Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen blending for partial decarbonisation in a steel melt-shop: A year-long comprehensive analysis across multiple scenarios","authors":"Mohamed Mostafa,&nbsp;Arman Ashabi,&nbsp;Andriy Hryshcenko,&nbsp;Ken Bruton,&nbsp;Dominic T.J. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The iron and steel industry accounts for 7 % of global greenhouse gas emissions and 33 % of industrial CO₂ emissions. The challenge of achieving carbon-free operations at high temperatures is exacerbated by the limited fuel sources available. Key hurdles include utilising eco-friendly resources and creating markets for sustainable steel. The potential solution of replacing coke and natural gas with hydrogen, serving as an energy carrier, is a promising alternative. This study analyses a steel plant in Spain that aims to achieve 30 % hydrogen use in place of natural gas across all furnaces for a year-long period. Four optimisation scenarios are explored, followed by<!--> <!-->multiple sensitivity analysis scenarios to analyse the optimisation algorithms on rated power of system components, hydrogen blend variation, and hydrogen production costs. The results show that the techno-economic optimised model demonstrates the most substantial effectiveness.<!--> <!-->The hydrogen will be produced via solar-powered electrolysis, necessitating a 294.43 MW photovoltaic plant and a 109.5 MW electrolyser, resulting in a hydrogen cost of 4.49 €/kg, which is 2.5 times higher than the average price of natural gas. This cost difference is primarily driven by high investment costs and WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) rates. Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) are identified as the most economical option for advancing green steel production. The technology applied in this study is projected to decrease CO₂ emissions by 163,115 tons annually. While the economic aspects remain challenging, technological progress and regulatory support will be crucial for a broader adoption of hydrogen in steelmaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexibility matters: Impact assessment of small and medium enterprises flexibility on the German energy transition","authors":"Anas Abuzayed ,&nbsp;Mario Liebensteiner ,&nbsp;Niklas Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the transition of the German electricity system towards climate neutrality by 2045, considering the demand-flexibility from small and medium enterprises (SME). The research uncovers the potential of flexibility from often-overlooked industrial SME sector, challenging their historical neglect in energy models and national strategies. Despite representing a small fraction of peak load, SME flexibility contributes to a significant reduction in carbon emissions and transition costs, as well as a decreased reliance on other flexibility measures. However, careful design and incentivization strategies are vital to reap the full benefits of SME flexibility. Challenges in achieving a secure electricity supply during extreme weather conditions in a 100 % renewable system are identified, along with how SME flexibility helps to achieve climate neutrality. By 2045, wind power becomes vital for supply security and is operated as a dispatchable ramping-up technology. Storage flexibility becomes essential. The transition incurs substantial costs but is economically advantageous in the long run. Overcapacities from renewables allow for a higher degree of electrification, stronger sector coupling, and suggest the possibility of a local hydrogen production. Although our study examines the flexibility of German SME, demand-responsive technologies exist worldwide, however with different shares and potentials. The study provides valuable insights into how SME demand response can contribute to achieving a sustainable energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel adsorption-based upgradation of end-of-life polypropylene pyrolysis oil using carbonised rice husk","authors":"T. Gopikrishnan Kailas ,&nbsp;Akash A R ,&nbsp;Saikat Dutta ,&nbsp;Vasudeva Madav","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste management is a global issue, with end-of-life polypropylene (EoL PP) having significant contribution. Polypropylene degradation forms undesirable compounds in pyrolysis oil, reducing its quality and limiting its fuel usability. Pyrolysis offers a promising solution for converting plastic waste into valuable fuels; however, the presence of degraded materials necessitates an effective upgrading process to enhance the fuel quality. This study introduces an innovative ex-situ adsorption-based upgradation technique using carbonised rice husk (CRH), an abundantly available, sustainable and cost-effective biomass residue, to significantly improve the quality of pyrolysis oil derived from EoL PP. The upgradation process reduced sulphur content in polypropylene pyrolysis oil from 0.19 % to 0.02 %. The cetane index, a key fuel quality metric, rose from 43.83 to 55.25, enhancing combustion properties. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed an increase in paraffin content from 53.15 vol% to 60.81 vol%, improving energy content and combustion efficiency. Olefins and aromatics decreased, improving fuel stability and reducing emissions. GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed a decrease in oxygenates and an increase in diesel-range hydrocarbons, improving fuel quality and stability. This comprehensive study highlights the dual benefits of CRH in enhancing fuel quality and supporting circular economy practices, making a significant contribution to the development of sustainable fuel alternatives in the waste-to-energy conversion sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the trends, evolution, and future research directions of green hydrogen production from wastewaters – Systematic and bibliometric approach","authors":"Flavio Odoi-Yorke ,&nbsp;Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ,&nbsp;Mustafa Tahir ,&nbsp;Agnes Abeley Abbey ,&nbsp;Pradeep Jangir ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Hussein Togun ,&nbsp;Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For today’s society, recognizing and identifying a sustainable energy source is crucial. The public, government, and business community have all expressed strong support for hydrogen energy, establishing it as a key fuel source for the future. This paper analyzes the state of wastewater for green hydrogen production research, focusing on global trends, evolution, potential hotspots, and future directions, using a