Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid local energy markets in Japan: assessing the impact of regional renewable energy integration, demand flexibility, and consumer behavior","authors":"Mehran Moradi ,&nbsp;Hooman Farzaneh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources is transforming conventional power systems, necessitating innovative market structures to enhance energy efficiency, reduce grid dependency, and improve economic sustainability. This study proposes a decentralized hybrid local energy market (HLEM) that integrates peer-to-peer trading and community-based market mechanisms to facilitate both intra- and inter-community energy exchanges across different regions in Japan. The model incorporates market participants’ risk attributes, shaped by demand elasticity, into the decision-making process to evaluate market participation and trading behavior. A decentralized optimization framework is used in the model, utilizing the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers, which guarantees both computational efficiency and feasibility. Furthermore, Jain’s Fairness Index serves to assess fairness and the level of participant engagement within the market. The framework is validated, using real-time data collected from the Japan Electric Power Exchange market, taking into account regional differences in demand trends, price responsiveness, and the availability of renewable energy. The results indicate that local generation has a considerable effect on market pricing systems, influencing demand patterns. Tokyo and Chubu achieve grid independence six and five times, with average price reductions of 21 percent and 14 percent, respectively. In contrast, Tohoku achieves grid independence for the one-time slot, while Kyushu remains entirely dependent on external resources, resulting in the lowest price reductions. Additionally, equity among participants is enhanced with the availability of local generation via HLEM, particularly in areas where demand flexibility is greater. The findings emphasize the capability of hybrid market frameworks to improve energy adaptability, lessen dependence on the upstream grid, and foster fair energy distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review: Charging infrastructure optimisation to support widespread adoption of electric vehicles","authors":"Michael Chuba Okika,&nbsp;Innocent Musonda","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity because of a variety of reasons, such as lower prices and more environmental and climate awareness. More specifically, an evaluation of the prospects and global market scenario for EVs is done. Many countries are accelerating the adoption of EVs to minimise environmental degradation and reliance on oil. The introduction of EVs, specifically battery electric vehicle (BEV), is viewed as a remedy to the energy problem and environmental concerns. This article presents a thorough examination of the technical evolution of EVs and technologies to support their adoption. The key technologies for electric motors, control, batteries, charging technology and EV control and charging infrastructure (CI) are summarised. This is a review study that focuses on certain key technologies in this regard, including smart charging, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), EV charging using photovoltaic panels (PV) and EV on-road charging. Smart charging of EVs is intended to increase EV and renewable energy penetration, reduce charging costs and improve grid infrastructure utilisation. This study also discusses technological problems and technologies to improve the safety, reliability and efficiency of EVs. The study found that the key technologies play vital roles in EV sustainability and reliability. The studies revealed that the most significant drawback of EVs is their autonomy. Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is critical for enabling a smooth transition to e-mobility. To promote the use of electrified transportation, an extensive network of charging stations and power management systems must be built in a user-friendly setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101069"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis for thermal management strategies in the design of PEMFC bipolar plates using different flow patterns","authors":"Abubakar Unguwanrimi Yakubu ,&nbsp;Omer Abbaker Ahmed Mohammed ,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuanhong Ye ,&nbsp;Qi Jiang ,&nbsp;Meng Kai ,&nbsp;Liu Qingsheng ,&nbsp;Shusheng Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and their environmental consequences have catalyzed the search for alternative energy sources. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising technologies, with efficiencies of over 60 % in energy conversion and zero-emission operation. However, commercialization is limited by issues with water and thermal management, particularly in the flow field design, which has direct implications for performance, durability, and efficiency. Prior research has determined that optimized flow field geometries can improve PEMFC performance through improved reactant distribution and water removal. However, most of the research has only been concerned with the anode side or with simplified models, with little quantitative validation based on experimentation. This work overcomes these limitations by carrying out an extensive three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of six different cathode-side flow field geometries labeled A to F on a PEMFC with an active area of 25 cm². It was verified experimentally with a polarization curve measurement and temperature test, having less than 4 % error in pressure drop and &lt; 6 % accuracy in temperature prediction. The greatest peak power density of 0.85 W cm⁻² of optimized Design E, or 47.08 % of reference Design A 0.58 W cm⁻², pertained to considered designs. Design E also showed a reduction in water saturation of 30 % and an oxygen concentration of 0.212 mol/m³ at the exit of the cathode, 18.5 % higher than that for Design A. It also exhibited the lowest pressure drop, ∼ 800 Pa, and the highest maximum uniformity of temperature and current density distribution uniformity index of 0.79. Other optimized geometries, B, C, D, and F, achieved mean power density improvements of 12.60 % and 20.00 % with various trade-offs in pressure drop and water management. Experimental results quantitatively demonstrate that the intentional optimization of cathode flow field geometry can significantly enhance PEMFC efficiency, water management, and thermal homogeneity. The validated CFD method is a reliable tool for future design