Optimum. Economic Studies最新文献_第4页

3i – polskie ścieżki industrializacji (1918-1989): propozycja weryfikacji ich efektywności ekonomicznej i społecznej użyteczności

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 2019-02-05 DOI: 10.15290/OES.2019.01.95.04

Roman Macyra

{"title":"3i – polskie ścieżki industrializacji (1918-1989): propozycja weryfikacji ich efektywności ekonomicznej i społecznej użyteczności","authors":"Roman Macyra","doi":"10.15290/OES.2019.01.95.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/OES.2019.01.95.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – After 1918, in the new political circumstances, the state of the national economy revealed itself in different variations, on one hand, as a remnant of the military heritage and the resulting various positive and negative circumstances, and on the other hand, somehow pointing to the existing entrepreneurial potential accumulated in the society. The result of this balance was clearly negative and in accordance to the conditions, various governmental projects were initiated, the purpose of which was to change the economic structure of the state. Paying attention to the effects of the state's economic policy in the context of the expenditure incurred since the moment of regaining independence is perhaps a different proposal, but precisely in the context of the economic effectiveness of the assessment of these state actions. This is accompanied by the awareness of the systemic diversity that defines both the goals and the effects of these economic policies. Research methodology – The analysis was based on the studies of statistical data and scientific and source studies in terms of their interpretation to the formulated thesis about the relationship between inputs and outcomes. Finding – Preliminary results, which stems from too few analyzed economic indicators, only indicate the direction of possible further studies. They emphasize to the debatability of the final assessments if they are based only on quantitative measures. I point to the possible necessity, to consider other potential fields of correlation between the final effects and the outlays used for this purpose.Originality/value – The difference is that almost all presentations of economic indicators show that in all the individual industrialization paths an economic progress has beed noted, but was this effect, in fact, was positive in relation to the expenditure incurred – this is what I am trying to draw attention to in this text.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123085600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Pomiar poziomu życia ludności – dylematy doboru wskaźników

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.01

Czesław Bywalec

{"title":"Pomiar poziomu życia ludności – dylematy doboru wskaźników","authors":"Czesław Bywalec","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the article is to present and analyse the indicators used in measuring and assessing the population’s standard of living. Research method – Formal and statistical analysis of the nature of indicators used in research on the standard of living; evaluation of the criteria for their selection. Results – Population’s standard of living is a multitier and multi-disciplinary category. It covers phenomena pertaining to such fields as economy, education, culture, health protection, public safety, communication, and ecology. Research on the standard of living should necessarily rely on the indica-tors referring to all these areas; it should also endeavour to aggregate them within a single indicator that could be used in assessing the population’s overall standard of living. If such research is to comply withscientific principles, the indicators used therein should have appropriate features, and their selectionmust be based on strictly defined criteria and procedures. The article discusses the characteristics of such indicators and estimates the criteria for their selection and aggregation. Originality /value /implications /recommendation – The article draws on the author's extensive experien-ce in research on the population’s standard of living. It attempts at organizing the criteria and methodsof selecting the so-called partial indicators used in the current studies of the different areas of social life considered within the research on the population’s standard of living, and at transforming them into a single aggregate indicator.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115447235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cyfryzacja procesów innowacyjnych – analiza poziomów zaangażowania mikro, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw sektora usług w Polsce

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.07

K. Łobacz, Roman Tylżanowski

{"title":"Cyfryzacja procesów innowacyjnych – analiza poziomów zaangażowania mikro, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw sektora usług w Polsce","authors":"K. Łobacz, Roman Tylżanowski","doi":"10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The main goal of this article is to expand the overall understanding of the level and intensity of digitization of innovation processes in service MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises), based on a pilot study conducted at the end of 2021 in Poland. Research method – The analysis was performed with reference to the innovation process model, which included its six general stages. The results summarize the results on the level of digitization of a sample of 350 companies from different service sectors and provide an overview of digital innovation practices in relation to overall engagement in the innovation process. Results – Conclusions are drawn about the type and scope of digital tools used to improve individual innovation management activities. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article presents the results of research on the level of digitization of enterprises in the service sectors based on the proprietary methodology. It demonstrates how the digitalisation of innovation process is practiced in service enterprises and what basic differences are observed in this regard between particular sectors.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123874358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocena zdolności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego do finansowania projektów inwestycyjnych w perspektywie finansowej 2021–2027

