Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Comparative life cycle greenhouse gas emission and cost assessment of hydrogen fuel and power for Singapore","authors":"Yinjin Lee ,&nbsp;Eugene Kok ,&nbsp;Soo Lin Goh ,&nbsp;Keying Chen ,&nbsp;Eugene Hong Zhuang Ho ,&nbsp;Yong Jie Leow ,&nbsp;Daren Zong Loong Tan ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Yeo ,&nbsp;Hsien Hui Khoo ,&nbsp;Experience I. Nduagu ,&nbsp;Wenzhao (Tony) Wu ,&nbsp;Saifudin M. Abubakar ,&nbsp;Jonathan Sze Choong Low","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To identify lower-carbon and cost-effective hydrogen supplies for fuel and power generation in Singapore, we assessed the cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the landed costs of over fifty supply chains from Malaysia and Australia with current and emerging blue, turquoise, and green hydrogen production and carrier technologies. We found that with current technologies the total life cycle global warming potential of local H₂ production using steam methane reforming with carbon capture (4.47 kg CO₂e/kg H₂) is lower than importing solar-generated green H₂ from Australia transported as NH₃ (6.48 kg CO₂e/kg H₂) due to large emissions from conversion and transportation processes in the latter supply chain. When also considering emerging technologies, turquoise H₂ produced with the thermal decomposition of methane locally or in Malaysia is the most economical solution, while wind-generated H₂ from Australia transported as liquefied H₂ or NH₃ produce the least GHG emissions. In addition, we projected the impacts of the Singapore carbon tax, methane abatement in NG production, and reduction of renewable energy embodied emissions and costs on the supply chains in the year 2030. We estimated that with the expected renewable energy improvements, the emissions and costs of power generated from imported solar-powered H₂ could drop by as much as 74 % and 70 % respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100911"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising computational efficiency in dynamic modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell power systems using NARX network","authors":"Hai Vu,&nbsp;Daejun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite emerging as a green solution for power systems across various fields, fuel cell systems still face challenges that hinder their adoption due to difficulties in accurately characterising subsystems and complex phenomena, as well as the lack of effective computational models. This work utilises advanced AI technology to develop a fuel cell power system dynamic model with significantly enhanced computational speed. Three key milestones are achieved. First, a mechanistic/semi-empirical fuel cell model is established based on parameters with direct physical meaning. This model effectively illustrates the internal mechanisms of the fuel cell, providing deeper insights into its operation. Second, a complete dynamic model of a fuel cell power system is developed, comprising all necessary components and being capable of independently powering an external load or interacting with other systems. Third, by employing a Nonlinear Autoregressive model with External Input (NARX), a metamodel of the fuel cell system is created, achieving significantly improved computational efficiency while retaining essential knowledge of key phenomena. When comparing the simulation results of the NARX metamodel with those from the original mathematical model, the coefficient of determination (R²) exceeds 0.98 in post-startup conditions. Moreover, the computational speed increases at least 90-fold. The resulting metamodel demonstrates substantial potential for resolving the existential obstacles in fuel cell modelling, helping to foster the adoption of the system in real-world decarbonisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100908"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of biological processing technologies for palm oil mill waste treatment and simultaneous bioenergy production at laboratory scale, pilot scale and industrial scale applications with technoeconomic analysis","authors":"Debbie Dominic,&nbsp;Siti Baidurah","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm oil production is one of the significant economic contributors to Malaysia, yet it poses serious environmental challenges, particularly in the management of palm oil mill waste. As the industry expands, the improper management of palm oil waste has raised alarms regarding environmental concerns. This review aims to address sustainable bioenergy production through biological processing technologies for palm oil mill waste treatment, focusing on biofuels such as biogas, bioethanol, and solid biomass pellets. Furthermore, the optimization of these technologies and their efficiency in removing pollutants like chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales are also explored. Additionally, the technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of