HardwareX最新文献_第9页

Eight-channel high-speed electrical impedance tomography device implemented on a programmable system on a chip 在芯片上可编程系统上实现的八通道高速电阻抗断层扫描装置

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00667

Fausto Andrés Escobar , Carlos Felipe Rengifo , Víctor Hugo Mosquera

{"title":"Eight-channel high-speed electrical impedance tomography device implemented on a programmable system on a chip","authors":"Fausto Andrés Escobar , Carlos Felipe Rengifo , Víctor Hugo Mosquera","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) device based on a programmable system on a chip (PSoc). The EIT-PSoC system is implemented using two PSoC 5LP platforms. A resistive phantom is used to study frame frequency (fps), accuracy (Ac), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A saline phantom, along with both conductive and non-conductive objects, is employed to evaluate the system’s ability to detect changes in impedance distribution. Finally, the dielectric characteristics of the human lower pelvis is emulated using four agar phantoms, allowing an evaluation of the EIT-PSoC system’s performance in response to changes in fluid volume and conductivity. Experiments conducted on the resistive phantom to characterize the EIT-PSoC system demonstrate a frame frequency of 100 fps, a median SNR of 63.59 dB, and an accuracy of 95.39% when using a 0.98 mA sinusoidal current signal at 50 kHz. EIT image reconstruction shows that the proposed system can distinguish impedance changes in the saline phantom. Additionally, by utilizing the global impedance (GI) index and the agar phantoms, the EIT-PSoC system can detect changes in volume and conductivity, making this system a promising alternative for monitoring the volume and conductivity of biological fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

OASIS-UROS: Open acquisition system for IEPE sensors - upgraded, refined, and overhauled software OASIS-UROS：用于IEPE传感器的开放式采集系统——升级、改进和大修软件

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00650

Oliver Maximilian Zobel , Johannes Maierhofer , Andreas Köstler , Daniel J. Rixen

{"title":"OASIS-UROS: Open acquisition system for IEPE sensors - upgraded, refined, and overhauled software","authors":"Oliver Maximilian Zobel , Johannes Maierhofer , Andreas Köstler , Daniel J. Rixen","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>OASIS-UROS</em> continues the previously published <em>Open Acquisition System for IEPE Sensors (OASIS)</em>. While still building on the <em>ESP32</em> microcontroller, this version improves the overall performance by switching to an SD card caching system and upgrading the analog-digital converter to an <em>AD7606C-18</em>, which has a higher resolution, provides eight channels, oversampling, and software-adjustable voltage ranges. Also improved is the IEPE front-end and power supply, as well as the firmware of the acquisition system, which can now achieve a sample rate of up to 36kHz while sampling all eight channels. This paper documents the hardware and software of <em>OASIS-UROS</em> and provides all materials required to reproduce the open acquisition system. Lastly, the system was validated against commercial hardware and software in an experimental modal analysis context. This showed that the system performs close to the commercial one in some aspects with respect to the utilized test case. While <em>OASIS-UROS</em> cannot match the full performance of the commercial system, the developed system can be a viable alternative for students, people in academia, or smaller companies that have a constrained budget or require complete insight as well as adaptability of the hardware and software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Open-source three-dimensional IoT anemometer for indoor air quality monitoring 用于室内空气质量监测的开源三维物联网风速仪

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00656

Elizabeth Ospina-Rojas , Juan Botero-Valencia , Daniel Betancur-Vasquez , Joshua M. Pearce

