Current protocols in mouse biology最新文献_第8页

Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Mouse Brain by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 用气相色谱-质谱法测定小鼠脑内神经递质的代谢谱和定量

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.15

Christian Jäger, Karsten Hiller, Manuel Buttini

{"title":"Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Mouse Brain by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Christian Jäger, Karsten Hiller, Manuel Buttini","doi":"10.1002/cpmo.15","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpmo.15","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolites are key mediators of cellular functions, and have emerged as important modulators in a variety of diseases. Recent developments in translational biomedicine have highlighted the importance of not looking at just one disease marker or disease inducing molecule, but at populations thereof to gain a global understanding of cellular function in health and disease. The goal of metabolomics is the systematic identification and quantification of metabolite populations. One of the most pressing issues of our times is the understanding of normal and diseased nervous tissue functions. To ensure high quality data, proper sample processing is crucial. Here, we present a method for the extraction of metabolites from brain tissue, their subsequent preparation for non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement, as well as giving some guidelines for processing of raw data. In addition, we present a sensitive screening method for neurotransmitters based on GC-MS in selected ion monitoring mode. The precise multi-analyte detection and quantification of amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters can be used for further studies such as metabolic modeling. Our protocol can be applied to shed light on nervous tissue function in health, as well as neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and the effect of experimental therapeutics at the metabolic level. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmo.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34354383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Comprehensive Energy Balance Measurements in Mice 小鼠的综合能量平衡测量

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.13

Lee Moir, Liz Bentley, Roger D. Cox

引用次数: 13

Light and Electron Microscopy Methods for Examination of Cochlear Morphology in Mouse Models of Deafness 耳聋小鼠模型耳蜗形态的光镜和电镜检查方法

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.10

Andrew Parker, Lauren Chessum, Philomena Mburu, Jeremy Sanderson, Michael R. Bowl

{"title":"Light and Electron Microscopy Methods for Examination of Cochlear Morphology in Mouse Models of Deafness","authors":"Andrew Parker, Lauren Chessum, Philomena Mburu, Jeremy Sanderson, Michael R. Bowl","doi":"10.1002/cpmo.10","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpmo.10","url":null,"abstract":"Mice are an invaluable model organism for the study of auditory function. Even though there are differences in size and frequency response, the anatomy and physiology of the mouse and human ear are remarkably similar. In addition, the tools available for genetic manipulation in the mouse have enabled the generation of models carrying mutations in orthologous human deafness-causing genes, helping to validate these lesions and assess their functional consequence. Reciprocally, novel gene mutations discovered to cause auditory deficits in the mouse highlight potential new loci for human hearing loss, and expand our basic knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways important for the function of the mammalian ear. Microscopy and imaging are invaluable techniques that allow detailed characterization of cochlear pathologies associated with particular gene mutations. However, the highly organized, delicate, and intricate structures responsible for transduction of sound waves into nerve impulses are encapsulated in one of the hardest bones in the body – the temporal bone. This makes sample preparation without damage to the soft tissue, be it from dissection or processing, somewhat challenging. Fortunately, there are numerous methods for achieving high-quality images of the mouse cochlea. Reported in this article are a selection of sample preparation and imaging techniques that can be used routinely to assess cochlear morphology. Several protocols are also described for immunodetection of proteins in the cochlea. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages between different imaging platforms and their suitability for different types of microscopic examination are highlighted. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmo.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34354381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Histomorphological Phenotyping of the Adult Mouse Brain 成年小鼠脑的组织形态学表型

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.12

Anna Mikhaleva, Meghna Kannan, Christel Wagner, Binnaz Yalcin

引用次数: 26

Peripheral Neuropathy in Mouse Models of Diabetes 糖尿病小鼠周围神经病变模型

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.11

Corinne G. Jolivalt, Katie E. Frizzi, Lucie Guernsey, Alex Marquez, Joseline Ochoa, Maria Rodriguez, Nigel A. Calcutt

引用次数: 80

Development of a Representative Mouse Model with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠模型的建立

