Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Environmental life cycle assessment of industrial high-temperature to residential small-size heat Pumps: A critical review","authors":"Jacopo Famiglietti ,&nbsp;Leonardo Acconito ,&nbsp;Cordin Arpagaus ,&nbsp;Tommaso Toppi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decarbonization process of the industry and the heating sector, underway in Europe, directly involves heating, cooling, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. In this context, heat pump technologies play a key role in having the ability to be powered by decarbonized energy carriers (i.e., electricity from renewables for vapor compression cycle, hydrogen for absorption cycle, etc.), as well as harnessing renewable or waste heat, in different applications (i.e., industry, district heating networks, and civil sector). The European Commission considers the life cycle assessment method one of the leading methodologies for environmental metrics. Many scientific studies related to analyzing the environmental profile of heat pumps have been written using this method. With the aim to investigate the outcomes achieved and modeling approaches applied, this study reviews existing environmental life cycle assessment studies of (i) high-temperature, (ii) large-size (over 300 kW_th), and (iii) medium and small-size heat pumps. In total, 19 articles containing 637 scenarios were found in the literature to be relevant to the research aim. The study analyzes different heat pump technologies (i.e., vapor compression, absorption, and indirect Stirling cycles). The analysis shows that the use phase is the main contributor: (i) average value of 94.6% for the global warming potential, (ii) 69.9% for abiotic depletion potential indicator (metals and minerals). The analysis reveals that life cycle assessment studies apply a rather narrow approach and lack variability in modeling. For future research, it is recommended that the thermodynamic behavior of the heat pumps be properly simulated or monitored. In addition, a stochastic evaluation shall be included in the analysis to reduce and highlight the uncertainty of the results, especially the global sensitivity analysis. Finally, high-temperature heat pumps shall also be investigated using the consequential approach to understand better the environmental consequences of installation in an industrial production process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100947"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethanol as an alternative fuels: A review on production strategies and technique for analysis","authors":"Mona Fatin Syazwanee Mohamed Ghazali ,&nbsp;Muskhazli Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioethanol production represents an alternative source of energy that also helps minimize greenhouse gas effects. Currently, the focus of advanced technologies for bioethanol production is on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable energy for transportation as it offers a low cost of investment and non-pollution bioprocesses. However, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass has several challenges, including the high cost of pretreatment, the recalcitrant nature of the biomass and the requirement for robust microbes to ferment various types of sugars. Informations on the subject were achieved through a literature search using various electronic databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and others. From literature findings, few strategies such as separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP); were found established to overcome these challenges, ultimately increasing the effectiveness of the bioconversion process and minimizing the overall cost of production. CBP was found to be the most promising strategy as direct production of ethanol from pretreated corn cob yielded 11.1 g/L ethanol without the addition of external hydrolytic catalyst. Various analytical techniques are commonly used to quantify bioethanol in a sample, and these methods were theoretically analyzed in relation to established theories. Currently, gas chromatography is known to be the most effective approach with limits of detection typically around 0.099 mg/mL, demonstrating excellent linearity and recovery rates between 91% and 109%. This paper aims to highlight the efficiency of every strategy involved in the bioconversion process and provide insights into every suitable analytical technique that can be employed to ensure the sustainability of biofuel by allowing researchers to improve the productivity and quality of bioethanol, thus promoting its role as a feasible alternative fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100933"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-art Gaidai hypersurface reliability assessment for semi-submersible wind turbines, accounting for memory effects","authors":"Oleg Gaidai ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Jinlu Sheng ,&nbsp;Yan Zhu ,&nbsp;Alia Ashraf ,&nbsp;Yu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays renewable, sustainable green energy generation gaining momentum, as environmental concerns, e.g., climate change making fossil fuel usage less attractive. Resultingly, offshore wave and wind power are gaining popularity, steadily replacing hydrocarbon energy sources. Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT), being pivotal for contemporary offshore green wind energy generation.</div><div>Accurate structural lifespan prognostics is necessary for safe and resilient technological design, operational safety and economic viability. Non-stationary, multi-modal dynamic environmental wave-wind loads result in accumulated fatigue damage, as well as excessive structural deformations. Presented case study introduces generic, robust multi-modal structural reliability evaluation methodology, based on accurate numerical modelling of in-situ environmental hydro- and aero-dynamic stressors, acting on operating FOWT. Coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic nonlinear software package OpenFAST was employed for numerical Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS). Investigated 5 MW FOWT is designed to withstand nonlinear, nonstationary, periodically adverse ambient environmental conditions throughout its complete designed service-life. This case study outlines state-of-the-art multi-modal hypersurface risk evaluation and lifetime assessment methodology.</div><div>The primary novelty and practical advantage of the proposed multi-modal Gaidai hypersurface structural risk evaluation approach lie within its robust capacity to evaluate structural damage (hazard/failure) risks for complex dynamic structural systems, with no limitation on the structural Number of Degrees Of Freedom (NDOF), i.e., the number of inter-correlated system dimensions/components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100946"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hybrid attic ventilation technique as a sustainable strategy for thermal comfort improvement and energy saving in tropical residential buildings","authors":"Mahdi Moharrami ,&nbsp;Aidin Nobahar Sadeghifam ,&nbsp;Hamed Golzad ,&nbsp;Eeydzah binti Aminudin ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Sara Miryousefi Ata ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal comfort in hot-humid tropical climates, such as Malaysia’s, is significantly affected by solar radiation, humidity, and air temperature. Solar radiation heats the roof, warming the enclosed attic space and distributing heat throughout the building’s interior. In tropical regions, the attic is integral to the building, and inadequate ventilation can elevate the overall thermal load. This study investigates the impact of a hybrid attic ventilation technique designed to operate continuously over 24 h on enhancing thermal comfort and increasing energy savings. Field measurements were conducted simultaneously in two typical one-storey terrace houses: one with conventional attic conditions and the other equipped with hybrid attic ventilation. Building Information Modelling (BIM) was used to simulate and analyse energy consumption. The results demonstrated that the hybrid ventilation system improved thermal comfort by reducing indoor temperature by 1 °C and relative humidity by 7%, achieving a 10% reduction in overall building energy consumption. The results showed that this hybrid technique effectively enhances thermal comfort and energy efficiency through continuous operation, showing the benefits of both nighttime and daytime ventilation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic, economic, and carbon emission evaluation of various Organic Rankine cycle configurations for maximizing waste heat recovery potential","authors":"Thepparat Klamrassamee ,&nbsp;Tanatip Kittijungjit ,&nbsp;Yanin Sukjai ,&nbsp;Yossapong Laoonual","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste heat recovery using the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) enhances energy efficiency, lowers emissions, and reduces costs. This study evaluates ORC systems for high-temperature waste heat recovery (515.14 °C) using DWSIM software. Various ORC configurations, including simple ORC (sORC), series ORC (S-ORC), single-stage regenerative ORC (SR-ORC), double-stage regenerative ORC (DR-ORC), and multi-evaporating pressure ORC (ME-ORC), were analyzed with different working fluids, including Toluene, Dodecane, Benzene, and Cyclopentane. Toluene was identified as the best working fluid, achieving a thermal efficiency of 24.33 % and a net power output of 1,839.66 kW in the sORC. The S-ORC demonstrated superior performance, delivering 3,679.32 kW of net power at the same efficiency. A parametric study examined the effects of operating pressure, exhaust gas temperature, and mass flow rate on efficiency. Results showed thermal efficiency peaked at 40.08 bar, with optimal performance at an exhaust gas temperature of 520 °C and a mass flow rate of 44.5 kg/s. Exergy analysis identified the evaporator as the main source of inefficiency, highlighting opportunities for improvement to boost overall system efficiency. Economically, the