{"title":"How accessible is the process of web interface design?","authors":"Kirk Norman, Y. Arber, Ravi Kuber","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513385","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a data gathering study, examining the experiences and day-to-day challenges faced by blind web interface developers when designing sites and online applications. Findings have revealed that considerable amounts of time and cognitive effort can be spent checking code in text editing software and examining the content presented via the web browser. Participants highlighted the burden experienced from committing large sections of code to memory, and the restrictions associated with assistive technologies when performing collaborative tasks with sighted developers and clients. Our future work aims to focus on the development of a multimodal web editing and browsing solution, designed to support both blind and sighted parties during the design process.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114673027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A convenient heuristic model for understanding assistive technology adoption","authors":"Katherine Deibel","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513427","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper presents a generalized heuristic model for understanding various factors that influence the adoption and usage of an assistive technology.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126686549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good fonts for dyslexia","authors":"Luz Rello, R. Baeza-Yates","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513447","url":null,"abstract":"Around 10% of the people have dyslexia, a neurological disability that impairs a person's ability to read and write. There is evidence that the presentation of the text has a significant effect on a text's accessibility for people with dyslexia. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no experiments that objectively measure the impact of the font type on reading performance. In this paper, we present the first experiment that uses eye-tracking to measure the effect of font type on reading speed. Using a within-subject design, 48 subjects with dyslexia read 12 texts with 12 different fonts. Sans serif, monospaced and roman font styles significantly improved the reading performance over serif, proportional and italic fonts. On the basis of our results, we present a set of more accessible fonts for people with dyslexia.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124750469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Gonçalves, V. Kostakos, S. Hosio, E. Karapanos, Olga Lyra
{"title":"IncluCity: using contextual cues to raise awareness on environmental accessibility","authors":"Jorge Gonçalves, V. Kostakos, S. Hosio, E. Karapanos, Olga Lyra","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2517030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2517030","url":null,"abstract":"Awareness campaigns aiming to highlight the accessibility challenges affecting people with disabilities face an important challenge. They often describe the environmental features that pose accessibility barriers out of context, and as a result public cannot relate to the problems at hand. In this paper we demonstrate that contextual cues can enhance people's perception and understanding of accessibility. We describe a two-week study where our participants submitted reports of inaccessible spots all over the city through a web application. Using a 2x2 factorial design we contrast the impact of two types of contextual cues, visual cues (i.e., displaying a picture of the inaccessible spot) and location cues (i.e., ability to zoom-in the exact location). We measure participants' perceptions of accessibility and how they are challenged to consider their own limitations and barriers that may also affect themselves in certain circumstances. Our results suggest that visual cues led to a bigger sense of urgency while also improving participants' attitude towards disability.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130758827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real time object scanning using a mobile phone and cloud-based visual search engine","authors":"Yu Zhong, Pierre Garrigues, Jeffrey P. Bigham","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513443","url":null,"abstract":"Computer vision and human-powered services can provide blind people access to visual information in the world around them, but their efficacy is dependent on high-quality photo inputs. Blind people often have difficulty capturing the information necessary for these applications to work because they cannot see what they are taking a picture of. In this paper, we present Scan Search, a mobile application that offers a new way for blind people to take high-quality photos to support recognition tasks. To support realtime scanning of objects, we developed a key frame extraction algorithm that automatically retrieves high-quality frames from continuous camera video stream of mobile phones. Those key frames are streamed to a cloud-based recognition engine that identifies the most significant object inside the picture. This way, blind users can scan for objects of interest and hear potential results in real time. We also present a study exploring the tradeoffs in how many photos are sent, and conduct a user study with 8 blind participants that compares Scan Search with a standard photo-snapping interface. Our results show that Scan Search allows users to capture objects of interest more efficiently and is preferred by users to the standard interface.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130415385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Guerreiro, D. Gonçalves, Diogo Marques, Tiago Guerreiro, Hugo Nicolau, Kyle Montague
{"title":"The today and tomorrow of Braille learning","authors":"J. Guerreiro, D. Gonçalves, Diogo Marques, Tiago Guerreiro, Hugo Nicolau, Kyle Montague","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513415","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the overwhelming emergence of accessible digital technologies, Braille still plays a role in providing blind people with access to content. Nevertheless, many fail to see the benefits of nurturing Braille, particularly given the time and effort required to achieve proficiency. Our research focuses on maximizing access and motivation to learn and use Braille. We present initial insights from 5 interviews with blind people, comprising of Braille instructors and students, where we characterize the learning process and usage of Braille. Based on our findings, we have identified a set of opportunities around Braille education. Moreover, we devised scenarios, and built hardware and software solutions to motivate discovery and retention of Braille literacy.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132197160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic image conversion to tactile graphic","authors":"Tyler J. Ferro, D. Pawluk","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513406","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, individuals who are blind or visually impaired have limited resources to allow them to interpret information contained in images. The aim of this project is to provide an accessible system to automatically generate tactile graphics for those who need to interpret information contained in visual images. The fundamental steps to accomplish this are to segment and simplify the image. The focus of this paper will be on several methods to segment an image.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114984883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Safe walking technology for people with dementia: what do they want?","authors":"Kristine Holbø, Silje Bøthun, Y. Dahl","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513434","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an attempt to understand how safe walking technology can be designed to fit the needs of people with dementia. Taking inspiration from modern dementia care philosophy, and its emphasis on the individual with dementia, we have performed in-depth investigations of three persons' experiences of living with early-stage dementia. From interviews and co-design workshops with them and their family caregivers, we identified several factors that influence people with dementia's attitudes toward safe walking technology, and how they want the technology to assist them. Relevant factors include: The desire for control and self-management, the subjective experiences of symptoms, personal routines and skills, empathy for care-givers, and the local environment in which they live. Based on these findings, we argue there is a need to reconsider \"surveillance\" as a concept on which to base design of safe walking technology. We also discuss implications for design ethics.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134483482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Motion-games in brain injury rehabilitation: an in-situ multi-method study of inpatient care","authors":"C. Putnam, Jinghui Cheng","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513390","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, we explored how commercial motion-based video games were used in a rehabilitation hospital with patients who have had a brain injury (BI). We interviewed therapists and observed game sessions. Major findings included: (a) the social aspects of gaming were highly valued; (b) therapists had varied physical, cognitive and social goals when using games; and (c) therapists made game decisions primarily based on familiarity versus choosing games that best match therapeutic goals and patient profiles. Our exploration exposed a need for decision tools to help therapists make evidence-based decisions about commercial games; i.e. to help them choose games that match session goals and patient profiles. We have expanded our research to include diary studies in order to gather data for 'seed cases' for decision tools that use case-based reasoning.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124526148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele A. Williams, Kathryn E. Ringland, A. Hurst
{"title":"Designing an accessible clothing tag system for people with vision impairments","authors":"Michele A. Williams, Kathryn E. Ringland, A. Hurst","doi":"10.1145/2513383.2513422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513422","url":null,"abstract":"Many clothing characteristics (from garment color to care instructions) are inaccessible to people with vision impairments. To address this problem, clothing information is gathered from sighted companions, and later recalled using low-tech solutions such as adding safety pins to clothes. Unfortunately, these low-tech solutions require precise memory (such as recalling a pin's meaning) and provide limited information. Using an iterative design approach, we prototyped several alternative technology solutions and tested them with five people with vision impairments. We are working towards an interface that provides detailed information in a streamlined interaction, focusing our future efforts on a wearable RFID tagging solution.","PeriodicalId":378932,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128527229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}