Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

Economic dispatch optimization of a metal hydride storage system for supplying heat and electricity in a residential application 住宅供热用电金属氢化物储能系统的经济调度优化

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101579

Carlos Muñoz , Nies Reininghaus , Julián Puszkiel , Astrid Pistoor , Michael Kroener , Alexander Dyck , Martin Vehse , Thomas Klassen , Julian Jepsen

{"title":"Economic dispatch optimization of a metal hydride storage system for supplying heat and electricity in a residential application","authors":"Carlos Muñoz , Nies Reininghaus , Julián Puszkiel , Astrid Pistoor , Michael Kroener , Alexander Dyck , Martin Vehse , Thomas Klassen , Julian Jepsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve affordable, clean energy, incorporating renewable energy into existing energy systems is the key. One challenge is the fluctuating nature of renewable resources, which can be asynchronous with energy demands. Hydrogen storage, particularly metal hydride storage, is a favorable solution for balancing supply and demand. In particular, metal hydride storage, compared with pressurized or liquefied hydrogen storage, is a favorable technology choice due to its storage energy density (50-100 kg H˙2/m<sup>3</sup>) and its low operating temperature and pressure. This paper presents a simulation-based framework to investigate the optimal design and operation of a coupled Electrolyzer-Fuel Cell-Metal Hydride system (SET-Unit) for minimizing operational and capital expenses in a residential application. The results show that integrating heat pumps with a metal-hydride storage system and photovoltaics can achieve 83% energy self-sufficiency and a 7.1-year payback period. Combining SET-Unit, gas boilers, and photovoltaics can result in 28% energy self-sufficiency, annual savings of over 2221 EUR, and a payback period of 7.4 years. The SET-Unit, combined with renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, and the in-market available gas boilers or heat pumps, shows benefits in efficiency, annual energy cost reduction, and a relatively short payback period for the household. Using the low end of published values for capital expenses, economic feasibility can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101579"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon reduction strategy based on coordination of production stages in cement manufacturing enterprises considering locational marginal carbon emission 考虑区位边际碳排放的水泥生产企业生产阶段协调减碳策略

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101561

Sheng Xiang, Panpan Li, Xinyu Zhang, Hongming Yang, Shuaihao Cheng, Archie James Johnston

{"title":"Carbon reduction strategy based on coordination of production stages in cement manufacturing enterprises considering locational marginal carbon emission","authors":"Sheng Xiang, Panpan Li, Xinyu Zhang, Hongming Yang, Shuaihao Cheng, Archie James Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement manufacturing enterprises, recognized as one of the most significant global carbon emission sources, face substantial pressure for carbon reduction. Conventional carbon reduction strategies predominantly emphasize direct carbon emissions, yet they often overlook the considerable impact of indirect carbon emissions from purchased electricity. This oversight renders them ill-suited for the trend of electricity substitution. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel carbon reduction approach for cement manufacturing enterprises. The approach integrates a two-stage stochastic optimization and is centered on the dynamic collaborative control of controllable production stages. Specifically, the operational states and production rates of these controllable production stages are controlled based on the locational marginal carbon emission factor and inventory constraints, effectively reducing indirect carbon emissions without impeding the daily production target. Finally, the proposed method is verified using the IEEE 30-node system and real-world data from an actual cement manufacturing enterprise in Hunan, China. The results indicate that through the coordinated control of controllable production stages, the proposed model achieves a 15.35% reduction in indirect carbon emissions. Moreover, it demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in mitigating the impact of uncertainties (such as renewable generation fluctuations), highlighting its practical value and potential for wide-scale implementation in the cement industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101561"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reinforcement learning in pulse energy converters, process knowledge learned to transfer perspective framework 强化学习在脉冲能量转换器，过程知识学习转移的视角框架

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101599

Robert Baždarić, Jasmin Ćelić

{"title":"Reinforcement learning in pulse energy converters, process knowledge learned to transfer perspective framework","authors":"Robert Baždarić, Jasmin Ćelić","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents the task-based methodological framework of reinforcement learning (RL) for the control of energy transfer using the example of pulse energy converters (PEC). The focus is on the evaluation aspects of RL design as reflected in the formulation of knowledge learned and the ability to transfer for safe system application. The designer’s awareness of the process knowledge that is critical to the design of the control system begins with the definition of the necessary initial knowledge about the process and continues with the transformation of the RL knowledge, including storage and internal or external transferability. The transferable knowledge is inductive knowledge and not knowledge about the hyperparameters of the higher-level RL formulation, but it does contain this information. Not as a method for modelling deterministic certainty, but for modelling deterministic uncertainty. Modelling hybrid systems provides the imaginative deterministic foundations for the implementation of heuristics and RL formulations. The mild mathematical expressions in the form of definitions, assumptions, remarks and theorems serve to support the idea of transferable knowledge formulations that start from already inherited knowledge. The emphasis is on the inductive acquisition of process knowledge and the awareness of the epistemic connotation of the learning algorithm to ontics with the clear transformation. Markov Decision Processes (MDP) is a clear mathematical tool and modelling framework that merges the mathematical spaces of process states with our probability spaces and heuristics-based decision making in real time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101599"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative syngas-biodiesel blends: a step towards cleaner and greener engine technology 创新的合成气-生物柴油混合物：迈向更清洁、更环保的发动机技术的一步