S-ORC achieved a Net Present Value (NPV) of 3.98 million EUR, a payback period of 5.75 years, and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.66 %. It also reduced CO₂ emissions by 12,971.36 metric tons annually, translating to 1.04 million EUR in revenue through carbon credit trading under the EU ETS. In summary, the S-ORC configuration offers the best balance of thermodynamic, economic, and environmental benefits for industrial waste heat recovery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100943"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical properties of pyrolytic char and oil from mixed tyre using batch pyrolysis process","authors":"N.H. Zerin ,&nbsp;M.G. Rasul ,&nbsp;M.I. Jahirul ,&nbsp;A.S.M. Sayem ,&nbsp;R. Haque","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>End-of-life tyres (EOLT) has several adverse impacts to the environment, so it’s disposal to landfill is not wise. Rather, it can be converted to energy products through thermo-chemical conversion processes. One of the thermo-chemical conversion processes is called pyrolysis. A batch pyrolysis experiment was conducted for EOLT using a 20L pyrolysis reactor at 540 °C temperature with atmospheric pressure for 3 h to produce char, oil and syngas. Feedstock was mixed tyres, which is a mixture of light, medium and heavy tyre at 1:1:1 ratio. The focus of the study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of oil and char produced from pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric and FTIR analysis was performed to characterise oil. The study found that pyrolysis reactions started at 280 °C and completed at 515 °C with about 40 % char/residue. The properties of the mixed tyre pyrolytic oil (MixTPO), such as higher heating value (HHV), density, flash point, etc, were analysed and compared with petroleum fuel such as diesel and kerosene. Although MixTPO had a high calorific value of 42.00 MJ/kg, other properties such as viscosity, flash point, water content do not allow its direct use as an engine fuel. Physical properties (Surface area) and chemical properties (elemental analysis, ash content and composition) of the pyrolytic char were examined. It was found from the Mmcroanalytical tests that tyre pyrolytic char (TPC) contains 70 %–90 % pure carbon with some impurities like oxygen, zinc, and sulphur. It’s BET surface area is low (15.89 m²/kg) which makes it unsuitable to use as an absorbent, requiring further microstructural improvement. The findings signify that though waste tyre can be converted into various valuable energy products (oil, char and syngas) through pyrolysis which has high commercial value, liquid oil needs further treatment to use as an automobile fuel and char needs microstructural improvement to use as an absorbent. Further study is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new methodology to easy integrate complementarity criteria in the resource assessment process for hybrid power plants: Offshore wind and floating PV","authors":"Laura Frías-Paredes ,&nbsp;Martín Gastón-Romeo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maturity of technologies of energy generation from renewable sources produces tense an increasing interest on hybrid power plant implementation. The combination of different resources, as wind and solar, introduces concepts as complementarity that must be taken into account when suitability of emplacements is made. This work presents a methodology to evaluate a geographic area under the perspective of installing hybrid wind and PV power plants. Therefore, it proposes a way to evaluate the complementarity among both resources that would avoid overestimation due to time delays and it also would offer a holistic procedure to identify the most suitable locations to host one of these hybrid power plants. The methodology is illustrated by evaluating the Off-shore Spanish area to install wind and floating PV plants and is flexible to adapt the evaluation according to dimension of each technology in the future plants. It is shown how the complementarity criteria as input in the site selection process improves the ordered of emplacements obtained when only resource amount is taken into account. The methodology can be used to identify more suitable areas in the initial stages of promoting hybrid power plants. Data from ERA5 and CAMS are used to analyze long term behavior of wind and solar resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100938"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The electrical performance of a single-axis sun tracking agrivoltaic system inside a polytunnel greenhouse","authors":"E. Magadley ,&nbsp;M. Matar ,&nbsp;R. Kabha ,&nbsp;R. Korabi ,&nbsp;A. Hajyahya ,&nbsp;A. Abasi ,&nbsp;H. Barhum ,&nbsp;M. Attrash ,&nbsp;R. Saabne ,&nbsp;S. Asaly ,&nbsp;I. Yehia","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel agrivoltaic tracking system integrated inside rather than above the greenhouse. The innovative single axis 6 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system integrated within a greenhouse is evaluated by