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.06

Michał Bitner, Jacek Sierak

{"title":"Ocena zdolności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego do finansowania projektów inwestycyjnych w perspektywie finansowej 2021–2027","authors":"Michał Bitner, Jacek Sierak","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the research is to assess the capacity of Polish local governments to finance investments in the EU 2021–2027 multiannual financial framework. Due to the importance of local governments as public investors, their capacity to finance invest-ments, which are largely development projects, is an important factor in increasing the international competitiveness of the entire country.Research method – The research consists in the construction of a forecasting model and then preparation of cash flow forecasts for all local governments in Poland. Four forecast scenarios made it possible to estimate the impact of changes in individual assumptions on the size of the investment capacity of local governments.Results – Forecasts indicate some symptoms of the local government finance crisis and the risk of its aggravation. Maintaining a faster growth rate of current expenditure than cur-rent revenue, with investment needs resulting, inter alia, from the necessity to absorb the EU funds, will lead to an unprecedented increase in debt. This relates primarily to poviat -cities responsible for the implementation of a significant part of public development projects. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The study was based on the authors’ method of forecasting financial processes in each local government (excluding voivodships). Its results allow the formulation of important conclusions. It was shown that in the case of a large number of local governments, the implementation of investments at the current level will be possible only on condition of a significant reduction in the growth of current expenditures. However, with regard to cities with poviat rights, it may be necessary to change the financing system itself.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"87 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113963746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evaluation of the competitive potential and performance of the agricultural sector in the EU countries based on a synthetic index 基于综合指数对欧盟国家农业部门竞争潜力和表现的评价

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.08

Aneta Jarosz-Angowska, A. Kasztelan, E. Kołodziej

{"title":"The evaluation of the competitive potential and performance of the agricultural sector in the EU countries based on a synthetic index","authors":"Aneta Jarosz-Angowska, A. Kasztelan, E. Kołodziej","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This paper presents the results of an assessment of the aggregated competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the EU member states. The authors sought answers to the following questions: What is the general level of competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the European Union? Which countries are leaders in the EU and which are outsiders in this area? Research method – The analyses were based on a set of intentionally selected multi-criteria indicators and taxonomic methods. An aggregated Competitiveness Index (CI) was designed, which allowed evaluating and classifying EU countries into categories in terms of the studied phenomenon. The analysis draws upon data derived from the World Bank’s and Eurostat statistical databases, and the assessment covered two years – 2004 and 2018. Results – The mean CI in 2018 for all the evaluated countries was 0.1701, while in the base year it was 0.1942, which means that in the analysed years the general competitiveness level of agricultural sectors in the EU member states declined. Considering the possible range of CI (0.1), this level was very low in both analysed years. The general competitiveness level fell due to: the reduced use of fertilisers, decrease in the relative export orientation, smaller area of arable land and a decline in employment in agriculture. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The analysis of the agricultural sector presented in this paper, using a comprehensive index, is the approach that has not been previously applied, taking into account the selection of the components of a comprehensive index, which was made on the basis of the literature studies. The proposed index allowed classifying the countries of the European Union according to both their resources and performance in production and trade in the agricultural sector and comparing the position they occupied in 2004 and in 2018.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130902769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the results of Polish socially responsible funds COVID-19大流行对波兰社会责任基金成果的影响

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.06

P. Jamróz, D. Żebrowska-Suchodolska

引用次数: 0

Determinanty (nie)przejrzystości finansów samorządowych

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.02

M. Jastrzębska

{"title":"Determinanty (nie)przejrzystości finansów samorządowych","authors":"M. Jastrzębska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the article is to identify the determinants of transparency of local government finance and to indicate which of them positively and negatively affect its level, with particular emphasis on the situation in Poland. Research method – The article is theoretical in nature, based on a review of the literature on the subject in economics and finance, organisation and management, and sociology. The method of descriptive analysis and comparative analysis was used. Results – The role of local government reporting as a source of useful information is restricted. The flow of information about the condition of self-government finance and communal assets between the self-government authorities and the inhabitants is limited. Frequent changes in the legal regulations of self-government finance increase its opacity. Centralisation of public finance limits the financial independence of the local government and negatively affects the transparency of its finance. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – Studies on the evaluation of transparency of local government finance in Poland are rarely undertaken. Attention was paid to the supply-side and demand-side approaches to transparency in local government finance. Determinants of financial transparency of local government units were identified in their further environment (macro-environment) in the socio-cultural, political-legal, economic dimension, and in their closer environment (micro-environment) in the institutional dimension.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114952613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wydatki zrównoważone środowiskowo w budżetach lokalnych w Polsce

