Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Offshore floating solar with electrofuels for refuelling small ferries: a techno-economic-environmental study","authors":"Nisha Kaur ,&nbsp;N.P. Hariram ,&nbsp;K.B. Mekha ,&nbsp;M.R. Mohamed ,&nbsp;S. Shanmuga Priya ,&nbsp;K Sudhakar","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decarbonization of maritime shipping presents a critical challenge in achieving global climate targets, necessitating a rapid transition from fossil fuels to sustainable alternatives. Offshore renewable energy with electro-fuels for ship refuelling addresses the critical global challenge of decarbonizing maritime shipping, which currently contributes approximately 2–3 % of global greenhouse gas emissions. Through a techno-economic modelling framework and case analysis of Redang Island, Malaysia, this research evaluates the technical feasibility, cost dynamics, and environmental aspects of producing hydrogen-based e-fuels for green ship refuelling through offshore floating PV. The analysis considers local solar resources, system design, hydrogen storage, and the logistical requirements for ship refuelling, alongside economic parameters such as capital and operational expenditures, levelized cost of hydrogen, and potential carbon emission reductions. Results indicate that over its lifetime, the 20 MW offshore floating solar system is expected to produce approximately 637,619 MWh of solar energy and 12,892 tonnes of hydrogen at an estimated total cost of MYR 175.84 million, resulting in a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of MYR 0.276/kWh and a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of MYR 13.64/kg. Compared to conventional fuels, e-hydrogen exhibits greater techno-economic-environmental benefits even for short-distance cruise ships due to the higher energy density of the fuel. Integrating offshore floating solar with hydrogen production can provide a sustainable and scalable pathway for decarbonising maritime transport in Malaysia, supporting national renewable energy targets, and contributing to the global transition towards net-zero emissions. The future scope includes the importance of international standards for maritime e-fuel, adaptation at major bunkering ports, a carbon pricing mechanism, and policy support to enable operation at coastal, offshore, and Island locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101234"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance Assessment of Straight, Zigzag, and airfoil fin configurations in 100 kW supercritical CO2 PCHE for enhanced Pre-Cooler application","authors":"Md Maruf Ahmed,&nbsp;M. Monjurul Ehsan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of the fins of the Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) pre-cooler significantly impacts the efficacy and cost of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Recompression cycles. This study uses a novel iterative discrete nodal approach to assess the performance of straight, zigzag, and airfoil-finned PCHEs under varying intake conditions in an innovative effort to address critical voids in the current understanding of fin configurations’ impact on PCHE performance. The analysis employs a cutting-edge Python-based design code and CoolProp for working fluid properties (RGP). The fins’ geometry significantly affects the pressure drop and heat transmission rate on the sCO₂ side of the PCHE. Straight fins exhibit the lowest thermal performance but the smallest pressure drop. In contrast, Zigzag and Airfoil fins (AFF) achieve higher heat transfer due to enhanced turbulence from their confined flow paths. The straight, zigzag, and airfoil fins maintain a ratio of sCO₂ pressure drop of approximately 1:7:2 across all inlet conditions. Nonetheless, Zigzag channels show an improvement in heat<!--> <!-->transfer<!--> <!-->rate over Airfoils of roughly 3 %, and this gain decreases further at higher sCO₂ inlet pressures. Thus, the Airfoil fin structure offers the best balance, providing heat transfer performance equivalent to Zigzag fins with a marginal pressure increase over straight fins. For the off-design performance analysis, sCO₂ inlet pressure (7.5 MPa-11 MPa), inlet temperature (65 °C-110 °C), and flow rates (0.4 g/s-1.4 g/s) are the key parameters, suggesting that heat transfer improves with increasing intake pressure, temperature, and flow rate for any fin arrangement. As the inlet pressure and temperature rise, the pressure drop of both fluids reduces. Inlet pressure exceeding 9 MPa reduces pressure drop gains at a rate of 10 % per MPa, signifying diminishing benefits for both fluids. Higher flow rates lower water-side pressure drop but increase sCO-side pressure drop by roughly sevenfold, making operation beyond 0.6 g/s unfeasible and negating heat transfer gains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101248"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of active cell balancing methods in electric vehicles","authors":"Hui Li ,&nbsp;Chia Ai Ooi ,&nbsp;Zixiang Jia ,&nbsp;Khalid Ammar ,&nbsp;Mohamad Khairi Ishak","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high energy density and modularity