analysing the influence of seasonal variations and environmental factors on energy output and performance from May to October. The system achieved a maximum output of 32 kWh per day in June, corresponding with a yield of 5.5 kWh/kWp, comparable to standard outdoor PV systems under similar Mediterranean conditions. However, performance inside the greenhouse was limited by global horizontal irradiance reductions due to greenhouse covers and seasonal dust accumulation. The tracking system demonstrated a 15–20% increase in output compared to a fixed system inside the greenhouse, a reduced effectiveness by structural and environmental limitations inside the greenhouse. Capacity factors were observed to be lower inside the greenhouse (0.18–0.19) compared to outdoor systems (0.20–0.24), reflecting challenges such as partial shading and diffuse irradiance. The performance ratio for the tracking system in July was relatively low (0.65) due to the fact it was inside the greenhouse. This study underscores the potential of agrivoltaic systems inside greenhouses to generate energy effectively while addressing the unique challenges posed by the greenhouse environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100940"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient energy management and temperature control of a high-tech greenhouse using an improved data-driven model predictive control","authors":"Farhat Mahmood,&nbsp;Rajesh Govindan,&nbsp;Tareq Al-Ansari","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouses in arid climates require advanced control systems to maintain the microclimate and reduce energy utilization, ensuring economic viability. To address these challenges, model predictive control is an effective method that forecasts the system’s future state and adjusts control variables accordingly. However, deterministic model predictive control does not account for system uncertainties, leading to performance degradation. Therefore, this study proposes an improved model predictive control framework that utilizes an artificial neural network developed from historical greenhouse data. This method uses a double layer approach, where the primary controller provides the nominal trajectory, and an ancillary controller adjusts for uncertainties. The double layer predictive control framework was assessed under varying conditions to evaluate the performance in terms of temperature control and energy utilization. Results illustrated that, despite system uncertainties, the double layer model predictive control framework outperformed the existing greenhouse climate system, deterministic and robust model predictive control approaches. It demonstrated mean absolute errors of 0.09 °C in winter and 0.10 °C in summer, with corresponding root mean squared errors of 0.19 °C and 0.36 °C, respectively. Moreover, the double layer model predictive control method reduced energy utilization by 20.01 % in winter and 13.34 % in summer compared to the existing control system over a 4 d simulation period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective combinatorial methodology for nuclear reactor site assessment: A case study for the United States","authors":"Omer Erdem,&nbsp;Kevin Daley,&nbsp;Gabrielle Hoelzle,&nbsp;Majdi I. Radaideh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As clean energy demand grows to meet sustainability and net-zero goals, nuclear energy emerges as a reliable option. However, high capital costs remain a challenge for nuclear power plants (NPP), where repurposing coal power plant sites (CPP) with existing infrastructure is one way to reduce these costs. Additionally, Brownfield sites — previously developed or underutilized lands often impacted by industrial activity — present another compelling alternative. This study introduces a novel multi-objective optimization methodology, leveraging combinatorial search to evaluate over 30,000 potential NPP sites in the United States. Our approach addresses gaps in the current practice of assigning pre-determined weights to each site attribute that could lead to bias in the ranking. Each site is assigned a performance-based score, derived from a detailed combinatorial analysis of its site attributes. The methodology generates a comprehensive database comprising site locations (inputs), attributes (outputs), site score (outputs), and the contribution of each attribute to the site score. We then use this database to train a neural network model, enabling rapid predictions of nuclear siting suitability across any location in the United States. Our findings highlight that CPP sites are highly competitive for nuclear development, but some Brownfield sites are able to compete with them. Notably, four CPP sites in Ohio, North Carolina, and New Hampshire, and two Brownfield sites in Florida and California rank among the most promising locations. These results underscore the potential of integrating machine learning and optimization techniques to transform nuclear siting, paving the way for a cost-effective and sustainable energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}