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.04

Daniel Budzeń, Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak

{"title":"Wydatki zrównoważone środowiskowo w budżetach lokalnych w Polsce","authors":"Daniel Budzeń, Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The main objective of the study is to evaluate green expenditure under the budgets of local government units (LGU). The proposal is dictated by the difficulty, noticed by the authors, in measuring and assessing the expenditure incurred by local government units, which are to contribute to the development of the green budget concept. Research method – The implementation of the main goal will be based on the analysis of the literature on the topic in national and foreign terms. Statistical methods (including descriptive statistics and structure analysis) were used for quantitative research. The source of the data are the budget reports of local government units published by the Ministry of Finance. Results – As part of the study, the obtained results allow for the analysis of the amount of green expenses implemented, as well as the share of green expenses in property expenses. The highest total values of estimated green expenditure realized by all types of local government units were observed in 2018–2019, in which PLN 10.5 billion (2018) and PLN 10.6 billion (2019) were spent, respectively. The average share of green expenditure in property expenditure in local government units in 2010–2021 was 28.2%. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The conducted analysis may be a stimulus for further research on the basis of which a synthetic indicator of green spending could be developed. This measure may allow an objective comparison of outlays incurred by local government units in the areas covered by the European taxonomy in the future.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129343798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficiency of R&D expenditure in Poland and the other member countries of the European Union: comparative analysis by the DEA method 波兰与欧盟其他成员国研发支出效率:基于DEA方法的比较分析

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.01

Kinga Karpińska

{"title":"Efficiency of R&D expenditure in Poland and the other member countries of the European Union: comparative analysis by the DEA method","authors":"Kinga Karpińska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Measurement and evaluation of the effectiveness of R&D expenditure in Poland and comparison of this amount to selected European countries.Research method – The effectiveness of R&D expenditure was measured using the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, which is result-oriented, since the goal of the R&D sector is to maximize the effects. In this paper, a model was created to determine the effectiveness of R&D expenditure in relation to the effects in the form of: the number of scientific publications, the number of patent applications submitted to the EPO and the export of high-tech products per 1 million euros of R&D expenditure.Results – The overall efficiency index for Poland was 0.6925 and was slightly higher than the average for the countries in the study group (0.682). In the efficiency ranking Poland was ranked 12th. The only country that was fully efficient was Germany. Second place was taken by France (0.815), and third place by Italy (0.7825).Originality / value / implications / recommendations– The paper presents a comprehensive analysis, evaluation and comparison of the effectiveness of R&D expenditure in Poland in relation to European countries using the DEA method, taking into account three effects, i.e.: the number of publications, the number of patent applications and exports of high-tech products.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129614703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kierunki wydatkowania środków w ramach funduszy sołeckich w latach 2010–2021 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem województwa dolnośląskiego

Optimum. Economic Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.10

J. Olejniczak, Dorota Bednarska-Olejniczak

{"title":"Kierunki wydatkowania środków w ramach funduszy sołeckich w latach 2010–2021 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem województwa dolnośląskiego","authors":"J. Olejniczak, Dorota Bednarska-Olejniczak","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the change in the directions of spending within the framework of village funds over the years 2010–2021indicated by the residents of municipalities. Research method – A descriptive method with elements of analysis of reporting data from databases of the Ministry of Finance on expenditure of municipalities within the village funds was used in this paper. Results – On the basis of the research, directions of spending within the framework of the village funds in selected municipalities (sections 921, 926, 900, 600, 750, 754 and 801) were identified. The main ones were expenditures from sections 921 and 900, but there were significant fluctuations in their level and frequency of occurrence in individual municipalities in the long term. Large differences in the share of expenditures of individual departments in successive years may suggest that residents submitted for financing the projects that were most important to them at a given moment. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The analysis is the first attempt in the literature to assess changes in the directions of spending at the level of individual municipalities over such a long period. It indicates that the analysis of the direction of spending of the village funds should not refer to short periods of time, primarily due to the observed fluctuations in the level of these expenditures in different years. At the same time, it indicates the necessity of further detailed research on long-term changes in the direction of expenditures from these funds at the level of the villages (sołectwo) themselves.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126823388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0