Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Impact of speed planning for inland vessels with alternative power systems on energy efficiency and emissions","authors":"Simeon Slagter ,&nbsp;Man Jiang ,&nbsp;Yusong Pang ,&nbsp;Klaas Visser ,&nbsp;Mark van Koningsveld ,&nbsp;Rudy R. Negenborn","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inland waterway transport sector is facing increasingly stringent legislation to reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency. Speed planning has the potential to provide logistically compliant, energy-efficient, and emission-reducing voyages for inland vessels. However, current speed planning methods do not consider PM and NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions, nor do they consider alternative power systems to internal combustion engines (ICE) and full electric systems. These omissions have led to a lack of clarity on the impact of speed planning on the emission profile of inland vessels and the impact of alternative power systems on energy consumption. In this paper we propose a validated speed planning method that considers the emission profile (CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, PM₁₀, and NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and different engine types for inland vessels in an leg-based speed planning approach while taking into account varying fairway water depth and speed. Through a use case we show that the vessel can achieve a 7.26% energy, 5.37% CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and fuel, 3.85% NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, and 6.77% PM₁₀ reduction while maintaining the same arrival time; showing a distinct difference of this method compared to slow steaming. We also find that CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, PM₁₀, and energy are not directly proportional when making speed adjustments. Finally, we analyze the adverse effects of emission control areas and emission limits on the energy consumption and arrival times of vessels with non-zero emissions propulsion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A responsive integrated dry route for uranium hexafluoride conversion using machine intelligence","authors":"Manuel Bandala ,&nbsp;Patrick Chard ,&nbsp;Neil Cockbain ,&nbsp;David Dunphy ,&nbsp;David Eaves ,&nbsp;Daniel Hutchinson ,&nbsp;Darren Lee ,&nbsp;Gareth Leech ,&nbsp;Xiandong Ma ,&nbsp;Stephen Marshall ,&nbsp;Paul Murray ,&nbsp;Andrew Parker ,&nbsp;Paul Stirzaker ,&nbsp;C. James Taylor ,&nbsp;Jaime Zabalza ,&nbsp;Malcolm J. Joyce","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A modification of the integrated dry route (IDR) process for uranium conversion in nuclear fuel fabrication to render it responsive to react and adapt to changes in measured variables is described. Data conditioning techniques and feature extraction methodologies have been developed using real-world industrial datasets comprising 1685 valid IDR process batches. Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) sequence classification networks were designed, trained, and tested by framing the IDR process and its assessed fluorine content results as a classification problem. Five comprehensive experiments were conducted using features extracted from both raw process data and domain knowledge provided by experienced process operators. The results of the five training scenarios are presented using confusion matrices, which report the mean <em>Specificity</em> for predicting defective batches and the mean <em>Sensitivity</em> for predicting satisfactory batches. Additionally, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is included, showing the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the classification outcomes in each of the four training tasks. Both the confusion matrices and the ROC curve indicate that the best-performing model is trained with a combination of raw data features and post-processed features derived from prior experimental and technical knowledge. This model achieved classification accuracies of 97% or higher, confirming that a purely data-driven approach is insufficient. The primary objective is to predict the quality of the uranium dioxide (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>UO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) output, specifically its fluorine content, more quickly than is currently achieved in the factory. Test case results demonstrate the effectiveness of the trained Bi-LSTM network, suggesting its potential utility in developing a digital twin for the IDR system. With further development, such models could enable on-line feedback to kiln conditions, allowing for real-time responsiveness during IDR operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101230"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging application of solid oxide electrolysis cells in hydrogen production: a comprehensive analytical review and life cycle assessment","authors":"Hasan Muhommod Robin ,&nbsp;Chaitanya Roy Chowdhury ,&nbsp;SK Fahim Tahmid Boni ,&nbsp;Md. Sanowar Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Al Amin Rahman ,&nbsp;Md. Imam Hossain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aziz ,&nbsp;Monjur Mourshed","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a comprehensive analytical review and life cycle assessment (LCA) of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) for hydrogen production. As the global energy landscape shifts toward cleaner and more sustainable solutions, SOECs offer a promising pathway for hydrogen generation by utilizing water as a feedstock. Despite their potential, challenges in efficiency, economic viability, and technological barriers remain. This review explores the evolution of SOECs, highlighting key advancements and innovations over time, and examines their operational principles, efficiency factors, and classification by operational temperature range. It further addresses critical technological challenges and potential breakthroughs, alongside an in-depth assessment of economic feasibility covering production cost comparisons, hydrogen storage capacity, and plant viability and an LCA evaluating environmental impacts and sustainability. The findings underscore SOECs’ progress and their crucial role in advancing hydrogen production, while pointing to the need for further research to overcome existing limitations and enhance commercial viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems: A comprehensive review of performance, configurations, and