Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Retrofitted long-range hydrogen aircraft: A viable path to sustainable aviation?","authors":"Saeed Rostami ,&nbsp;Khodayar Javadi ,&nbsp;Abbas Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aviation industry faces increasing pressure to decarbonize, yet long-range flights have limited alternatives due to the need for high-energy–density fuels. Hydrogen is a promising candidate, but its feasibility depends on selecting the optimal production pathway, addressing nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions, and managing hydrogen leakage. This study comprehensively evaluates six hydrogen production pathways for retrofitted long-range hydrogen aircraft, assessing their emissions, operating costs, and environmental-cost trade-offs. The results show that without NO_x mitigation, hydrogen-powered aircraft emit 8.6% to 58.6% more equivalent of carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) than Jet-A even under the most favorable pathway (renewable electrolysis, ERE). Additionally, hydrogen aircraft’s direct operating cost is significantly higher, with ERE increasing costs by 91% in medium twin-aisle aircraft and up to 132% in very large aircraft. A NO_x sensitivity analysis indicates that at least 15% NO_x reduction is required for medium twin-aisle aircraft to achieve lower emissions than Jet-A, while larger aircraft need reductions of 60–75%. The Eco-Efficiency Index confirms that even with NO_x mitigation, hydrogen aircraft remain less cost-efficient than Jet-A. Furthermore, hydrogen leakage penalties are higher in ERE for long-range aircraft, highlighting additional sustainability challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-Economic Comparative analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems optimization considering Off-Grid remote area electrification in Bangladesh","authors":"Himalay Baidya,&nbsp;Md Tarak Rahman Zisan,&nbsp;Arham Zaman Alif,&nbsp;Ahbab Ahmed,&nbsp;Mahmudul Hasan,&nbsp;Nahid-Ur-Rahman Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable electricity access is crucial for enhancing living standards, fostering socio-economic growth, and ensuring community well-being in remote and underserved regions. Bhasan Char, a remote island in the Bay of Bengal, faces significant challenges in providing sustainable and reliable energy to support its population of over 100,000 Rohingya refugees. For off-grid regions, Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems present a viable and environmentally sustainable electrification solution by integrating multiple energy sources. This study investigates the design, simulation, and optimization of HRES-based power generation to meet the comprehensive electricity needs of Bhasan Char. Using HOMER Pro software, six different hybrid energy models were developed and analyzed to evaluate their technical, economic, and environmental viability. Throughout the optimization process, peak loads of 2,287 kW, 470 kW, and 2,180 kW were considered for residential, community, and deferrable uses, respectively. Out of the six models evaluated, the most cost-effective configuration was found to be PV/Biogas/Diesel/Wind/Battery. This optimal solution comprises 3.5 MW of PV, 0.5 MW of biogas generator, 3.2 MW of diesel power, 1.98 MW of wind, 8.53 MWh battery storage capacity and can generate 14,893,809 kWh of energy annually, which is sufficient to meet the entire community’s energy requirements. With a Cost of Energy of $0.195/kWh and a Net Present Cost of roughly $34.9 million, the system presents an economically viable solution. The substantial 80.6 % penetration of renewable energy considerably reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, Sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the resilience of the proposed systems ensuring adaptability to future uncertainties. The research offers a viable model for rural electrification, providing valuable insights into deploying sustainable power solutions in isolated regions and supporting global objectives for energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of deposit accumulation and tribological degradation in diesel engine utilizing blend fuels","authors":"Faheem Ahmed Solangi ,&nbsp;Altaf Alam Noonari ,&nbsp;Fayaz Hussain ,&nbsp;Zhou Ding ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Luqman Razzaq","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing alcohol in diesel engines offers an alternative approach to reducing dependence on diesel fuel. Specifically, higher alcohols such as n-butanol (nB) and n-pentanol (Pn), which have high carbon content and are largely derived from non-edible sources, can be directly blended with diesel. These blends present significant economic and environmental advantages, making the study of high-carbon alcohol use in diesel engines increasingly important. This research focused on creating blends of waste cooking oil and n-pentanol with diesel fuel, preparing three binary and ternary mixtures: DF95WCO5 and DF65WCO20Pe20. The primary goal was to investigate the fundamental characteristics of these blends. However, challenges such as increased deposits, pollutant emissions, and reduced engine performance when using biodiesel have been noted. A detailed evaluation of combustion chamber deposit buildup and its impact on emissions and engine performance was carried out. The study employed diesel, waste frying oil, and n-pentanol blends. After 200 h of operation, engine injectors and pump pistons were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. It was discovered that waste cooking oil binary mix fuel had a greater rate of carbon deposition generation than diesel fuel, with 89.68% for WCO and 80.01% for D100. By contrast, engine part deposition was reduced when n-pentanol was mixed with waste cooking oil as opposed to diesel fuel, with a deposition rate of 47.90% for n-pentanol. The results revealed notable surface structure changes on pistons with DF95WCO5 and n-pentanol blends. Wear debris concentration was reduced when using emulsified fuels, particularly in binary blends, while the ternary blend DF65WCO20Pe20 showed further reductions in Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) compared to pure diesel. The engine demonstrated lower viscosity and increased density when operated with these blended fuels. Experimental findings highlighted significant differences between biodiesel derived from