of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries make them ideal for electric vehicles (EVs). However, in series-connected battery packs, cell imbalance emerges as a critical challenge, resulting in voltage variations, accelerated aging, safety concerns, and reduced usable capacity. This paper systematically compares and evaluates active cell balancing methods, presenting a comparative analysis to provide a suitable selection for EVs. Furthermore, it offers a classification of DC-DC converter-based balancing circuits, distinguishing between non-isolated and isolated configurations based on their electrical isolation characteristics, analyzing their trade-offs in efficiency, cost, and balancing speed. To validate these topologies, four DC-DC converter-based balancing structures are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results provide a comparative performance analysis, with particular emphasis on balancing speed and current ripple characteristics. Based on these findings, the paper discusses the relative characteristics of the four methods. Finally potential research directions for optimizing cell balancing techniques are outlined to guide future studies in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101244"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-powered electricity generation: Current technologies, challenges, and potential application in sustainable society construction","authors":"Qirui Ding ,&nbsp;Rong Li ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Weicheng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-powered electricity generation (HPEG) presents a transformative strategy for sustainable, decentralized energy by converting biomechanical, thermoelectric, and bioenergy derived from human activities into electrical power. This approach addresses the global need for affordable and clean energy, particularly in underserved communities. However, current research on HPEG reveals challenges, including suboptimal energy conversion efficiency, limited device durability, and insufficient integration of socio-economic benefits—factors that impede adoption and scalability. To address these limitations, this review evaluates recent technical advancements and proposes a socio-technical framework designed to enhance energy production while fostering employment opportunities.</div><div>The study utilizes a systematic literature review to synthesize knowledge on piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric technologies, with a focus on innovations in materials, hybrid architectures, and the integration of real-time, multidimensional data. It examines technical performance metrics and explores the incorporation of data-driven models of labor participation within HPEG systems. Insights are drawn from case studies such as the Harmonious Ecological Village concept. Key findings include increased power densities, the potential of AI-driven optimization to enhance energy management, and the emergence of employment opportunities linked to human energy harvesting. The proposed socio-technical framework positions HPEG as intelligent platforms capable of supporting health monitoring and enhancing social resilience.</div><div>These findings indicate that HPEG, when supported by multisource energy integration and AI analytics, can significantly contribute to global sustainability goals by delivering inclusive and renewable energy solutions. Future prospects include manufacturing processes and wireless integration, positioning HPEG as a foundational element of next-generation sustainable energy systems and socio-economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control concept for solid oxide electrolysis reactors to promote highly transient operation in modular plants","authors":"René Lorenz,&nbsp;Jan Hollmann,&nbsp;Marius Tomberg,&nbsp;Marc P. Heddrich,&nbsp;S. Asif Ansar","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) offer the lowest specific electrical energy demand among electrolysis technologies, making them highly suitable for large-scale hydrogen production, where electricity accounts for 70<!--> <!-->%–85<!--> <!-->% of the levelized cost of hydrogen. To comply with guarantees of origin for green hydrogen, SOEC systems must operate reliably in power-following mode with fluctuating renewable energy sources (RES). However, transient operation induces thermal gradients within SOEC stacks, accelerating degradation and increasing the risk of premature failure.</div><div>This study proposes a dynamic control concept that enables rapid power modulation with limited thermal stress, based on an experimentally validated multi-stack SOEC reactor model. A large-scale SOEC plant is considered, consisting of multiple modules, each comprising a multi-stack reactor and independent balance-of-plant components. The module-level power control employs a PI controller, augmented with model-based current slew-rate limit correlations and feed-forward step changes between hot standby and thermoneutral operation. For a moderate thermal gradient limit of ±5<!--> <!-->K<!--> <!-->min^-1, optimised control parameters enables transitions from hot standby to 80<!--> <!-->% nominal power in 35<!--> <!