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101603

Manikandan Ezhumalai , Mohan Govindasamy , Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy , Deekshant Varshney , Subhav Singh

{"title":"Innovative syngas-biodiesel blends: a step towards cleaner and greener engine technology","authors":"Manikandan Ezhumalai , Mohan Govindasamy , Ratchagaraja Dhairiyasamy , Deekshant Varshney , Subhav Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable and cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels has intensified research on Biodiesel and gaseous fuels for internal combustion engines. However, most existing studies focus on individual biodiesel feedstocks or diesel–syngas combinations, leaving limited understanding of the synergistic effects of blended biodiesels enriched with Syngas. This study aims to evaluate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of Juliflora and Pine Oil Methyl Ester Biodiesel blends integrated with hydrogen-rich Syngas in a dual-fuel compression ignition engine. Experiments were conducted on a Kirloskar SV1 engine at varying loads and syngas flow rates, and performance metrics were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA. Results revealed that the J60 + P40 blend with 20 L/min syngas achieved a brake thermal efficiency of 31.2%, a 12% improvement over neat Biodiesel, while reducing brake-specific fuel consumption by 8% and smoke opacity by 25%. CO and HC emissions decreased by 18% and 22%, respectively, though NO<sub>x</sub> increased marginally by 5% due to elevated combustion temperatures. These findings demonstrate that syngas enrichment enhances combustion efficiency and supports the utilization of cleaner energy. Future research should focus on integrating exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) or catalytic after-treatment to mitigate NO<sub>x</sub> emissions and further optimize Biodiesel–syngas blending ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101603"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximizing profit and sustainability in RoR hydropower: an AI-driven hydrogen decision support model (H2-DSM) RoR水电的利润最大化和可持续性：人工智能驱动的氢决策支持模型（H2-DSM）

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101660

Eduardo Rodríguez Fernández-Arroyo, Alberto Casalderrey Area, Diego Quiñoy Peña

{"title":"Maximizing profit and sustainability in RoR hydropower: an AI-driven hydrogen decision support model (H2-DSM)","authors":"Eduardo Rodríguez Fernández-Arroyo, Alberto Casalderrey Area, Diego Quiñoy Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical challenge of optimizing constrained Run-of-River (RoR) Hydropower Plant (HPP) assets within the volatile net-zero energy transition. The central hypothesis argues that an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Hydrogen Decision Support Model (H<sub>2</sub>-DSM) is an essential catalyst for ensuring the economic and environmental sustainability of Power-to-Hydrogen (P2H) hybridization. The model overcomes RoR operational rigidities—such as flow demodulation and ecological mandates—by deploying a multi-step iterative forecasting loop that functions as a high-fidelity digital twin. By deploying advanced ensemble learning algorithms validated through a rigorous annual loop test, the H<sub>2</sub>-DSM enables real-time techno-economic arbitrage with high predictive fidelity (R<sup>2</sup> > 940 ‰). The simulation identifies a strategic equilibrium of 1,777 annual hours where green hydrogen production surpasses the profitability of direct electricity sales, achieving a Production Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (PLCOH) of 3.86 €/kg. This performance transforms hybridized assets into a “virtual battery,” effectively decoupling physical river flows from economic grid obligations to hedge against market volatility while achieving an optimized reduction of 149,060 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq for a single 450 kW unit, while demonstrating a full decarbonization potential of 672,486.75 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq if the facility is fully utilized. These results provide the quantitative evidence necessary to unlock private capital for decentralized renewable hubs, emphasizing the environmental-economic nexus of Hydropower 4.0.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101660"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel simulation–optimization framework for techno-economic analysis and optimal design of wind energy systems with NPV maximization 基于NPV最大化的风能系统技术经济分析与优化设计的仿真优化框架