{"title":"Open-source three-dimensional IoT anemometer for indoor air quality monitoring","authors":"Elizabeth Ospina-Rojas , Juan Botero-Valencia , Daniel Betancur-Vasquez , Joshua M. Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ventilation in an enclosed space can significantly influence people’s comfort, health, and safety. Poor ventilation can generate temperatures dangerous to health or obstruct the dispersion of environmental pollutants, such as toxic gases or pollution. Measuring indoor environmental conditions can thus help improve the quality of the environment and protect people’s health and comfort. This work proposes the design of an open-source anemometer to measure wind speed and direction in three dimensions. The purpose of this anemometer is to monitor wind conditions in enclosed spaces and environmental conditions related to air quality and temperature. The prototype uses an array of six unidirectional flow sensors, each pointing towards a different axis. Carbon dioxide (CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), volatile organic compounds (VOC), temperature, humidity, pressure, and gas presence sensors are integrated to monitor indoor environmental conditions accurately. Measuring the vertical component of the wind provides more detailed information on wind conditions. Test results show that the device can detect variations in wind speed with a deviation of 0.25 m/s, detect changes in horizontal wind direction with a deviation of 3.7°, and detect vertical wind direction variations with a deviation of 3.02°. These measurements demonstrate that the proposed device is capable of detecting wind changes in three dimensions, validating its potential for detailed indoor airflow monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LevelWAN: a cost-effective, open-source IoT system for water level monitoring in highly dynamic aquatic environments LevelWAN：一个具有成本效益的开源物联网系统，用于高动态水生环境中的水位监测

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00685

Ilane Cherif , Frédéric Cherqui , Franck Perret , Bastien Bourjaillat , Lionel Lord , Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski , Nicolas Walcker , Maria Gisi , Laëtitia Bacot , Oldrich Navratil

{"title":"LevelWAN: a cost-effective, open-source IoT system for water level monitoring in highly dynamic aquatic environments","authors":"Ilane Cherif , Frédéric Cherqui , Franck Perret , Bastien Bourjaillat , Lionel Lord , Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski , Nicolas Walcker , Maria Gisi , Laëtitia Bacot , Oldrich Navratil","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deployment of low-cost network sensors (LCNS) for environmental monitoring has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, offering a cost-effective solution for enhancing spatial sensor coverage while minimizing financial constraints. This study presents <em>LevelWAN</em>, a water level monitoring system specifically designed for highly dynamic aquatic environments such as rivers, ponds or lakes. <em>LevelWAN</em> is an open-source, robust, and cost-effective Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring solution incorporating an ultrasonic sensor. The electronic components were carefully selected for their affordability, reliability, and performance. The system underwent a fully autonomous, long-term (3-year) field test in a challenging and highly dynamic environment – a sewer system – to validate its robustness. Its accuracy was assessed against a high-precision professional device, demonstrating an error margin of less than 1 cm. Additionally, <em>LevelWAN</em> was developed with a user-friendly design to facilitate accessibility for non-experts, aligning with the needs of citizen science initiatives and educational applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Open Lab Starter Kit Small Laser V2–an open source Fab lab produced laser cutter 开放实验室入门套件小型激光v2 -一个开源Fab实验室生产的激光切割机

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00664

Daniele Ingrassia , Gaia Di Martino , J.C. Mariscal-Melgar , Mohammed Omer , Liane Sayuri Honda , Luisa Lange , Marc Kohlen , Manuel Moritz , Tobias Redlich

{"title":"Open Lab Starter Kit Small Laser V2–an open source Fab lab produced laser cutter","authors":"Daniele Ingrassia , Gaia Di Martino , J.C. Mariscal-Melgar , Mohammed Omer , Liane Sayuri Honda , Luisa Lange , Marc Kohlen , Manuel Moritz , Tobias Redlich","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of Open Source manufacturing ecosystems is a multifaceted phenomenon, fueled by the proliferation of digital fabrication technologies, the collaborative spirit of the Open Source movement, and the creation of spaces like hackerspaces, and fab-labs. Part of the efforts is the Open Lab Starter Kit (OLSK), a set of machines designed to lower the barriers to entry for everyone. The OLSK Small Laser V2, an integral component of the OLSK, represents the second phase of design and prototyping within the scope of an Open Source Laser Cutter initiative. Being reproducibility and accessibility central goal of the OLSK, great attention was given not only to the design of the hardware, but also to the development of comprehensive documentation. The documentation, encompassing repositories and assembly manuals, assumes a pivotal role within the project framework, aiming to facilitate swift reproduction and user-friendly accessibility. Functionally, the OLSK Small Laser V2 is comparable with mainstream off-the-shelf laser cutters, demonstrating proficient cutting capabilities across commonly processed materials compatible with a 40 W CO<sub>2</sub> laser cutter, such as plywood, acrylics and Medium-Density Fiberboard (MFD), with a cutting area of 400 mm x 600 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-cost, LoRa GNSS tracker for wildlife monitoring 用于野生动物监测的低成本LoRa GNSS追踪器