the treatment technologies using SuperPro Designer and Aspen Plus is discussed to provide insights into their economic viability and environmental benefits. This review presents a comprehensive approach to palm oil mill waste treatment integrated with bioenergy production and offers scalable and economically viable solutions for sustainable palm oil production. In the future, the development of hybrid biological treatment systems combining advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), and nanotechnology could be proposed to further enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and maximize the recovery of bioenergy. Importantly, the adoption of sustainability certifications like Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) is crucial in promoting responsible practices in palm oil production while ensuring compliance with environmental regulations, which would improve marketability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic control of a 10 MW solar-autothermal hybrid biomass gasifier for round-the-clock processing with stable syngas production","authors":"Axel Curcio ,&nbsp;Sylvain Rodat ,&nbsp;Valéry Vuillerme ,&nbsp;Stéphane Abanades","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study tackles the theoretical controllability of a hybrid solar-autothermal biomass gasifier, subject to dynamic variations of the solar power input, for round-the-clock operation. An industrial-scaled spouted bed reactor is considered, which can ensure the continuous conversion of 2 to 3 t/h of woody biomass particles. Insufficient solar power is dynamically counterbalanced by <em>in situ</em> oxy-combustion, to maintain the reaction temperature at 1200 K and the total H₂ + CO flowrate production at 1000 NL/s. A Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm is thus implemented, and the feasibility of hybridized operation is demonstrated on a second-per-second basis. Daily and yearly performance results are achieved to discuss the relevance of several model assumptions and design choices, and a sensitivity analysis is proposed. In the region of Targasonne (French Pyrenees), hybridized gasification enables reducing biomass and O₂ consumptions by 6.2 % and 19.5 %, respectively, as compared with autothermal gasification for the same gas flowrate production. The yearly solar heat share reaches 22 %, while a 7.2 % dumping of the solar heat available is necessary to avoid over-heating. Within this scope, higher H₂ + CO production rates can only be achieved at the cost of lower solar heat shares but lower dumping rates, thus better utilization of the available solar resource. The feasibility of dynamic control of a solar-autothermal biomass gasifier was successfully demonstrated for the determination of annual process performance with reasonable computational costs, paving the way to stable and controllable solar gasification process operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freshwater production through multi effect desalination integrated with parabolic trough collectors","authors":"Mohammad Mahyar Khademi,&nbsp;Fathollah Pourfayaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, due to the increase in industrial activities and the increase in the world’s population, the human need for fresh water has increased. About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, but about 15% of people suffer from lack of access to fresh water, which will increase by 40% by 2025. As a result, the use of seawater desalination units can solve the above basic problem. The use of fossil fuels is no longer a suitable solution for providing energy for desalination of sea water due to the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the use of solar energy, due to its availability and cleanliness, is a promising solution for desalination of sea water. Integration of renewable systems with desalination units can solve the shortage of fresh water in the world and make the systems sustainable. The most important desalination processes include membrane desalination (for example, reverse osmosis (RO)) and thermal desalination (for example, multistage flash (MSF) and multi effect distillation (MED)). In this review article, the integration of parabolic trough collectors (PTC) with MED desalination units is investigated. And the advantages and disadvantages of each of these systems have been examined. Finally, increasing knowledge in the field of fresh water production using parabolic solar collectors has been significantly emphasized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100907"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the operating characteristics of a free-piston closed-cycle Joule engine generator with helium as working fluid","authors":"Benlei Wang ,&nbsp;Shunmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Ugochukwu Ngwaka ,&nbsp;Boru Jia ,&nbsp;Kumar Vijayalakshmi Shivaprasad ,&nbsp;Yaodong Wang ,&nbsp;Andrew Smallbone ,&nbsp;Anthony Paul Roskilly ,&nbsp;Ercang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an emerging micro- or small-scale energy conversion technology, linear Joule engine generators (LJEGs) combine the advantages of external combustion engines and linear generators, feature the advantages of high thermal-to-electrical efficiency, multi-fuel potential, good operational flexibility, a simple and compact mechanical structure, and low frictional loss. Earlier research on LJEGs mainly focused on open-cycle systems, while closed-cycle LJEGs, which are the subject of this work, have some unique characteristics in comparison with open-cycle ones. Unfortunately, the operating features<!