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101643

Ahmed Shaban , Nasr Al-Hinai , Suzan Abdelhady

{"title":"A novel simulation–optimization framework for techno-economic analysis and optimal design of wind energy systems with NPV maximization","authors":"Ahmed Shaban , Nasr Al-Hinai , Suzan Abdelhady","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional techno-economic analysis of wind energy projects typically relies on commercially available turbines, often leading to suboptimal performance in low-to-medium wind speed regions. Moreover, wake losses increasingly reduce per-turbine output as wind farm size grows and become denser. This study proposes a modular two-phase simulation–optimization framework that sequentially optimizes wind turbine design and wind farm layout for site-specific, investment-oriented planning. In Phase 1, a nonlinear optimization model determines the NPV-maximizing turbine configuration, including hub height, rotor diameter, and rated power. In Phase 2, techno-economic simulations using the System Advisor Model (SAM) evaluate candidate layouts under wake effects and land-use constraints. Polynomial regression surrogates, constructed within a systematically sampled spacing design space, approximate layout performance and guide a deterministic optimization model, with final layouts revalidated in SAM. The framework is applied to two onshore sites, Fayoum (Egypt) and Duqm (Oman), where the optimized turbine configurations are benchmarked against commercial alternatives using single-turbine SAM simulations. At both locations, the optimized turbine design outperforms all considered commercial machines in NPV. For the Fayoum site, the optimized turbine achieves a 28.9% capacity factor and 4.26 GWh annual energy production, while the optimized 42-turbine layout attains a validated net present value of $14.022 million and reduces wake losses by 34.2% relative to a dense baseline. A Monte Carlo analysis under wind-speed uncertainty supported the robustness of the optimized design. Overall, the framework provides a scalable, data-driven approach for integrated wind energy system design in wind-constrained environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101643"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A thermoelectric generation-cooling system for enhancing heat dissipation: Optimization by Taguchi method with/without Thomson effect 一种增强散热的热电发电冷却系统：带/不带汤姆逊效应的田口法优化

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101617

Wei-Hsin Chen , Wei-Cheng Bai , Ding Luo , Liwen Jin , Alvin B. Culaba , Jo-Shu Chang

{"title":"A thermoelectric generation-cooling system for enhancing heat dissipation: Optimization by Taguchi method with/without Thomson effect","authors":"Wei-Hsin Chen , Wei-Cheng Bai , Ding Luo , Liwen Jin , Alvin B. Culaba , Jo-Shu Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is essential for the performance and reliability of compact energy and electronic systems. This study proposes a self-powered thermoelectric generation-cooling (TEG-TEC) system that integrates a thermoelectric generator (TEG) with a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) to enhance heat dissipation using only available waste heat. The TEG converts part of the temperature difference into electrical power that directly drives the TEC, eliminating the need for external electricity. A Taguchi-based three-dimensional numerical model is employed to optimize four design factors: TEC thermoelectric couples, heat-transfer surface area, element length, and convection coefficient, each at four levels. An L16 orthogonal array requires only 16 simulations to explore the design space. Under the prescribed thermal boundary conditions, the optimized configuration achieves a maximum cooling capacity of 53.91 W, whereas a standalone TEG module delivers only 0.99 W. The internal power-amplification coefficient of performance, defined as COP<sub>P</sub> = <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>TEG</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, reaches 50.38 for the best self-powered loop. In addition, the maximum thermal stress in the TEG module is reduced from 957.46 MPa in the standalone case to 936.69 MPa with the coupled TEG-TEC configuration, improving mechanical reliability. The Thomson effect reduces cooling performance by approximately 45%, underscoring the importance of incorporating Thomson heating into accurate TEG-TEC modeling. The proposed TEG-TEC configuration thus provides a compact, energy-efficient solution for low-load, space-constrained cooling while conceptually bridging waste-heat-driven power generation and active thermoelectric cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101617"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a novel Real-LIFE test protocol on two log wood stoves 在两个原木炉灶上验证一种新的现实生活测试方案

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101578

Claudia Schön , Juho Louhisalmi , Kamil Krpec , Hans Hartmann , Isaline Fraboulet , Benjamin Cea , Jarkko Tissari