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00669

Adam F. Parlin , Ned A. Horning , Jason P. Alstad , Bradley J. Cosentino , James P. Gibbs

{"title":"Low-cost, LoRa GNSS tracker for wildlife monitoring","authors":"Adam F. Parlin , Ned A. Horning , Jason P. Alstad , Bradley J. Cosentino , James P. Gibbs","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of GNSS tracking has allowed researchers to obtain detailed information on animal movement, which informs basic natural history and conservation management decisions. However, many devices are tailored to specific taxa thus limiting broader applicability. We present an open-source LoRaWAN (long range wide area network) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) tracker, and an alternative commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) development board global positioning system (GPS) tracker, a subset of the GNSS system. The COTS development board tracker provides a pathway for designing and implementing a general purpose LoRaWAN tracking unit, while the advantages of the Wildlife Movement Institute (WMI) tracker permit specific animal tracking and additional information to be collected, such as battery voltage, estimated precision error, and received signal strength intensity. Both units have documentation for setting up a LoRa application and network server and can be easily programmed using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment. To test the utility of these trackers in a LoRa data transmission application, we pilot tested the units on Eastern gray squirrels in Syracuse, New York, USA. Our trackers highlight the capability for customizable, open-source tracking technology that can be tailored to a suite of study organisms allowing researchers to design, develop, and deploy low-cost, specialized wildlife tracking equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mobile EEG: Software development and performance insights of the DreamMachine 增强移动EEG: DreamMachine的软件开发和性能洞察

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00689

Paria Samimisabet, Laura Krieger, Marc Vidal De Palol, Deniz Gün, Gordon Pipa

{"title":"Enhancing mobile EEG: Software development and performance insights of the DreamMachine","authors":"Paria Samimisabet, Laura Krieger, Marc Vidal De Palol, Deniz Gün, Gordon Pipa","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in fields such as neurology, cognitive neuroscience, sleep research, and mental health. It records brain electrical activity to study neurophysiological functions. Numerous EEG and mobile EEG systems are available. However, adherence to the standards set by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) is essential for ensuring high-quality data collection in clinical environments. The DreamMachine, a mobile EEG device, complies fully with these standards, offering 24-channel recordings at 250 Hz, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and capabilities for electrooculography (EOG) and electrocardiography (ECG). Its low cost makes it an accessible option for EEG studies. The software architecture of the open-source DreamMachine is detailed in this study. Focus is placed on data compression and communication between the device and its companion Android application. The details of the Android application’s features, including gain settings, bits per channel, filters, bit-shifting, and safety factors, are investigated. Subsequently, the system’s performance is evaluated through a standard eyes-open/eyes-closed experiment, comparing its results with a laboratory EEG system across a significant number of participants to assess the performance of the DreamMachine system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An LED-based multi-sample absorbance spectrophotometer for chemistry and biochemistry 一种基于led的化学和生物化学多样品吸收分光光度计