systematic, bibliometric, and organized review of research publications from 2013 to 2023 in the Scopus database. The visualization and quantitative evaluation of the data was conducted using the VOSviewer software, and the Biblioshiny package in the R-software. The study also compared the various techniques that are used for the production of hydrogen using wastewaters. The research field experienced a 32.88 % annual growth, with 1,883 authors and 27.95 % international collaborations. Microbial photoelectrochemical cell, a recent energy generation technology, has gained interest due to its ability to treat various pollutants. This surge is attributable to technological advancements in wastewater hydrogen production, as part of global efforts to tackle environmental issues. This study advances knowledge and practices in the field of green hydrogen production using wastewater by illuminating new trends and intersecting themes. Potential future research directions on the topic were identified and proposed in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of Energy Communities: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"M. Asim Amin ,&nbsp;Renato Procopio ,&nbsp;Marco Invernizzi ,&nbsp;Andrea Bonfiglio ,&nbsp;Youwei Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Energy Communities (EC) framework facilitates the active engagement of energy entities. It brings about a fundamental shift in the energy sector by effectively managing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and advancing a decentralized energy system. The implementation of this technology allows the electrification of rural or mountainous regions by addressing the obstacles associated with power grid maintenance through substantial restructuring of the underlying energy distribution framework. The present review aimed to investigate and examine the significance of EC structures and to start an inclusive foundation for the broader implementation of EC for energy decentralization to figure out the research gaps and ensure that Machine Learning (ML) based solutions are essential tools to study and further discussed the several ML-based algorithms based on their objectives. Moreover, a comprehensive literature review is conducted to compare the possible strategies and tools that could be implemented in EC. Furthermore, different solution tools are organized based on their advantages, such as Demand Response (DR), forecasting, and load management goals. Hence, it can be inferred that Reinforcement Learning (RL) methodologies exhibit considerable potential in the control field. In contrast, supervised and unsupervised approaches are essential in predicting tasks. Based on the existing knowledge, the present study can conclude that ML-based solution methods are of significant importance for developing an effective energy decentralization platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100883"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonization of space heating in the Italian Alpine context: Thermo-economic assessment of the levelized energy cost of heating under alternative renewable scenarios","authors":"Lorenzo Menin ,&nbsp;Gregorio Borelli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Prada ,&nbsp;Giovanni Pernigotto ,&nbsp;Andrea Gasparella ,&nbsp;Marco Baratieri","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decarbonization of the built environment represents a priority in Europe and requires intervening on energy use for space heating. Although recent strategies have often relied on heat electrification through heat pumps, their effectiveness can be limited in mountain regions due to low temperatures. Nevertheless, mountain contexts offer opportunities for heat decarbonization through bioenergy, as well as other off-the-shelf renewable solutions such as photovoltaics. In this study we conduct a thermo-economic assessment of four scenarios for the near-full electrification of space heating in residential dwellings in South Tyrol, within the coldest Italian climatic zone. Two scenarios rely on biomass gasification combined heat-and-power and (1) air-source or (2) district heat and water-source heat pumps, and two are based on rooftop photovoltaic with air-source heat pumps, (3) with or (4) without battery storage. The results show that scenarios (1), (3) and (4) reduce complementary natural gas consumption to 17.9<!--> <!-->% of the total heat energy delivered, while scenario (2) allows eliminating it completely. However, scenario (1) exhibits the highest competitiveness under recent subsidization policies, with a weighted average levelized energy cost of heat of 104<!--> <!-->€/MWh, in line with the cost of standalone natural gas combustion in condensing boilers. PV delivers the second most cost-effective solution with strong improvement potential under grid electricity cost reductions. The study shows that current economic conditions already allow for levelized energy costs of heat close to competitiveness with natural gas and delivers useful preliminary results while offering a replicable methodology for the assessment of similar case studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A techno-economic and life cycle assessment of a new power and biomass to liquids (PBtL) configuration with negative emissions for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)","authors":"Maria Fernanda Rojas-Michaga ,&nbsp;Stavros Michailos ,&nbsp;Evelyn Cardozo ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Hughes ,&nbsp;Derek Ingham ,&nbsp;Mohamed Pourkashanian","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel configuration of the hybrid Power-and-Biomass to Liquids (PBtL) pathway for producing sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) has been developed and assessed from a techno-economic and environmental perspective. The proposed configuration can achieve negative emissions and hence a new bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) route is proposed.