 评估小鼠的认知能力
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150068
Sabine M. Hölter, Lillian Garrett, Jan Einicke, Bettina Sperling, Petra Dirscherl, Annemarie Zimprich, Helmut Fuchs, Valerie Gailus-Durner, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Wolfgang Wurst
{"title":"Assessing Cognition in Mice","authors":"Sabine M. Hölter,&nbsp;Lillian Garrett,&nbsp;Jan Einicke,&nbsp;Bettina Sperling,&nbsp;Petra Dirscherl,&nbsp;Annemarie Zimprich,&nbsp;Helmut Fuchs,&nbsp;Valerie Gailus-Durner,&nbsp;Martin Hrabě de Angelis,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wurst","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genetically modified mouse models have proven useful to study learning and memory processes and the neurocircuitry and molecular mechanisms involved, as well as to develop therapies for diseases involving cognitive impairment. A variety of tests have been developed to measure cognition in mice, and here we present those established and regularly used in the German Mouse Clinic. The test paradigms have been carefully chosen according to reliability of results and disease relevance of the cognitive functions assessed. Further criteria were time efficiency and ease of application. All tests assess slightly different but also overlapping or interacting aspects of learning and memory so that they can be used to complement each other in a comprehensive assessment of cognitive function. The five protocols described are for spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, social discrimination, object recognition, automated assessment of learning and memory using the IntelliCage, and olfactory discrimination learning. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Tests for Anxiety-Related Behavior in Mice 小鼠焦虑相关行为的测试
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150010
Sabine M. Hölter, Jan Einicke, Bettina Sperling, Annemarie Zimprich, Lillian Garrett, Helmut Fuchs, Valerie Gailus-Durner, Martin Hrabé de Angelis, Wolfgang Wurst
{"title":"Tests for Anxiety-Related Behavior in Mice","authors":"Sabine M. Hölter,&nbsp;Jan Einicke,&nbsp;Bettina Sperling,&nbsp;Annemarie Zimprich,&nbsp;Lillian Garrett,&nbsp;Helmut Fuchs,&nbsp;Valerie Gailus-Durner,&nbsp;Martin Hrabé de Angelis,&nbsp;Wolfgang Wurst","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phenotyping of inbred mouse strains and genetically modified mouse models for characteristics related to neuropsychiatric diseases includes assessing their anxiety-related behavior. A variety of tests have been developed to measure anxiety in laboratory rodents and these tests have been placed under scrutiny over the years concerning their validity. Here we describe the most widely used tests for anxiety in mice. The protocols we present are established methods used in the German Mouse Clinic (GMC), with which alterations in anxiety could successfully be discovered in mouse mutants. Moreover, since baseline anxiety levels in mice are easily influenced by a great variety of disturbances, we carefully outline the critical parameters that need to be considered. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50687666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
Mouse Necropsy. 老鼠尸体剖检。
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140296
Piper M Treuting, Jessica M Snyder
{"title":"Mouse Necropsy.","authors":"Piper M Treuting,&nbsp;Jessica M Snyder","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo140296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470942390.mo140296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necropsy (also known as autopsy) is the post-mortem dissection of bodies after euthanasia or death and is a scientific examination conducted to observe and dissect the organs, collect tissues, and determine the extent of grossly evident disease. Research necropsies are conducted to obtain specific samples tailored according to study objectives. Diagnostic necropsy may be undertaken when unexpected illness or death occurs. The systematic collection of samples at necropsy is the critical first step in generating morphologic data from animal models. The morphologic (anatomic and histologic) data generates information on changes in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems providing context for phenotypes (functional and morphological) to the level of the whole organism. Optimal insight into phenotype or pathophysiologic mechanisms is obtained when morphologic data is coupled with laboratory, medical, and molecular findings. This protocol provides a standard for an efficient routine mouse necropsy with brief comments on advanced or alternative techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 3","pages":"223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9780470942390.mo140296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34038348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
An Overview of Typical Infections of Research Mice: Health Monitoring and Prevention of Infection. 研究小鼠典型感染综述:健康监测与感染预防。
Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo150023
James R Fahey, Haiyan Olekszak
{"title":"An Overview of Typical Infections of Research Mice: Health Monitoring and Prevention of Infection.","authors":"James R Fahey,&nbsp;Haiyan Olekszak","doi":"10.1002/9780470942390.mo150023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470942390.mo150023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are many reasons to keep research mice healthy and free from infections. The two most important of these are to protect the health and welfare of research mice and to prevent infections from negatively impacting research. Just as the genetic integrity of a mouse strain will influence the reproducibility and validity of research data, so too will the microbiologic integrity of the animals. This has been repeatedly demonstrated in the literature of laboratory animal sciences wherein the direct impact of infections on physiologic parameters under study have been described. Therefore, it is of great importance that scientists pay close attention to the health status of their research animal colonies and maintain good communications with the animal facility personnel at their institution about mouse health issues. This overview provides information about animal health monitoring (HM) in research mouse colonies including commonly monitored agents, diagnostic methods, HM program, risk assessment, and animal facility biosecurity. Lastly, matters of communication with laboratory animal professionals at research institutions are also addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"5 3","pages":"235-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7162237/pdf/CPMO-5-235.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34038349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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