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00690

David P. Goldenberg

{"title":"An LED-based multi-sample absorbance spectrophotometer for chemistry and biochemistry","authors":"David P. Goldenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The instrument described in this article measures the absorbance of visible light (with wavelengths in the range of approximately 400 to 650nm) by liquid samples, a method widely used for determining solute concentrations. To minimize the cost of the instrument, interchangeable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as light sources. Transmitted light is detected using a photodiode device and the signals are processed using an Arduino microprocessor board. Measured absorbances are displayed on an LCD panel and can be transferred to another device via a USB interface. The instrument has measuring positions for up to six samples, each with a separate LED and detector, making it particularly well suited for parallel kinetic experiments with multiple samples. Because the spectrophotometer was designed with undergraduate laboratory courses in mind, it has a modular construction that allows for easy assembly and disassembly, so that students can be given an opportunity to assemble the instrument themselves. The device has a power requirement of only 0.4W from a 5V USB supply, making it practical for field studies or other applications where access to electric power is limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A low-cost portable system for 3-Axis measurement of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields 一种低成本便携式系统，用于静态和极低频磁场的三轴测量

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00683

Veronika Wohlmuthova, Michal Labuda, Mariana Benova

{"title":"A low-cost portable system for 3-Axis measurement of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields","authors":"Veronika Wohlmuthova, Michal Labuda, Mariana Benova","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic fields play a crucial role in modern science and technology - yet precise and accessible tools for their measurement remain limited, especially for small laboratories, educators, or independent researchers. This paper introduces a novel, open-source magnetic field measurement system based on three-axis sensors for monitoring both direct and extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The device features a modular hardware design centered around a custom PCB, enabling flexible analog filtering, Bluetooth data transmission, and offline LCD visualization. By combining the MC858 and MPU9250 sensors with precise analog signal conditioning and a 12-bit ADC, the system ensures reliable detection of magnetic fields including the 50 Hz mains frequency and its harmonics. To verify the functionality of the device, experimental measurements were conducted inside a Faraday cage using a common hair dryer placed at distances of 1 cm and 3 cm from the sensors as a source of electromagnetic field. Frequency analysis confirmed reliable detection of the dominant 50 Hz component and its harmonics, as well as the system’s ability to distinguish changes in field intensity based on distance and operating state of the source device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Respiratory pressure and flow data collection device providing a framework for closed-loop mechanical ventilation 提供闭环机械通气框架的呼吸压力和流量数据采集装置

IF 2

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00671

Samuel Hastings, Jacob Mildenhall, Kayla Sinclair, Ella F.S. Guy, Jaimey A. Clifton, Jordan F. Hill, Yunpeng Su, J. Geoffrey Chase

{"title":"Respiratory pressure and flow data collection device providing a framework for closed-loop mechanical ventilation","authors":"Samuel Hastings, Jacob Mildenhall, Kayla Sinclair, Ella F.S. Guy, Jaimey A. Clifton, Jordan F. Hill, Yunpeng Su, J. Geoffrey Chase","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article details a pressure and flow sensor system device which enables a framework for the research and development of personalized mechanical ventilator support in a closed-loop or semi-closed-loop control system, where the measurements from this device could be hooked to digital twin models and any ventilator allowing open control.</div><div>In current practice, patient response to mechanical ventilation is highly variable. Furthermore, current weaning best-practice relies on clinical experience which can lead to variability and inequality in both care and health outcomes. Personalized care can improve these inequalities in care due to patient variability when combined with digital twin models, which simulate physiology based on patient specific data, by improving the level of care possible in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit), regardless of clinician experience and/or patient variability.</div><div>The device consists of two 3D printed custom Venturis and a Y-piece, with differential pressure sensors measuring gauge, inhalation, and exhalation pressure at the patient. The sensor system has an operating range of ±50.8cmH<sub>2</sub>O and a mean error in flow data of 3.2%. The system uses BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication between ESP32-S3 development boards to facilitate the closed loop framework. Within this loop, pressure data is sent to a digital beside sheet, which runs digital twin protocols and sends commands to a BLE controlled ventilator. Overall, this device allows the future development and validation of personalized mechanical ventilation treatment through integration with digital twin models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0