Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Surgical Intervention and Treatment of a Mammary Adenocarcinoma in the Sugar Glider (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>): A Double Case Report.","authors":"Taryn Peña, Zoë Tormollen","doi":"10.1155/crve/6684002","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/6684002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 6-year-old, intact female sugar glider (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) presented for evaluation after experiencing progressive weight loss and lethargy. Sedated examination revealed a firm, 7-mm wide marsupium mass, and surgery was pursued after cytology results suggested epithelial malignancy. The patient's entire marsupium was surgically excised, and biopsy of the associated tumor revealed a primary mammary adenocarcinoma without vascular infiltration. Preoperative and postoperative antibiotics and meloxicam were used to decrease inflammation and infection following the procedure. At the 6- and 12-month recheck examinations, the initial patient was well-muscled and energetic with no signs of neoplastic recurrence. Case 1 had confirmed disease-free survival at 12 months. A second 6-year-old, intact female sugar glider presented for surgical consultation following the fine-needle aspiration of a bilobular marsupium mass. Analogous surgical protocols were implemented with the second patient. Subsequent biopsy revealed neoplastic epithelial cells consistent with a mammary adenocarcinoma. No local recurrence or disease progression has been reported for the second patient following the operation. Case 2 had owner-reported well-being at 11 months without clinical re-examination. To the authors' knowledge, these cases represent the first reported survival beyond 11 months following surgical treatment of mammary adenocarcinoma in <i>P. breviceps</i>, though long-term recurrence risk remains unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6684002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclosporine as a Novel Therapeutic Option for Eosinophilic Cystitis in a Paraplegic Dog.","authors":"Lara Vilela Soares, Yury Carantino Costa Andrade, Maria Eduarda Raffaini de Oliveira Cunha, Alessandra Aparecida Medeiros Ronchi, Vanessa Martins Fayad Milken, Sofia Borin-Crivellenti, Leandro Z Crivellenti","doi":"10.1155/crve/7317611","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/7317611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic cystitis is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and proliferation within the layers of the bladder wall. Its etiology remains unclear, and there is no established consensus regarding treatment in either human or veterinary medicine. A 4-year-old female dog developed paraplegia after a car accident, with a spinal cord injury in the lumbar region diagnosed by radiography. Five months after the trauma, the animal began to present with hematuria and recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection, with an unsatisfactory response to conventional therapies with bladder emptying management and antibiotics for 1 year. Bladder wall biopsy revealed findings consistent with eosinophilic cystitis. Due to the persistence of clinical signs, cyclosporine treatment was initiated, alongside previous surgery and antibiotics, resulting in significant clinical improvement, normalization of bladder ultrasonographic findings, and no observed adverse effects during the treatment period. The medication was continued for 6 months, followed by a gradual tapering. Six months after discontinuation, the animal remained asymptomatic. This case highlights the potential use of cyclosporine in the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis and supports the hypothesis that spinal cord injury may represent a possible risk factor for EC in dogs. It also emphasizes the importance of including EC in the differential diagnosis of bladder wall thickening. This report has some limitations, including the evaluation of a single patient, the use of concurrent therapies, and the absence of serum cyclosporine level monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7317611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx in a Dog.","authors":"Edenilson Doná Frigerio, Samira das Mercês Saboia Bezerra, Luísa Husz Toledo, Bruna Rodrigues Ferreira Sengue, Maria Eduarda Roselli Silvério, Igor Luiz Salardani Senhorello, Alexandre Lima de Andrade, Daniela Bernadete Rozza, Gisele Fabrino Machado","doi":"10.1155/crve/5935429","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/5935429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm commonly affecting the skin and oral cavity of dogs, whereas laryngeal involvement is considered rare. Neoplasms arising in the larynx may cause severe upper airway obstruction and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the anatomical and functional constraints of this region. An 11-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was evaluated for a one-month history of progressive upper airway obstruction characterized by dyspnea, tachypnea, and dysphagia. Clinical examination revealed a solitary mass protruding into the laryngeal lumen in the arytenoid region. Surgical excision was performed, and intraoperative frozen section evaluation indicated compromised surgical margins. Definitive histopathology confirmed an invasive SCC. Adjunct electrochemotherapy was applied following identification of compromised surgical margins, and the dog showed favorable short-term clinical recovery following surgery. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was observed during a three-month follow-up period. This case highlights the clinical relevance of laryngeal SCC in dogs and emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical examination and early detection, as well as the integration of clinical evaluation, histopathology, and intraoperative margin assessment in the management of upper airway neoplasms. The combined use of surgical excision, frozen section analysis, and adjunct electrochemotherapy may be considered a potential therapeutic approach in anatomically constrained regions where complete tumor removal is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5935429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Proximal Radioulnar Osteosarcoma in a Great Dane Dog.","authors":"Prakash Adhikari, Abishek Khanal, Dinesh Kumar Singh, Binita Kunwar, Ayushma Aryal","doi":"10.1155/crve/7060510","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/7060510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in dogs, characterized by aggressive local invasion and early metastatic potential, most frequently affecting the appendicular skeleton of large and giant breeds. This report describes a rare case of proximal radioulnar osteosarcoma in a 3.5-year-old intact male Great Dane that presented with progressive left forelimb lameness, swelling distal to the elbow, and weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed an aggressive mixed lytic-proliferative lesion involving the proximal radius and ulna, with distinct margins and no radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis. A definitive diagnosis of proximal radioulnar osteosarcoma was established by histopathological examination following forelimb amputation with scapulectomy. The dog underwent surgery and showed good postoperative recovery, with no evidence of recurrence during a 6-month follow-up period. Adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended to prevent metastasis, but the owner's financial constraints did not allow for this treatment. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, and timely surgical intervention in managing canine osteosarcoma, particularly at uncommon anatomical sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7060510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13347832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Myocardial Thickening in an 11-Year-Old Cat Infected With Feline Infectious Peritonitis and Treated With GS-441524.","authors":"M Dhunputh, M Petibon, A Avé, B Castro, S Besançon, P Verwaerde, V Saponaro","doi":"10.1155/crve/8562619","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/8562619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report provides a thorough description of the clinical assessment and management of an extremely rare case of transient myocardial thickening associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and highlights the overlap of clinical signs secondary to FIP or congestive heart failure. An 11-year-old male Norwegian cat was presented with a 3-week history of weakness, dysorexia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and weight loss. Thoracic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) revealed severe bilateral pleural effusion without cardiac chamber enlargement. Blood work including serum protein electrophoresis (demonstrating polyclonal gammopathy) was suggestive of FIP. Analyses of pleural effusion consisted of real-time PCR being positive for FCoV nucleic acids with a high viral load and slightly equivocal increased NT-proBNP. Together with the noncardiogenic nature of the effusion, these findings were consistent with a diagnosis of FIP. Three days after the presentation, the cat exhibited progressive dyspnea secondary to newly collected pleural effusion with markedly increased NT-proBNP. At that time, echocardiography revealed left ventricular wall thickening and left atrial enlargement, thus suggesting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or myocarditis with left-sided congestive heart failure. Cardiac troponin I concentration was increased. Nine days after admission, the patient was discharged on cardiac therapy and nucleoside analog GS-441524. Fifteen days after initiation of GS treatment, echocardiography showed a decrease in left ventricular wall thickness. No long-term complications or recurrences of FIP or myocardial hypertrophy were observed at the 1.5-, 4-, and 18-month follow-ups, with normalization of cardiac troponin I concentration and echocardiographic variables, thus supporting the hypothesis of FIP-related transient myocardial