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.1

Jef Verbeek, Ans Jacobs, Pieter Spincemaille, David Cassiman

{"title":"Development of a Representative Mouse Model with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","authors":"Jef Verbeek, Ans Jacobs, Pieter Spincemaille, David Cassiman","doi":"10.1002/cpmo.1","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpmo.1","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease in the Western world. It represents a disease spectrum ranging from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In particular, NASH can evolve to fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. The development of novel treatment strategies is hampered by the lack of representative NASH mouse models. Here, we describe a NASH mouse model, which is based on feeding non–genetically manipulated C57BL6/J mice a ‘Western style’ high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HF-HSD). HF-HSD leads to early obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia. After 12 weeks of HF-HSD, all mice exhibit the complete spectrum of features of NASH, including steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and lobular inflammation, together with fibrosis in the majority of mice. Hence, this model closely mimics the human disease. Implementation of this mouse model will lead to a standardized setup for the evaluation of (i) underlying mechanisms that contribute to the progression of NAFLD to NASH, and (ii) therapeutic interventions for NASH. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmo.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34535838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Intestinal Preparation Techniques for Histological Analysis in the Mouse 小鼠肠道制备技术的组织学分析

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.2

Jonathan M. Williams, Carrie A. Duckworth, Kate Vowell, Michael D. Burkitt, D. Mark Pritchard

引用次数: 47

Mouse Models of Asthma 哮喘小鼠模型

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.4

Nincy Debeuf, Eline Haspeslagh, Mary van Helden, Hamida Hammad, Bart N. Lambrecht

{"title":"Mouse Models of Asthma","authors":"Nincy Debeuf, Eline Haspeslagh, Mary van Helden, Hamida Hammad, Bart N. Lambrecht","doi":"10.1002/cpmo.4","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpmo.4","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the conducting airways characterized by the presence of allergen-specific IgE, Th2 cytokine production, eosinophilic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, mucus overproduction, and structural changes in the airways. Investigators have tried to mimic these features of human allergic asthma in murine models. Whereas the surrogate allergen ovalbumin has been extremely valuable for unravelling underlying mechanisms of the disease, murine asthma models depend nowadays on naturally occurring allergens, such as house dust mite (HDM), cockroach, and Alternaria alternata. Here we describe a physiologically relevant model of acute allergic asthma based on sensitization and challenge with HDM extracts, and compare it with the ovalbumin/alum-induced asthma model. Moreover, we propose a detailed readout of the asthma phenotype, determining the degree of eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by flow cytometry, visualizing goblet cell metaplasia, and measuring Th cytokine production by lung-draining mediastinal lymph node cells restimulated with HDM. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmo.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34600679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

An Overview of Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: From Past to Present 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠模型综述:从过去到现在

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.3

Ans Jacobs, Anne-Sophie Warda, Jef Verbeek, David Cassiman, Pieter Spincemaille

引用次数: 34

Overview of Innovative Mouse Models for Imaging Neuroinflammation 神经炎症成像小鼠创新模型综述

Current protocols in mouse biology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.5

Céline Caravagna, Alexandre Jaouën, Franck Debarbieux, Geneviève Rougon

{"title":"Overview of Innovative Mouse Models for Imaging Neuroinflammation","authors":"Céline Caravagna, Alexandre Jaouën, Franck Debarbieux, Geneviève Rougon","doi":"10.1002/cpmo.5","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpmo.5","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroinflammation demands a comprehensive appraisal in situ to gain in-depth knowledge on the roles of particular cells and molecules and their potential roles in therapy. Because of the lack of appropriate tools, direct visualization of cells has been poorly investigated up to the present. In this context, reporter mice expressing cell-specific fluorescent proteins, combined with multiphoton microscopy, provide a window into cellular processes in living animals. In addition, the ability to collect multiple fluorescent colors from the same sample makes in vivo microscopy uniquely useful for characterizing many parameters from the same area, supporting powerful correlative analyses. Here, we present an overview of the advantages and limitations of this approach, with the purpose of providing insight into the neuroinflammation field. We also provide a review of existing fluorescent mouse models and describe how these models have been used in studies of neuroinflammation. Finally, the potential for developing advanced genetic tools and imaging resources is discussed. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","PeriodicalId":37980,"journal":{"name":"Current protocols in mouse biology","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpmo.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34600678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1