-->s and to 100<!--> <!-->% in 3<!--> <!-->min – approximately six times faster than conventional linear current ramps. The control concept is further applied to a modular SOEC plant under a real wind park power profile. Two key factors influencing power-following capability are identified: the number of modules and the lower power limit of an individual module’s operating range (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>mod,low</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>). The proposed control concept improves power-following capability by reducing power mismatch by 45<!--> <!-->% and significantly decreases the required module count, enhancing both system efficiency and scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101236"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction effects between sugarcane bagasse and sawdust during their co-hydrothermal carbonisation and co-gasification","authors":"Peter Akhator ,&nbsp;Bilainu Oboirien ,&nbsp;Tohid N.Borhani","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) coupled with gasification presents a promising approach for the effective and clean utilisation of biomass. However, the complex composition of biomass complicates the understanding of its gasification mechanisms. This study examined the individual and co-HTC processes combined with gasification of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and sawdust (SD) to explore their interactions and assess how HTC severity and biomass ratios influence gasification reactivity. The results demonstrated a notable positive synergistic effect during co-HTC of SB and SD at elevated HTC temperatures and increased SB proportions, leading to improvements in mass yield and fuel ratio of the resulting co-hydrochars. Conversely, higher HTC temperatures also led to greater anti-synergistic effects on higher heating value. HTC treatment generally diminished the gasification reactivity of SB and SD, primarily due to the removal of reactive minerals and increased aromatisation. However, raising the SB mass ratio significantly enhanced reactivity, owing to the strong synergistic interaction among their hydrochars. The presence of calcium and iron species, along with the higher volatile content in SB, are likely key factors contributing to this synergistic effect during the co-gasification due to their catalytic activity. Among the kinetic models tested, the grain model (GM), having the highest goodness of fit (R²) value of 0.9984, provided the best fit for describing the gasification behaviour of the samples. Overall, HTC effectively converts biomass into solid with high energy content, offering a robust foundation for expanding the application scope of hydrochars from biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101247"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent multi-objective framework for heat exchanger network design in batch processes with integrated thermal energy storage","authors":"Soroush Entezari,&nbsp;Hosein Faramarzpour,&nbsp;Mikhail Sorin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel dynamic multi-objective optimization framework for the design of heat exchanger networks (HENs) in batch processes, with integrated thermal energy storage (TES). Targeting the dual goals of minimizing total annual cost (TAC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while maximizing heat recovery (HR), the methodology combines direct and indirect heat recovery strategies with a Pareto-based NSGA-II algorithm. While multi-objective optimization is widely applied in HEN design, most studies address steady-state conditions and overlook time-varying thermal loads. The proposed framework overcomes this limitation by capturing time-dependent thermal load variations across TDs derived from clustering analysis and integrating thermal energy storage (TES) into a unified optimization model. It incorporates both economic and environmental trade-offs into the decision-making process, enabling more realistic and practical HEN configurations for dynamic operations.</div><div>A detailed case study of a greenhouse in Sherbrooke, Canada. The optimized HEN and TES configurations achieved up to 31 % reductions in HR while cutting TAC by over 50% and containing GHG emissions to modest increases, offering a balanced and operationally feasible energy integration solution. This approach enables the systematic design of cost-effective and sustainable thermal systems in dynamic industrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution rooftop photovoltaic potential assessment for a resilient energy system in Ukraine","authors":"Winkler C. ,&nbsp;Dabrock K. ,&nbsp;Kapustyan S. ,&nbsp;Hart C. ,&nbsp;Heinrichs H. ,&nbsp;Weinand J.M. ,&nbsp;Linßen J. ,&nbsp;Stolten D.","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rooftop photovoltaic (RTPV) systems are essential for building a decarbonized and, due to its decentralized structure, more resilient energy system, and are particularly important for Ukraine, where recent conflicts have damaged more than half of its electricity and heat supply capacity. Favorable solar irradiation conditions make Ukraine a strong candidate for large-scale PV