thickening. To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the rare reports of transient myocardial thickening in the FIP setting, following GS-441524 treatment. Cardiac POCUS and NT-proBNP dosage in pleural effusion should systematically be performed in order to unmask congestive heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8562619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13334134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Lesions Associated With Feline Herpesvirus-1 Modified Live Vaccine Strain F2 in Two Cats.","authors":"Yasuharu Suga, Seiya Maehara, Akihiko Saito, Yasunari Kitamura, Rikio Kirisawa","doi":"10.1155/crve/8387185","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/8387185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) modified live vaccine (MLV) is designated as a core vaccine for cats. As reported here, two 2-month-old domestic short hair cats (Cat 1 and Cat 2; the two were littermates) initially presented with sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, and ocular discomfort (Day 0), which had persisted since their vaccination. At 1.5 months of age, both cats were vaccinated with a vaccine containing the FHV-1 MLV strain F2 at another clinic. A few days later, they developed sneezing and ocular discharge almost simultaneously. Ten days after vaccination, they were diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis and administered corticosteroid eye drops for 7 days. On Day 0, both cats presented with dendritic ulcers in one eye and a superficial corneal ulcer in the other eye. Treatment with oral antiherpesvirus medication and hyaluronic acid eye drops was initiated. A genomic analysis of FHV-1 strains isolated on Day 0 and of specimens obtained on Day 3 for real-time PCR suggested that both cats were infected with the same strain as the F2 strain and that there was no mixed infection with the field strain. Real-time PCR was performed to identify ocular surface pathogens other than FHV-1, and feline calicivirus (FCV) was detected in specimens collected from the superficial corneal ulcers of both cats on Day 3. On Day 6, dendritic ulcers in both cats healed. On Day 15, superficial corneal ulcers in both cats developed corneal crystalline deposits and deep neovascularization. In the eyes with superficial corneal ulcers in both cats, symblepharon subsequently developed in Cat 1, and eosinophilic keratitis subsequently developed in Cat 2. In conclusion, findings suggested that corneal ulcers caused by the F2 strain may be associated with the development of specific corneal lesions in cats that were young, that had a coinfection with FCV, and that were administered corticosteroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8387185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marked Cauda Equina Compression Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Protrusion Resulting in Severe Chronic Neuritis and Neural Fibrosis in a Dog.","authors":"Eva Epstein, Allison Mooney","doi":"10.1155/crve/3879955","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/3879955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 7-year-old male intact German shorthaired pointer was referred to a board-certified veterinary neurologist for further evaluation of a chronic (> 6 months) history of gradually progressive paraparesis, limp tail, and spinal pain despite medical management of these clinical signs and presumptive neurologic disease with the family veterinarian. Radiographs revealed evidence of intervertebral disc space collapse, endplate sclerosis, and bridging spondylosis at L7-S1, and the patient was presumptively diagnosed with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS). Initial medical management included oral analgesics, oral anti-inflammatories, lifestyle changes, and epidural steroid injections. Ultimately, progression of the patient's clinical signs resulted in referral to a board-certified veterinary neurologist. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked bilateral L7 nerve root enlargement with L7-S1 foraminal widening and concurrent L7-S1 intervertebral disc extrusion, causing moderate to severe left-sided compression of the cauda equina. Given the marked changes of nerve roots on imaging and foraminal widening, consideration was given to a neoplastic process versus inflammatory neuritis. A lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy, partial discectomy, and left L7 nerve biopsy were performed. Histopathology of the L7 nerve root revealed chronic neural fibrosis with atrophy and mild neuritis, consistent with the chronic, progressive nature of the patient's clinical signs and severe compression of the cauda equina. These dramatic and irreversible changes may have been avoidable or at least minimized with earlier diagnosis and aggressive surgical intervention, highlighting the importance of developing standardized, evidence-based recommendations for management of dogs with DLSS similar to the framework that exists in human intervention for treatment of cauda equina syndrome (CES).