--> <!-->of closed-cycle LJEGs are still not well comprehended. To fill this gap, in this paper, the operating characteristics of a closed-cycle LJEG with helium as working fluid are investigated based on a validated numerical model. The dynamic characteristics and output performance of the system were investigated at different system pressures and compared with an open-cycle LJEG with air as working fluid. The outcomes reveal that the closed-cycle LJEG has a smaller piston stroke and higher output efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of key parameters such as valve timing, electrical resistance coefficient, and cylinder diameters on system performance is investigated. This study offers in-depth insights into the operation characteristics of the closed-cycle LJEG, which contributes to the design of similar systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Taguchi method and grey relational analysis to optimize the parameter design of flat-plate collectors with nanofluids, and phase change materials in an integrated solar water heating system","authors":"Guan-Rong Chen ,&nbsp;Ting-Wei Liao ,&nbsp;Chien-Chun Hsieh ,&nbsp;Jagadish Barman ,&nbsp;Chao-Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar water heating systems play a critical role in renewable energy applications, with their global market experiencing continuous growth due to increasing recognition and demand. Despite this, such systems face dual challenges in practical use: low thermal storage efficiency and insufficient heat retention. This study introduces an innovative integration of nanofluids and phase change materials (PCMs) with flat-plate collectors, representing a novel approach to addressing these challenges. Unlike prior studies that focused on individual technologies, this research combines advanced materials with multi-objective optimization to significantly enhance system performance. The Taguchi method was employed to plan the experiments, with nine control factors selected: PCM material, PCM volume, number of PCM tubes, working fluid, mass flow rate, number of collector tubes, collector tube material, tilt angle, and azimuth angle. A total of 36 experiments were designed using the Taguchi orthogonal array and simulated through TRNSYS software. Data from these experiments were analyzed using Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratios, main effects analysis, and analysis of variance to identify optimal parameter combinations. Finally, grey relational analysis was utilized for multi-quality optimization, enabling the simultaneous enhancement of thermal storage efficiency and heat retention time. The results demonstrate that the optimized configuration achieved a thermal storage efficiency of 94.2 % and a heat retention time of 31.7 h. The optimal parameters included the use of PCM material, 20 % PCM volume, 14 PCM tubes, CuO nanofluid as the working fluid, a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s, 9 collector tubes, copper collector plates, a tilt angle of 22.4°, and an azimuth angle of 0° facing south. Compared to the non-optimized system, these optimizations increased thermal storage efficiency by 28 % and extended heat retention time by 14.6 h. The innovative integration and optimization framework presented in this study not only bridges the gap between theoretical research and practical applications but also provides a scalable solution for improving the efficiency of renewable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust analysis of photovoltaic plants: A framework based on prediction uncertainties by machine learning","authors":"Seyyed Shahabaddin Hosseini Dehshiri,&nbsp;Bahar Firoozabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncertainty in photovoltaic plants significantly affects performance and economic viability, making its management crucial for optimal design and operation. In this context, the present study offers a novel framework for comprehensively assessing the photovoltaic project development. Iran was selected as a case study, and using the k-means algorithm, the area was divided into eight clusters. Subsequently, a ten Megawatts photovoltaic plant was assumed in each region, and a comprehensive feasibility assessment was conducted, encompassing energy, economic, environmental, exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and energoeconomic aspects. Finally, the