emerging technologies","authors":"Amal Herez ,&nbsp;Hassan Jaber ,&nbsp;Mohamad Ramadan ,&nbsp;Thierry Lemenand ,&nbsp;Hicham El Hage ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khaled ,&nbsp;Tareq Salameh ,&nbsp;Abdul-Kadir Hamid ,&nbsp;Mousa Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to renewable energy sources is expediting due to growing concerns about the harm that fossil fuels are causing to the environment. Because of its availability, affordability, and minimal environmental impact, solar energy stands out among them. However, conventional photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer from efficiency reduction due to high operating temperatures. This limitation has increased interest in hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems, which improve PV performance while producing thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. This study provides an extensive overview of recent advancements in PVT technologies, focusing on system configurations, innovative cooling strategies, and thermal storage materials. Studies published since 2021—including experimental, numerical, and simulation-based works—are examined and classified by climatic adaptability, working fluid, and application. The analysis of this literature concluded that compared to conventional PV, some PVT configurations achieve total efficiencies of up to 76 %, with numerical models showing electrical gains of 3–5 % when validated against experimental data. System performance and application versatility are further improved with the addition of nanofluids (NFs), phase change materials (PCMs), and thermoelectric generators (TEGs). In order to facilitate the design and implementation of PVT systems in a variety of settings, this document provides researchers and practitioners with an updated roadmap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101235"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-stage intra-day control strategy of EV charging and air conditioner loads in commercial buildings for system load reshaping","authors":"Aijia Ding,&nbsp;Tingzhang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing disparity between system peak and valley loads poses challenges to the economic operation and renewable energy (RE) integration. Addressing this issue while maintaining human comfort and computational efficiency remains a significant challenge. To tackle this, a collaborative framework is proposed to manage the coupled loads of electric vehicle (EV) charging and air conditioner (AC) systems in commercial buildings powered by the grid and/or the RE. At the first stage, the thermal sensation vote is accurately predicted using a sophisticated hybrid method. Then, the study dynamically adjusts the temperature set-point (TS) of the AC unit and evaluates its load control capacity. At the second stage, a multi-objective intra-day control strategy is developed to optimize the operational parameters of the EV charging and AC load regulation. At this stage, a modified heuristic-based approach is employed to resolve the problem. Finally, the novel strategy is validated using real-world distribution system data. Results demonstrate that the proposed method alleviates EV battery degradation costs by 15% when AC systems are integrated. As for the system load management, the method achieves a 43.2% reduction in peak–valley difference and a 20.01% improvement in valley filling compared to the baseline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101218"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal distributed generation allocation in radial distribution networks using a modified seagull optimization algorithm with elite reserve strategy","authors":"Jie Qian ,&nbsp;Min Wei ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing radial distribution networks (RDNs) by integrating distributed generation (DG) is essential for enhancing the sustainability, reliability, and flexibility of power supply, thereby improving renewable energy utilization. This paper investigates the optimal distributed generation allocation (ODGA) problem, which involves both discrete (DG location) and continuous (DG capacity and power factor) decision variables and exhibits high non-convexity and computational complexity. To address these challenges, a single-objective modified seagull optimization algorithm (mSOA-SO) is proposed, incorporating an elite reserve strategy with access location guidance (ALG) and effective re-migration (ERM) into the base algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that mSOA-SO achieves active power loss reductions of 93.96 %, 98.11 %, and 63.18 % on the IEEE 33-, 69-, and 119-node RDNs, respectively, by optimally integrating DGs with controllable power factors. To extend the method for practical multi-objective ODGA scenarios, this paper further develops a multi-objective modified seagull optimization algorithm (mSOA-MO) through the integration of an innovative multi-level performance evaluation (MLPE) strategy. Notably, mSOA-MO identifies superior DG schemes for both dual- and triple-objective ODGA problems, effectively reducing voltage deviation, active and reactive power loss in RDNs. Thus, the proposed mSOA-SO and mSOA-MO effectively identify advantageous DG allocation schemes, serving as robust techniques for the secure integration of renewable energy into RDNs. This study emphasizes the crucial role of intelligent algorithms in energy management and enhancing the environmental benefits of energy supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101228"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water intensity of photovoltaic module manufacturing at the terawatt scale","authors":"Deborah L. McGott,&nbsp;Hope M. Wikoff,&nbsp;Zachary Parker,&nbsp;James McCall,&nbsp;Jordan Macknick,&nbsp;Samantha B. Reese","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the U.S. ramps photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing to the terawatt scale and emphasizes re-shoring manufacturing, potential regional impacts on the U.S. water supply should be considered, particularly since many PV companies rely almost exclusively on public water supplies for manufacturing. This work surveys the academic literature and PV manufacturer reports to estimate the water intensity of monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline silicon, and cadmium telluride modules manufactured at the terawatt scale, determining that on average, cadmium telluride manufacturing is less water