{"title":"Responsible Use of Large Language Models: An Analogy with the Oxford Tutorial System","authors":"Michael Lissack , Brenden Meagher","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools with the potential to revolutionize how we process information, generate content, and solve complex problems. However, integrating these sophisticated AI systems into academic and professional practices raises critical questions about responsible use, ethical considerations, and the preservation of human expertise. This article introduces a novel framework for understanding and implementing responsible AI use by drawing an analogy between the optimal use of LLMs and the role of the second student in an Oxford Tutorial. Through an in-depth exploration of the Oxford Tutorial system and its parallels with LLM interaction, we propose a nuanced approach to leveraging AI language models while maintaining human agency, fostering critical thinking, and upholding ethical standards. The article examines the implications of this analogy, discusses potential risks of misuse, and provides detailed practical scenarios across various fields. By grounding the use of cutting-edge AI technology in a well-established and respected educational model, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on AI ethics. It offers valuable insights for academics, professionals, and policymakers grappling with the challenges and opportunities presented by LLMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 389-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ill-Defined Problems in Wicked Learning Environments","authors":"Linus Tan , Anita Kocsis","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many of today’s global problems are complex and difficult to solve—some may even be impossible. They are characterized by interconnectedness, non-linear causality, and a lack of clear solutions or definitive answers. Designing for such complex problems is unavoidable, but doing so without understanding biases and the repercussions of one’s design experience and actions compounds its complexity. This article explores what informs designers’ decisions (design cognition) and drives their activities (design behavior) when addressing complex problems and their implications. First, it examines problems through two intersecting theoretical lenses: cognitive psychology and learning. Then, it contextualizes its findings using the co-evolution of design to articulate how designing for complex problems is prone to biases and inaccurate feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 456-473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Tools of the Trade: Cultures, Devices, and Valuation Practices in Urban Design","authors":"Karl Palmås, Stefan Molnar","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article interrogates how the practice of design is shaped by the devices designers use and the cultures in which they work. Specifically, it studies a case of urban design in Gothenburg, Sweden, and explores how cultures and devices are intertwined when architects and urban planners make judgments about quality and value. This approach is adopted from the interdisciplinary field of valuation studies. The article argues that this valuation studies-inspired approach holds the prospect of transcending the divide between culturalist and materialist approaches to studying design practices. As such, the argument extends previous work on valuation practices in design processes, showing how the intertwining of culture and matter plays out in a situated context of designing. Specifically, the article develops three propositions: The valuation studies-inspired approach complements previous accounts of how power is exercised and how compromises are negotiated in design processes that feature different stakeholders. Moreover, this approach may serve as a framework for comparative studies of different design cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 308-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birgitte van Haaren-van Duijn , Jaime Bonnin Roca , Phillip de Groot , A. Georges L. Romme , Mathieu Weggeman
{"title":"Creating and Testing a Guideline for Governing Blockchain Ecosystems: A Study Informed by Design Science","authors":"Birgitte van Haaren-van Duijn , Jaime Bonnin Roca , Phillip de Groot , A. Georges L. Romme , Mathieu Weggeman","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of blockchain technology implies a paradigm shift for many industries, especially those traditionally relying on third parties—such as banks, publishers, and art galleries—to establish trust in economic transactions. Moreover, it enables decentralized models of governance and thus challenges conventional governance approaches. This decentralized approach to governance may offer a more inclusive and participative structure but also demands substantial adaptability. This study, therefore, explored the governance dilemmas faced by enterprises adopting blockchain solutions and seeks to develop an evidence-based set of governance guidelines. Drawing on design science methodology, we studied a highly diverse set of (enterprise-driven) blockchain ecosystems using interviews, documentation, and participant observation. Based on a set of design propositions synthesized from the literature and data collected, we subsequently created and tested an extensive guideline for guiding the journey to decentralization. The resulting guideline, called GOBLET, is characterized by enterprise-centricity, stage-specific guidance, interdependencies between various blockchain layers, and pivotal behavioral drivers. Our study contributes to the literature on blockchain governance by presenting a guideline that helps practitioners create effective governance arrangements for blockchain ecosystems. The underlying design propositions can inform future theoretical work in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 325-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconceptualizing the Notion of Values in Design Talk","authors":"Liz Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designers are encouraged to incorporate values in their practice as a way of making outcomes more ethical. Values are conceptualized as inner mental preferences that inform decisions. Methodologies such as value sensitive design advise on how to collate stakeholders’ values, treating values as identifiable through asking people about them. This article offers a different way of looking at values, using discursive psychology to analyze what designers