</div><div>The amount of CO₂ that is captured within the process and that is sent for storage ranges from 0 % to 100 %, defining the various PBtL-CCS scenarios that are evaluated. Mass and energy balances have been established through process modelling in Aspen Plus and validated using data available in the literature. Further, the System Advisor Model (SAM) tool was used to model a dedicated offshore wind farm, based on location specific wind data. Results from the technical assessment have set the foundation for economic and environmental evaluations. The economic evaluation of the proposed SAF production configurations estimates minimum jet fuel selling prices (MJSP) ranging from 0.0651 to 0.0673 £/MJ, mainly driven by electricity consumption and feedstock cost. Costs for CO₂ compression, transport, and storage have a small contribution to the MJSPs of all the proposed scenarios. Global warming potentials range from −105.33 to 13.93 gCO_2eq/MJ, with PBtL-CCS scenarios offering negative emissions and aligning with the aviation industry’s net-zero ambition for 2050. Water footprints range from 0.52 to 0.40 l/MJ, mainly driven by the water requirements of the alkaline electrolyser and refinery, followed by the wind electricity water footprint. Based on the outputs of the assessments, the resulting SAF could benefit of the support proposed by the UK SAF mandate, which could boost their economic performance by awarding certificates with monetary value. Estimates indicate that the cost of certificates that breakeven the fossil jet fuel price could reduce if negative emissions are also rewarded under this scheme.</div><div>Overall, the study introduces for the first time and assesses a novel net-negative SAF configuration, and the new information generated provides meaningful insights to a variety of stakeholders such as process developers, academics and policy makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplified impact of contact uniformity on the performance of low-catalyst-loading fuel cells","authors":"Yuanzhe Ma ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ziliang Deng ,&nbsp;Yongzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Nanfeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Kai Han ,&nbsp;Zipeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing platinum group metal (PGM) usage in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is essential for its broad implementation. To ensure the performance of low-PGM-loading PEMFCs, the contact between the flow-field plates and the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is critical. We found the MEA with lower catalyst loading is more sensitive to the change of contact uniformity, which can be quantified as average contact pressure and proportion of contact area. When the contact pressure distribution becomes less uniform and the average contact pressure between the flow-field ridge and MEA decreases from 1.05 to 0.15 MPa, the MEAs with the PGM loading of 0.100 mg/cm² and 0.060 mg/cm² exhibit 7.8 % and 37.8 % power drop at 2.0 A/cm², respectively. The experimental data is consistent with the theoretical study and can be explained as lower catalyst loading comes along with a lower volume fraction of conductive carbon support and fewer platinum sites, making the electrochemical reaction’s ohmic and mass transfer overpotential more sensitive to the environmental change. More specifically, the theoretical study shows that the MEA with lower loading (0.04 mg_PGM/cm²) suffers a more than doubled ohmic overpotential increase compared to the MEA with higher loading (0.12 mg_PGM/cm²) when average contact pressure reduces from 0.8 MPa to 0.2 MPa. Also, the lower catalyst loading MEA faces four times more mass transfer overpotential increase when the proportion of contact area reduces from 100 % to 40 %. Our findings suggest that the requirement of mechanical design and manufacturing accuracy of the components should be higher for PEMFC with lower catalyst loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion and engine roughness of water − jojoba biodiesel emulsions in diesel engine","authors":"Ihab Ayad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y.E. Selim ,&nbsp;Mamdouh T. Ghannam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates for the first time the effects of using Jojoba biodiesel-water emulsion in a diesel engine combustion, engine performance, exhaust emissions, block vibration and noise. The engine analysis was conducted using a single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a pressure sensor in the combustion chamber, an accelerometer for vibration measurement, microphone condenser probe for noise, an external flow meter to measure the fuel flow rate, and an orifice meter to measure the air flow rate. The engine speed varied from 1600 to 2100 rev/min, and the fuel pump rack position was adjusted to middle position to control the engine power output. The fuel used was Jojoba biodiesel − water emulsion at different water ratios (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and compared to pure diesel. The data recorded continuously over time included cylinder combustion pressure, sound pressure level (external noise), block vibration smoke opacity, and exhaust gases. The results showed that the use of Jojoba biodiesel-water emulsion led to a reduction in NOx and HC emissions compared to jojoba biodiesel, and a reduction in exhaust gas temperature. Brake power and maximum cylinder pressure were not significantly affected by adding water the jojoba biodiesel. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of Jojoba biodiesel-water emulsion as an alternative engine fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy management in networked microgrids: A comparative study of hierarchical deep learning and predictive analytics techniques","authors":"Nima Khosravi ,&nbsp;Adel Oubelaid ,&nbsp;Youcef Belkhier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The management of renewable energy is one of the most important areas in the ability to use resources efficiently and ensure stability in the production of energy and the grid. This paper focuses on a networked microgrid (MG) system which is composed of multiple energy sources including biomass, photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, wind turbines (WTs), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and pumped hydro storage. The study analyzes an energy management method based on hierarchical deep learning (HDL) through several scenarios. These include normal operation, peak load, changes in renewable energy generation finding faults and odd events extreme weather, cost-effective energy distribution, and long-term planning. The HDL approach uses predictive analysis real-time data, and layered control algorithms to improve energy distribution strategies, make operations more flexible, and help provide grid support services. This provides a complete outlook on how efficient it is in different operating environments. Finally, the study employs the MATLAB/Simulink environment to validate the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed energy management systems (EMSs) strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100828"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}