uncertainties were simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The gradient boosting regressor machine learning algorithm was predicted the PV plant for 10,000 different scenarios (R² ∼ 98 %). The results showed the capacity factor and exergy efficiency of photovoltaic panels across Iran ranged from 23-27 % and 19.3–20.6 %, respectively. Additionally, the Levelized cost of electricity and payback period were in the range of 48–56 $/MWh and 13–16 years, respectively. Also, Monte Carlo analysis showed the probability of project failure for developing photovoltaic power plants in Iran was between 14–26 %. This assessment demonstrates the PV project development in Iranian cities is feasible and can serve as a reference for fossil-fuel-rich countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100912"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and impact of electrical energy consumption in the academic sector. A case study of the university of Castilla-La Mancha","authors":"Aarón Ortiz-Peña ,&nbsp;Andrés Honrubia-Escribano ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Gallego-Giner ,&nbsp;Álvaro Galán ,&nbsp;Emilio Gómez-Lázaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The notable increase in electricity consumption in industrialized countries in recent years has been accompanied by the need to reduce this consumption to achieve a sustainable energy situation, in line with national and European strategic plans. This study aims to examine the electricity consumption of the University of Castilla-La Mancha in its entirety from 2021 to 2023, during which time energy-saving measures were established in March 2022 in response to high energy prices, thus addressing a research gap in real electricity consumption in public educational institutions and its economic impact, additionally incorporating energy efficiency measures. In the study, various electrical and economic results are obtained to understand the behavior of electricity demand and its economic impact. It was observed that, thanks to the energy-saving measures implemented, electricity consumption decreased by 18% in 2022 and 20% in 2023 compared to 2021. Regarding billing, there was a 28.55% increase in 2022 compared to 2021 due to the high price of energy despite a reduction in electricity consumption compared to the previous year. However, in 2023, there was a total reduction of 29.92% compared to 2021, as the price of energy declined. The work also reveals that energy efficiency measures have had different impacts depending on the type of building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100894"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143224185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water vapor quantification in raw product gas by THz quantum cascade laser","authors":"Florian Johann Müller ,&nbsp;Michael Jaidl ,&nbsp;Dominik Theiner ,&nbsp;Johann Zeitlhofer ,&nbsp;Florian Benedikt ,&nbsp;Lena Steiner ,&nbsp;Alexander Bartik ,&nbsp;Marie Christine Ertl ,&nbsp;Aaron Maxwell Andrews ,&nbsp;Gottfried Strasser ,&nbsp;Stefan Müller ,&nbsp;Franz Winter ,&nbsp;Karl Unterrainer","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online quantification of water vapor in hot and complex gases, like raw product gas from biomass gasification, is essential for process understanding and control. The complex nature of these gases presents many challenges, e.g., band overlap or dust and tar deposits on equipment. Offline measurement by condensing water is labor-intensive and does not provide continuous real-time data. This study introduces a spectroscopic setup consisting of a quantum cascade laser emitting in the far-infrared range, a gas cell heated to around 250 °C, and a pyroelectric detector to quantify water vapor content in real-time. A 1^st-order distributed feedback grating ensures single-mode operation of the laser at the desired water absorption line (2.294<!--> <!-->THz). This setup was successfully tested for online analysis of raw product gas from steam gasification of waste wood. The average result from the new spectroscopic setup was 45.8 vol-% water vapor content, compared to the condensation measurement, which showed 46.7 vol-% water vapor content. Uncertainty was determined as −0.7<!--> <!-->to +1.1 vol-% H₂O. New data from the QCL-based measurement were available every 1 to 5 s, allowing for a better understanding of the process while operating the gasifier. The permanent gas species detected in the raw gas included CO, H₂, CO₂, CH₄, NH₃, and H₂S. Additionally, 4.16<!--> <!-->g/Nm³_dry of tar was detected gravimetrically and 31.21<!--> <!-->g/Nm³_dry by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Measurement continued without issue in this raw, hot product gas from biomass steam gasification for two hours. This work showcases quantum cascade lasers’ strong potential for spectroscopy applications in hot and complex gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100906"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}