used and fresh cooking oils, including reduced engine performance, higher carbon deposits, and accelerated metal degradation in key components of diesel engine lubricating oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel AI-based CNN model to predict the structural performance of monopile used for offshore wind energy systems","authors":"Sajid Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Waleed ,&nbsp;Daeyong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study builds an AI-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to guess 50-year extreme wind and wave conditions and assess structural loads on the monopile foundation of the NREL 15 MW offshore wind turbine. The model was trained and validated by means of 7 years of measured wind and wave data, applying an organized filtering process to check data quality. The CNN projections were evaluated via a multi-step validation approach, integrating extreme value investigation and structural load approximation. The AI-CNN model forecasted a 50-year extreme wind speed (EWS) of 21.61 m/s, 5.3 % higher than the Gumbel algorithm, guaranteeing conventional load calculations. Structural analysis by means of BLADED software demonstrated that critical load sub-components, such as the y-force and x-moment, amplified by up to 10 %, strengthening safety limits under extreme circumstances. Additionally, the AI-CNN model was well validated alongside psychrometric data to expand prediction stoutness further than established extreme value modeling. Additionally, comparative assessment of training dataset sizes (100–800) validated increasing model accuracy and reliability with bigger datasets, highlighting the effectiveness of long-term measured data for CNN training. These conclusions validate the AI-CNN model as a dependable tool for extreme environmental load calculations, advancing enhanced optimization and structural safety for OWT monopile foundations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on radiative cooling of a linear alternator in a free-piston Stirling electric generator","authors":"Qingyue Jin ,&nbsp;Guoyao Yu ,&nbsp;Haojie Sun ,&nbsp;Jing Luo ,&nbsp;Hangyu Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Shunmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Ercang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat rejection of a linear alternator (LA) plays a pivotal role in achieving high performance and a long lifetime. This paper proposes an innovative approach for the first time that utilizes a high emissivity coating formulated from a blend of microsilica and graphene nanosheets to enhance the radiation heat dissipation inside the LAs, offering advantages of structural simplicity and cost-effectiveness. To elucidate the radiative heat transfer characteristics interacted with the oscillating flow within the LA, firstly, a CFD model was developed to analyse the oscillating flow coupled radiative heat transfer within a 1.5-kW LA. The effects of coating emissivity, backdrop temperature, dissipated heat by the components, and mean pressure on the heat transfer of the LA’s electromagnetic components were investigated. Numerical calculations indicate that the high emissivity coating reduces the average temperature of the coil adjacent to the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet itself, and the inner stator by approximately 10.0 K, while the temperature of the coils adjoining the outer housing and the outer stator decreases by about 4.2 K. Additionally, the efficacy of the high emissivity coating in enhancing the cooling of these components was significantly amplified under elevated heat generation conditions. Subsequently, an experimental test rig was built and the results showed that the high emissivity coating reduces the temperature of the coil and outer stator by 1.1 K and 0.2 K, respectively, increases the output electric power by 6.6 W, and improves thermal-to-electric efficiency by 0.3 % under the operating conditions with cooling water temperature of 298 K and mean pressure of 4.5 MPa. This work provides valuable perception into enhancing the internal cooling effect of LAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear-based combined heat and power industrial energy parks − application of high temperature small modular reactors","authors":"Václav Novotný ,&nbsp;Junyung Kim ,&nbsp;So-Bin Cho ,&nbsp;Aidan Rigby ,&nbsp;Rami M. Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study identifies industries that are well-suited for replacing or supplementing existing process heating facilities with nuclear power to reduce GHG emissions. Three criteria are considered in selecting target industries: energy demand, applicability of heat from nuclear energy, and the operating principles of the industries. This study also investigates the role of thermal energy storage (TES) in enhancing the integration of nuclear systems within industrial energy parks, exploring its impact on various industrial processes such as chemical plants, oil refineries, and steel production facilities. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive examination of TES integration between the nuclear primary loop and the steam cycle, ensuring that system performance is not compromised. This research goes beyond previous efforts by demonstrating the potential for moderate-temperature nuclear heat to replace fossil-based systems in many industries, while highlighting the challenges of meeting high-temperature demands. The study utilized a two-tank molten-salt TES system to provide flexible combined heat and power (CHP) to an industrial energy park, where diverse thermal and electric demands are integrated. A case study shows that TES integration can significantly reduce reliance on natural gas boilers by 9%-77% and decrease dependence on external grids, achieving substantial internal electricity supply. The economic analysis revealed the cost-optimal trade-offs of Nuclear-TES-CHP systems when integrated with existing natural gas boilers in the industrial plant. This study emphasizes the critical role of TES in achieving decarbonization goals, positioning it as an essential element for future industrial energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism and variable renewable energy integration on fossil-based energy systems","authors":"Boris Ćosić ,&nbsp;Neven Duić","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to mitigate carbon leakage and foster global decarbonisation