and scale-up optimization of PEMFC systems, especially in automotive, aerospace, and portable power applications. This research adds a comprehensive performance matrix that can be used to inform the design of next-generation, high-efficiency, corrosion-resistant PEMFC flow fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101071"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles: An opportunity for commercialization","authors":"Taha Al Rafei ,&nbsp;Nadia Yousfi Steiner ,&nbsp;Elodie Pahon ,&nbsp;Daniel Hissel","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past few years, there has been a significant change in the global emphasis on environmentally friendly energy options, especially within the automotive sector. As a result, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) have emerged as a promising technology for medium and heavy-duty vehicles (M−HDVs), offering a cleaner and more efficient alternative to conventional internal combustion engines (ICE). This attempt at intermediate commercialization leverages HDVs as a stepping stone for wider fuel cell adoption, capitalizing on the gap in electrifying HDVs. This overview will investigate the drivers behind the growing interest in PEMFC for HDV, including environmental concerns, performance advantages, and economic incentives. Moreover, key obstacles to the rapid commercialization of fuel cell technology for HDVs are evaluated, with emphasis placed on material advancements and system strategies best aligned with industry needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101070"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and design of a Carnot Battery for energy storage applications","authors":"Ivo Silva,&nbsp;Márcio Santos,&nbsp;José B. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a numerical design and optimization of a Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle based Carnot Battery, focusing on determining the optimal nominal operating conditions for selecting key components for the construction of a small-scale test rig. Initially, the mathematical models of the six Carnot batteries are established and validated by published literature data. Afterwards, the optimization procedure is divided into a single-objective optimization and a multi-objective optimization, focusing on balancing three key performance parameters of the system: energetic, exergetic and economic. In the single-objective optimization, six distinct system configurations and sixteen combinations of four environmentally friendly working fluids were subjected to analysis. A score was assigned to each combination of working fluids and system configurations. The set with the highest score undergoes multi-objective optimization to obtain a Pareto front and determine the optimal operating condition. The use of regenerators in both heat pump and organic Rankine cycle with R1233zd(E)-R1233zd(E) as the working fluid combination achieves the optimal balance between thermodynamic and economic performance. The combinations using R1234ze(Z) in the HP cycle also yielded excellent results in all systems. The design condition of the lab-scale system achieves a roundtrip efficiency of 81.30 % and <em>LCOS</em> of 1.09 €/kWh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyro-gasification of Norwegian industrial solid waste (ISW) for hydrogen production and district heating application: A 4-E (energy, exergy, environment, and economic) analysis","authors":"Md. Yasir Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Souman Rudra ,&nbsp;A.S.M. Sayem","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electricity or heat production from waste incineration is often inefficient and costly, posing challenges for Norway’s ambition to achieve net-zero carbon emissions and a hydrogen-based economy by 2050. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop and evaluate two advanced thermochemical pathways- Sorption-Enhanced Chemical Looping Gasification (SE-CLG) and Pyrolysis-Integrated SE-CLG (Pyro-SE-CLG) for tri-generation (hydrogen, heat, and electricity) from Norwegian Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Industrial Solid Waste (ISW), while improving waste management efficiency and environmental performance. Experimental characterization of typical Norwegian ISW (HHV = 17.43  MJ/kg; LHV = 16.22  MJ/kg) revealed substantial energy potential. From literature, heavy metal presence in this type of waste and oxygen carrier (OC) deactivation with ash interaction prompted the development of the Pyro-SE-CLG model to enhance feedstock flexibility, facilitate heavy metal removal, and align waste utilization with national decarbonization goals. Both models were simulated using Aspen Plus and assessed via a 4-E (Energy, Exergy, Environment, and Economic) analysis. The SE-CLG maximized hydrogen yield at (170.6  kg H₂/ton MSW; 142.8  kg H₂/ton ISW), energy efficiency (up to 69.11 %), exergy efficiency (up to 57.29 %), and hot water recovery (up to 4,300 L/ton MSW) for district heating applications. Pyro-SE-CLG, while yielding 16–20 % less hydrogen and requiring five times more oxygen carrier (OC), enabled complete heavy metal removal using 200  kg of 1  M HCl per ton ISW and improved OC reusability, thereby reducing operational costs. Sensitivity analysis identified optimal hydrogen production at 800 °C (fuel reactor) and 200 °C (WGSR), with Ca₂Fe₂O₅ ensuring stable performance across both configurations. Environmental analysis highlighted SE-CLG(MSW) as the most favorable option, achieving 25.55 % lower global warming potential (GWP) and 66.80 % lower acidification potential (AP) than ISW, while Pyro-SE-CLG reduced GWP during pyrolysis but exhibited higher post-PSA emissions due to lower CO₂ capture efficiency. Economically, Pyro-SE-CLG(ISW) achieved the lowest hydrogen sale price (3.32 USD/kg), whereas SE-CLG(ISW) recorded the highest sustainability index (SI = 2.34). By optimizing hydrogen and heat recovery while addressing heavy metal contamination, this study supports Norway’s transition toward a circular, low-carbon energy system and demonstrates the potential of waste-to-hydrogen pathways to meet national 2050 sustainability targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101068"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing photovoltaic innovation: Advancements, challenges, and strategic pathways for sustainable global development","authors":"Ali Akbar Firoozi ,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Firoozi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Maghami","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review provides a critical synthesis of advancements and