</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3879955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and Micromorphological Examination of Giant Subcutaneous Fibrosarcoma in Goats: Five Cases.","authors":"Saroj Kumar Yadav, Sunil Yadav","doi":"10.1155/crve/6704467","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/6704467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary literature states that subcutaneous fibrosarcoma may occasionally occur in the ear of a goat. Fibrosarcoma is characterized by spindle-shaped fibroblast proliferation and collagen fiber synthesis. Fibrosarcoma should be considered when examining large, solid subcutaneous lumps in goat breeds, emphasizing the importance of gross and histological testing if there is limited facility availability in the lab for the correct diagnosis and therapy. The study started in January 2022 and will end in December 2024. During this period, only five goats were recorded, consisting of four from the Jamuna Pari breed and one from the Tota Puri breed. The study describes the five breeds and sexes of goats with left-side ear giant tumors and the clinical, diagnostic, and pathological aspects of a large subcutaneous fibrosarcoma. All goats were subjected to physical exams and gross and histological tests for diagnosis. The animal had a huge, round, and elliptical mass in the subcutaneous tissue that was rapidly growing, firm, and nonencapsulated, with a varied pink-grey-yellow color upon dissection. Histological examination revealed densely packed spindle cells with interlacing bundles, cellular atypia, and mitotic activity consistent with fibrosarcoma. The infiltrative cancer precluded complete surgical resection. In this investigation, the ear tumor was removed completely. The present study suggests fibrosarcoma as a possible cause of enormous, solid tumors under the skin in several goat breeds, highlighting the necessity of histological evaluation for correct diagnosis and management. Early diagnosis and management increase the outcome and quality of life of animals during the entire surgical procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6704467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspected Macrocreatine Kinase Type 1 in an Asymptomatic Young Cat.","authors":"Satoshi Kambayashi, Kenji Baba, Yutaro Ide, Shoma Nishibori, Takanori Ando, Hiroki Ikezawa","doi":"10.1155/crve/3714485","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/3714485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 1-year-old castrated male Japanese domestic cat was referred for persistently elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level (> 2000 U/L), which was detected incidentally. The cat showed no clinical signs, with no abnormalities on physical examination, radiography, and ultrasonography. Serum CK isoenzyme analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis revealed an atypical high distribution of CK-MB (90%). However, CK-MB-specific quantification by chemiluminescent immunoassay showed significantly low concentration (< 0.1 ng/mL). Based on these observations, we suspected macro-CK type 1. Serum CK is used as a biomarker of muscle injury in both humans and other mammals. Macro-CK type 1, a complex of CK and immunoglobulin, has been recognized as the cause of persistently elevated CK levels with or without disease in human medicine. On the other hand, reports of macro-CK are scarce in veterinary medicine. Based on this case, when persistently elevated CK was detected in clinically healthy cats, this disease should be included as a differential diagnosis. Further studies are required to establish the diagnosis of macro-CK type 1 in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3714485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Ultrasonographic Detection of Intracardiac Thrombi in Canine Fetuses With Congenital Heart Defects.","authors":"Federica Valeri, Temy Coppola, Alessandro Troisi, Riccardo Zelli, Lucia Cardinali, Elvio Lepri, Domenico Caivano, Angela Polisca","doi":"10.1155/crve/1795563","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crve/1795563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 5-year-old pregnant Newfoundland bitch was evaluated by monitoring fetal viability. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the reproductive tract revealed a homogeneous and hyperechoic mass within the right ventricle associated with abnormal tricuspid valve in a fetus. A similar mass was also visualized in the right atrium of another fetus. The bitch delivered 11 puppies, four of which died after parturition. Necropsy showed tricuspid stenosis in all puppies, with concomitant pulmonary stenosis in one of them. Moreover, an intraventricular thrombus and an interatrial thrombus were each revealed in two puppies. This case series demonstrates the feasibility of prenatal ultrasonographic detection of intracardiac thrombi in canine fetuses and highlights its potential value for early diagnosis of congenital heart defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":37339,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1795563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}