intensive on a per megawatt scale – this is anticipated to be true for all thin film PV manufacturing. While much lower than the water intensity of thermoelectric (e.g., coal) energy generation, significant issues and gaps with PV manufacturing data quality in academic studies are identified which cause estimates to vary by over 1000x (0.04 – 49 trillion liters/terawatt). Data issues are discussed and the need for accurate accounting of water resources (e.g., via continuous, updated information during PV manufacturing) is highlighted. The opportunity to reconfigure decommissioned thermoelectric sites to PV manufacturing is also explored. Finally, factors that influence PV manufacturing water intensity, from individual manufacturing steps to trends across the PV industry, are examined and water conservation opportunities are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101229"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance enhancement in PCM heat sinks using novel conductivity techniques: a review","authors":"Hosein Akhtari,&nbsp;Ardalan Shafiei Ghazani","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that exceeding critical temperature thresholds is a major cause of electronic device failure. Despite extensive research, conventional heat sinks often struggle to manage high heat loads, motivating the development of novel active and passive cooling strategies. One promising approach is the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into heat sinks to enhance heat dissipation. To further improve the thermal performance of PCM-based heat sinks, various thermal conductivity enhancers (TCEs)—including fins, three-dimensional structures, nanoparticles, nanoplatelets, metal foams, and structured porous materials (SPMs)—have been investigated individually and in combination. While embedded fins and regular structures can significantly improve performance, they often increase system weight, encouraging the use of lightweight alternatives such as foam fins, as well as hybrid designs that combine active and passive methods depending on thermal load intensity. Enhancing PCM conductivity through nanoparticles has also been explored, though issues such as supercooling and particle settling remain key challenges. This review systematically evaluates and compares recent advancements in TCEs for PCM-based heat sinks, with an emphasis on materials, structural innovations, and performance under various thermal conditions. By categorizing solutions according to design approach, effectiveness under different thermal loads, and practical applicability, this work identifies the most promising strategies and highlights critical research gaps. The findings aim to guide future developments, including the optimization of lightweight foam fins, the integration of multi-staging concepts, and the adoption of fixed nanoplatelets to mitigate sedimentation, ultimately enabling more efficient and reliable thermal management solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101224"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging frontiers in aerogel-based energy storage: Bibliometric trends and AI-powered forecasts","authors":"Md. Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Sadit Bihongo Malitha ,&nbsp;Md. Zahangir Alam ,&nbsp;A.M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerogel, an extraordinary type of nanoporous material, has attracted considerable interest due to its remarkable characteristics, including a high surface area and porosity, a lightweight nature, low density, excellent thermal insulation, and electrical conductivity. Aerogels are utilized as electrode materials in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and are also employed in thermal energy storage solutions. The integration of aerogel in energy storage enhances and furthers Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) by providing access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy storage options. This study performs a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database on the subject of “aerogel in energy storage.” The evolution of aerogel applications in energy storage is systematically examined based on factors such as articles, authors, journals, countries, institutions, and referenced citations. An analysis of burst keywords has been conducted to derive insights into research trends. Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been employed to assess consistency within the dataset and to forecast future research directions. This study provides a comprehensive overview for newcomers to understand the global research trends related to the application of aerogel in energy storage systems, aiming to facilitate the anticipation of future advancements in aerogel-based energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoperable magneto-mechano-electric harvester with dual magnets for household appliance power cords","authors":"Ha Young Lee,&nbsp;Jongmoon Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magneto-mechano-electric (MME) harvesters, which convert stray magnetic fields into reusable electricity, have attracted significant attention as power sources for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in wireless sensor networks. However, their limited output power has typically restricted their operation to controlled laboratory settings, such as Helmholtz coils that generate uniform magnetic fields. This study introduces a novel MME harvester featuring a piezoelectric cantilever with a dual-magnet structure. The tip-end magnet attaches to a current-carrying power cord, while the middle magnet interacts with an electromagnetic induction Cu coil. By optimizing key parameters—including the cantilever length, magnet weight, and the distance between the Cu coil and inner magnets—the harvester achieves a root mean square (RMS) power density of 0.264 mW/cm³ near a power cord carrying 7.12 A_RMS when operating household appliances such as a hair dryer. To further enhance energy harvesting efficiency, the power cord was reconfigured into a double-circular arrangement to concentrate the stray magnetic field. This modification increased the harvester’s output power by 861.74 % compared to the conventional linear configuration, enabling the successful operation of a multifunctional IoT sensor with a power consumption of 4.09 mW. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed MME harvester as a practical energy source for self-powered IoT sensor systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}