deployment, but effective policy requires detailed data on spatial and temporal generation potential. This study fills the data gap by using open-source satellite building footprint data corrected with high-resolution data from eastern Germany. This approach allowed accurate estimates of rooftop area and PV capacity and generation across Ukraine, with simulations revealing a capacity potential of 238.8 GW and a generation potential of 290 TWh/a excluding north-facing. The majority of this potential is located in oblasts (provinces) across the country with large cities such as Donetsk, Dnipro or Kyiv and surroundings. These results, validated against previous studies and available as open data, confirm Ukraine’s significant potential for RTPV, supporting both energy resilience and climate goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101242"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexibility assessment in continuous manufacturing processes based on a physics-informed digitalisation strategy: A case study in the rubber industry","authors":"María Herrando ,&nbsp;Ismael Viejo ,&nbsp;Susana Calvo ,&nbsp;Leticia A. Gracia ,&nbsp;Salvador Izquierdo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a physics-informed digitalisation strategy to assess potential flexibility from different perspectives in continuous manufacturing processes. As a case study, the co-extrusion process of sealing profiles for the automotive industry is chosen. This process operates continuously for 3–5 days to manufacture one sealing profile, consuming considerable energy, which is influenced by the process conditions set during the manufacturing line start-up. Increasing flexibility can contribute to a more sustainable and energy-efficient manufacturing industry. However, since process conditions directly affect the final quality and properties of the manufactured profile, any modifications must be preceded by a thorough analysis of their implications based on the sealing profile geometry, different line velocities and product quality tolerances. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques are used to model the co-extrusion process, while Finite Element Methods (FEM) are applied to model product quality and temperature dependencies. A Reduced Order Model (ROM) is developed for both FEM and CFD models, and the developed model enables the assessment of optimal process parameter adjustments to accommodate line velocity changes at different product quality tolerances. The results prove that the variation of the line velocity can provide process flexibility to the industry (around ± 30 % in total electrical power for ± 20 % variation in the line velocity). Besides, a 20 % increase in line velocity results in a 5.5 % reduction in total CO₂ emissions and a 5.2 % decrease in energy costs, suggesting that operating at higher line velocities is more energy efficient. The proposed strategy also analyses the potential flexibility depending on the product quality tolerance and the utility prices. The results show that increasing the allowable quality tolerance reduces the overall power consumption, with the largest potential in thermal power reduction. Beyond the analysis of one manufacturing line in operation, flexibility can be achieved by adequately scheduling several profiles with different electrical-to-thermal power ratios. In addition, a convenient redesign of profiles can also be used, as profiles with thinner walls and less rubber allow more flexibility, although they consume more electricity in the extruder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive optimal disturbance rejection for wave energy converters","authors":"Kumars Mahmoodi ,&nbsp;Abolhassan Razminia ,&nbsp;Jari Böling","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to mitigate disturbances affecting Wave Energy Converters (WECs) using an adaptive optimal disturbance rejection framework by dynamically adjusting control actions based on forecasted wave conditions. A Nonlinear Autoregressive (NAR) Neural Network is utilized for forecasting wave elevations and generating optimal reference velocities for the considered case study single-body heaving point absorber. The wave excitation force is considered as the external disturbance source affecting the WEC. Frequency and time domain response analysis are conducted to understand system behavior, followed by considering the real wave climate of two different selected locations around Finland, crucial for performance evaluation. The efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated through a comprehensive results analysis. This includes evaluating its effectiveness on the selected sea states and its adaptability concerning variations in WEC dynamics. In all the investigated scenarios, the proposed control strategy can track the displacement and velocity reference signals with high accuracy in the presence of disturbance with proper initializing of the weight matrices, highlighting the potential of the proposed methodology in improving the efficiency and reliability of WECs under varying wave conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101225"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}