{"title":"Validation of a novel Real-LIFE test protocol on two log wood stoves","authors":"Claudia Schön , Juho Louhisalmi , Kamil Krpec , Hans Hartmann , Isaline Fraboulet , Benjamin Cea , Jarkko Tissari","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of log wood stoves is common in residential homes and are tested in a type test procedure following EN 16510-1:2022 at optimal combustion condition. Since this does not represent real-life operation, a novel test protocol was developed and validated using two different log wood stoves. The new test protocol includes the ignition phase (two batches) at natural draught, followed by three batches at nominal load, two batches at partial load and one final batch at overload. Typical emission parameters such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>), organic gaseous carbon (OGC) emissions were recorded as well as TPM emissions in the hot undiluted flue gas. This study shows that it is challenging to get similar emission results for the same stove in different laboratories even when using the same fuel and well-defined test protocol, differences in results are due to measurement uncertainty, differences in appliance operations and not following exactly the defined Real-LIFE test protocol. Coefficients of variation for TPM, CO, OGC and NO<sub>X</sub> were 17.8%, 20.1%, 30.6% and 8.7%, respectively for stoveA and 32.7%, 13.9%, 19.6% and 10.0%, respectively for stoveB based on two to three repetitions per lab. The novel test protocol showed that combustion appliances may behave differently in different combustion phases, and this emphasizes the importance of measuring different combustion conditions in official testing to ensure that the appliances work properly in the field and that the measured emissions cover the whole operating range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101578"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing stand-alone hybrid PV/Diesel Generator system with a focus on reliability, cost, and environmental considerations 优化独立的混合光伏/柴油发电系统，重点是可靠性，成本和环境考虑

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101562

Mohammad Reza Gharib , Amir Mohammadbeigi

{"title":"Optimizing stand-alone hybrid PV/Diesel Generator system with a focus on reliability, cost, and environmental considerations","authors":"Mohammad Reza Gharib , Amir Mohammadbeigi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HRESs have been extensively demonstrated to provide reliable electricity in areas where extending the power grid is not feasible due to geographical constraints. However, it is important to note that these systems are not entirely free of emissions. This study examines an HRES consisting of PV and a DG. This work proposes three scenarios labeled Multi-Objective NPC vs. LPSP and Multi-Objective Emission vs. LPSP. The first scenario investigates NPC and LPSP, while the second scenario evaluates Total CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and LPSP to design a PV/DG power generation system for a remote university in Torbat Heydarieh, Iran. To solve the optimization problem, three well-known multi-objective optimization methods, namely MOHS, MOGWO, and MOPSO, are utilized to identify the appropriate dimensions of the components in a hybrid system. According to the calculations made in the first scenario, the cost of fuel and diesel generators accounts for over 80% of the NPC of the proposed system. By changing the LPSP value from 0 to 10 percent, the NPC is reduced by nearly 30 percent. In the second scenario, the cost of fuel and diesel generators accounts for more than 60% of the NPC of the system. Additionally, by changing the LPSP value from 0 to 10 percent, the Total CO2 Emissions are reduced by nearly 35 percent. A complete sensitivity analysis reveals the influence of interest rates and fuel prices on the NPC. Using MATLAB software, the numerical modeling outcomes obtained from the MOGWO method were compared to similar results generated by the MOHS and MOPSO approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Wind Tree System with IoT based Real-Time Monitoring in Bangladesh 孟加拉国基于物联网实时监测的混合太阳能风树系统设计与性能分析

IF 7.6

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566

Arman Jahan Eva, Al Amin, Md Nasir Uddin, Tamim Ahmed, Abu Anas Nasim, Md Sahadat Hossain Sani, Md Shamsul Arefin

{"title":"Design and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Wind Tree System with IoT based Real-Time Monitoring in Bangladesh","authors":"Arman Jahan Eva, Al Amin, Md Nasir Uddin, Tamim Ahmed, Abu Anas Nasim, Md Sahadat Hossain Sani, Md Shamsul Arefin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global transition toward renewable energy has intensified interest in hybrid energy solutions that combine solar and wind power to enhance sustainability and reliability. Several studies have examined such integrated systems, however, most existing designs remain expensive, visually unsuitable for public spaces, and lack real-time monitoring or optimization capabilities, particularly in developing nations such as Bangladesh. Despite Bangladesh’s favorable solar irradiance and moderate wind potential, rural and urban public areas lack an efficient, decorative, and smart energy infrastructure. To address this gap, we propose a novel IoT-enabled hybrid solar wind energy tree tailored for public and rural settings in Bangladesh. Unlike conventional solutions, our proposed design integrates both energy sources into a visually appealing and self-sustaining structure capable of live monitoring and remote management. The system uses low-cost hardware (Arduino Nano, ESP8266, INA226 sensors) and simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics for structural integrity, HOMER Pro for cost analysis and MATLAB Simulink for performance modeling) using MPPT. A prototype was implemented for economic evaluation under site-specific conditions in Rajbari, Bangladesh (23°40.8′N, 89°31.3′E) demonstrating a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) $0.11/kWh to $0.18/kWh for a single unit, which is approximately 50% lower than a standalone solar system. The community-scale configuration achieved a daily energy generation of up to 165 kWh under optimal conditions with an LCOE of $0.2997/kWh. This integrated solution offers a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pathway to decentralized energy access in developing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101566"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0