unresolved challenges in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology within the context of global sustainability imperatives. Motivated by the pressing need to decarbonize energy systems and address the limitations of fossil fuel dependence, the study systematically examines state-of-the-art developments in PV cell efficiency, material innovations, and energy storage integration. A structured methodology was employed, encompassing a literature search of peer-reviewed articles and technical reports published between 2020 and 2025, using defined inclusion criteria across Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases. Emphasis is placed on real-world performance gaps relative to laboratory-scale efficiencies, lifecycle environmental impacts of PV manufacturing and disposal, and critical supply chain vulnerabilities related to rare earth and semiconductor materials. The analysis also evaluates socio-technical dimensions such as grid integration, community resistance to utility-scale projects, and regional policy frameworks. Findings highlight that while technological innovation continues to drive cost reductions and scalability, systemic barriers, especially in energy storage, recycling, and infrastructure compatibility, must be addressed through coordinated policy, investment, and research initiatives. The review concludes with identified research gaps and forward-looking strategies for enhancing PV deployment under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with particular focus on energy equity, climate resilience, and circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of copper foam thicknesses and non-uniform configurations on the performance of direct absorption parabolic trough collectors","authors":"Iman Shahdad,&nbsp;Mahdi Moghimi,&nbsp;Mahdi Navidbakhsh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the thermal efficiency of direct absorption parabolic trough collectors is a fundamental challenge in advancing solar energy technologies, as improved heat absorption directly impacts overall system performance. This study experimentally investigates the influence of copper porous foams on the thermal performance of a direct absorption parabolic trough collector, aiming to optimize efficiency by analyzing various porous foam configurations under varying inlet temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C) and flow rates (20–120 Lph). Four foam thicknesses, representing 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the absorber tube’s inner radius, were tested in full and semi-porous arrangements. Additionally, two innovative gradient foams with radially variable pore densities—one increasing and one decreasing—were developed and analyzed. The results indicated that increasing foam thickness enhanced thermal efficiency, with maximum improvements of 111.6 %, 125.5 %, 133.9 %, and 143.9 % for the 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % configurations, respectively. The full-porous 100 % foam achieved the highest thermal efficiency of 51.3 % (at 20 °C, 120 Lph) and a maximum temperature difference of 15.3 °C (at 20 Lph), albeit with the highest friction factor. The semi-porous arrangement yielded maximum efficiencies of 37.6 % and 44.8 % for 25 % and 100 % foams, respectively. The performance evaluation criteria for the 25 % copper foam in both full and semi-porous arrangements exceeded one, reaching a peak of 1.42, indicating it as the optimal configuration. Notably, the gradient copper foam with radially increasing pore density achieved a thermal efficiency of 50.3 %, comparable to the full-porous 100 % foam, but with reduced pressure drop, resulting in superior performance evaluation criteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical-thermal numerical model of a lithium-ion battery under natural convection liquid immersion cooling conditions","authors":"Niall P. Williams,&nbsp;Daniel Trimble,&nbsp;Séamus M. O’Shaughnessy","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The suitability of direct contact liquid immersion cooling as a method of battery thermal management is investigated numerically in this study, where a 26650 LiFePO₄ cylindrical cell is subjected to natural convection liquid immersion conditions. The internal electrochemical behaviour of the cell is replicated through the implementation of the Newman pseudo two-dimensional model, while the liquid domain is also simulated to capture the heat transfer from the cell during both charging and discharging at a rate of 4C. The average surface temperature of the cell is limited to maximums of 294.6 <em>K</em> and 300 <em>K</em> during charging and discharging respectively as a result of the strong fluid agitation induced by natural convection from its surface. The convective heat flux is significantly elevated at the electrode terminals due to their smaller surface area and the higher thermal conductivity along the cell’s vertical axis. The poor radial thermal conductivity contributes to the establishment of notable core-to-surface temperature differences, reaching 2.5 <em>K</em> and 6.8 <em>K</em> during charging and discharging respectively. These thermal gradients are of concern with regard to accelerated degradation of the cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing campus microgrid energy systems: Economic, environmental, and sensitivity insights","authors":"D. Suganthi,&nbsp;K. Jamuna","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy demand is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries like India, where conventional energy sources dominate. Tackling energy challenges is essential due to resource limitations and rising carbon emissions. This work develops an optimized Hybrid Energy System design for the Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai by integrating solar, wind, diesel generator and battery storage to enhance energy reliability and sustainability. The system is analyzed under both grid-connected and standalone microgrid configurations using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable, with an emphasis on techno-economic feasibility and environmental impact. A sensitivity analysis also conducted to evaluate the effects of resource availability and cost fluctuations on the net present cost and electricity cost. Environmental analysis highlights a dramatic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, with CO₂ emissions dropping from 2,756,885 kg/year to 14,621 kg/year. Key metrics like Net Present Cost and Levelized Cost of Energy are used to identify cost-effective solutions tailored to the VIT Chennai.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}