by introducing carbon pricing on imported carbon-intensive goods entering the EU. This paper evaluates CBAM’s impact on the interconnected electricity market of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, analysing how variable renewable energy sources (VRES) deployment and CBAM compliance reshape energy trade, emissions, and system flexibility. Using the Dispa-SET model, a unit commitment and power dispatch tool for multi-zonal systems with high renewables integration, the study examines electricity flows, fossil fuel dependency, and decarbonisation trajectories across three scenarios: NECP, representing planned technologies; LRES, reflecting low renewables integration; and HRES, with high renewable deployment. The results show that accelerated VRES deployment reduces fossil fuel dependency, with CO₂ intensity in Bosnia and Herzegovina dropping to 0.85 g_CO2/kWh by 2035 under the HRES scenario. Electricity exports from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia decline from 3.41 TWh in 2025 to 1.39 TWh by 2035 under the NECP scenario but stabilise at 2.35 TWh in the HRES scenario. Curtailment in Bosnia and Herzegovina rises to 2.73 TWh/year by 2035, or 24.2 % of VRES generation, highlighting the challenges of managing high renewable penetration. The interplay between declining coal power operations, reduced emissions, and shifting electricity exports underscores the complexities of aligning regional energy systems with EU decarbonisation goals while ensuring energy security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-driven modeling of biodiesel production from fats, oils, and grease (FOG) with process optimization via particle swarm optimization","authors":"Badril Azhar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu ,&nbsp;Cries Avian ,&nbsp;Karthickeyan Viswanathan ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Raymond Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design and optimization of a biodiesel production process, emphasizing the integration of machine learning (ML) models and process optimization techniques. The biodiesel production process involves multiple stages, including feedstock preparation, esterification, and transesterification, with catalysts Amberlyst-15 and KOH used in continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs). Sensitivity analysis reveals that high conversions of free fatty acids (94 %) and triglycerides (97 %) are achievable under optimized operating conditions. To enhance process efficiency, adjustments to reaction temperature, time, and methanol-to-oil ratios are proposed, resulting in lower energy consumption and material costs. A ML model evaluation, using various algorithms, identify XGBoost, Extra Trees, Gradient Boosting, LGBM, and Random Forest demonstrate the best performer for predicting process parameters, achieving an R² value of nearly to 1. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is then employed to optimize the selected ML model (XGBoost), leading to the identification of optimal input parameters for biodiesel production. The optimized process, combined with heat integration, reduces pre-heating energy requirements by 80.9 % and total heat duties by 19.9 %. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining ML and optimization techniques to enhance biodiesel production efficiency while reducing costs and energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing the hydrogen demand curve for road transport: Case studies for Germany and China","authors":"Lin Zheng ,&nbsp;Johannes Eckstein ,&nbsp;Bastian Weissenburger ,&nbsp;Madeleine Gibescu ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Eichhammer","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using hydrogen as a fuel can potentially decarbonize road transport, however, its economic feasibility is unclear due to the absence of a hydrogen market. This paper introduces a novel approach for deriving hydrogen demand curves in road transport and analyzes the hydrogen demand potential for Germany and China. By estimating acceptable prices for new vehicle buyers opting for hydrogen and the possible hydrogen demand from these new vehicles, we provide insights into potential market dynamics. Additionally, we examine the impacts of different developments in fuel, electricity, and carbon prices on technology diffusion and hydrogen demand potential. Simulations for 2030 and 2050 across 15 price pathways reveal that hydrogen could be demanded in passenger transport in 2030 in Germany but not beyond, attributed to the economic viability and improving availability of electric alternatives. Heavy-duty freight emerges as a key demand segment with significant long-term potential in both countries, with higher acceptable prices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance efficiency and energy harvesting of single and multi-duck WEC under diverse geometrical and operational scenarios","authors":"Mostafa Jafarzadeh Khatibani ,&nbsp;Hassan Ghassemi ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ghiasi ,&nbsp;Guanghua He","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the hydrodynamic behavior, performance efficiency, and power absorption of single and multi-duck pitching-type wave energy converters (WECs). The comparison and validation of computational results have been conducted with previously published experimental data. The aim is to identify the most suitable WEC size for the most probable wave condition of the Astara port in the Caspian Sea while obtaining the optimum power take-off (PTO) damping coefficient for different geometry ratios (GRs). The power extraction and performance efficiency are then calculated at various wave heights and periods, considering both two-way and one-way PTO systems. It is found that the performance efficiency of the duck WEC with a GR of 3.2 devotes higher efficiency, and also, by engaging the two-way PTO system, absorbs 45.4% more power. The interaction factor accounts for the interference between the WECs due to their proximity. The study thoroughly examines the dynamic response, performance efficiency, power extraction, and interaction factor of the WEC under varying ranges of regular wave characteristics. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the behavior and efficiency of single and multi-duck WECs in regular waves and can aid in developing and optimizing wave energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}