do in their responses when they are asked about values in interviews. The analysis shows that when participants are asked about the influence of values in their work, many seek to justify them by explaining where they came from. Difficulty is found when they attempt to describe how values influence their decisions. The findings suggest that asking people to identify their values may be problematic since responses may involve situated identity management rather than revealing underlying mental states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 265-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of The Quantified Scholar: How Research Evaluations Transformed the British Social Sciences","authors":"Ali O. Ilhan","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 380-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Limits to Modeling: Design Lessons from the World Problematique","authors":"Peter Hayward Jones , Alexander N. Christakis","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over 50 years have passed since <em>The Limits to Growth</em> was published in response to the Club of Rome’s challenge to address the “world problematique.” This landmark study introduced a computer simulation known as World3, which modeled global challenges using then-new system dynamics modeling technology. While <em>The Limits to Growth</em> and World3 have been updated and widely studied, the original concept of the world problematique has received less attention. This article argues that revisiting the evolution of the world problematique as a model of interconnected global issues offers valuable insights for policy and design, especially in addressing today’s polycrisis. It traces the historical development of the world problematique and the World3 model, highlighting a divergence in systems science, contrasting the technocratic, data-driven policy approach with alternatives that emphasize pluralistic social systems and stakeholder deliberation. This study explores the evolution of these approaches, contrasting global modeling with social systems design (employing qualitative modeling) for complex systems. While global models like World3 and its successors offer valuable insights into the dynamics of specific problem variables, we suggest that they often lack transparency, stakeholder contribution, or an understanding of regional and sociocultural contexts. We call for ethical orientation to responsible engagement, especially for stakeholders affected by crisis policy decisions resulting from simulation models and complex narratives like the problematique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 351-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Value Dimensions in Creative Collaborations for Social Innovation","authors":"Jotte de Koning, Mieke van der Bijl-Brouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designers are increasingly involved in creative multi-stakeholder collaborations for social innovation, developing interventions to address complex societal challenges. Traditional impact measurement of social innovation often focuses on the measurable impact or value of the intervention on societal indicators. However, the complexity of creative multi-stakeholder collaborations requires a broader perspective on what is considered valuable beyond measurable societal impact. We studied the subjectively anticipated and experienced value of ten creative multi-stakeholder social innovation projects, as well as the value conflicts they generated. The most commonly reported value dimensions were innovation value, commercial value, network value, identity value, and learning value. Value conflicts arose from differences in how the innovation process was valued versus how the innovation outcome was valued. From a complexity perspective on social innovation, we argue that value assessments of creative multi-stakeholder collaborations should include additional value dimensions that support continuous social innovation. We discuss how network value and learning value are essential for continuous social innovation, and how these forms of value are captured both individually and collectively. The collective nature of value capture strengthens the argument that social innovation requires long-term commitment from design practitioners, extending beyond single design projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 286-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainability Accounting as a Wicked Problem","authors":"Hugo Letiche , Lucas Boucaud","doi":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sheji.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines sustainability accounting (SA) in a French international construction company, viewing it through the frame of being a wicked problem. Sustainability accounting literature often assumes that reporting is a matter of institutional will. It presumes that the necessary key performance indicators (KPIs) already exist, and environmental impact can be measured with confidence. Accuracy, balance, clarity, comparability, reliability, stakeholder inclusiveness, and timeliness are all assumed to be realizable. However, the ethnographic research presented here reveals a very different picture. None of the key criteria were met. The necessary measurement tools were fallible, key definitions were controversial, and making a convincing instrumental or technical choice between relative and absolute accountability was impossible. The failures of sustainability accounting are not attributed to corporate unwillingness or greenwashing. Instead, they are a result of an inability to recognize measurement as a wicked problem. While the wicked problem as a concept is well explained in the literature, ethnographic applications are rare. Therefore, this study makes an additional contribution by demonstrating how the wicked problem concept can be used to frame real-life issues. In conclusion, we ask the question: Has the sustainability accounting literature misrepresented the challenges, ignored the pragmatics of having to deal with wicked problems, and thus failed to be sufficiently accountable itself?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37146,"journal":{"name":"She Ji-The Journal of Design Economics and Innovation","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 223-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405872624000431/pdfft?md5=aaa9ef08de9ccad35dc2f63e4487cf6e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405872624000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}