Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Progress in water management strategies for dead-ended proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review","authors":"Xuanzhi Zhou ,&nbsp;Biao Xiao ,&nbsp;Shanshan Cai ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective regulation of water content is vital for sustaining the performance and longevity of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operating in dead-ended modes. Performance degradation can result from either flooding due to excessive water accumulation or dehydration caused by insufficient membrane hydration. This review provides the first comprehensive and systematic analysis of water management strategies specifically tailored for dead-ended PEMFCs, integrating water transport mechanisms, dominant failure pathways, and their impacts on key components—including the gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer (CL), proton exchange membrane (PEM), and flow field channels—under both anode- and cathode-dead-ended conditions. A critical evaluation of both active and passive water management techniques is presented, covering approaches such as periodic purging, pressure modulation, flow field optimization, and passive drainage. Furthermore, this work identifies current technological limitations—such as low gas utilization and high reactant loss—and highlights emerging strategies aimed at achieving high-efficiency, zero-emission operation in constrained environments, including underwater and portable applications. By bridging existing knowledge gaps and proposing forward-looking solutions, this review offers theoretical insight and practical guidance for advancing the design of dead-ended PEMFC water management system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101107"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of coal sustainability via hybrid renewable integration: A PVsyst-HOMER Synergistic framework for sustainable energy transitions","authors":"Ahmad Shah Irshad ,&nbsp;Ahmad Bilal Ahmadullah ,&nbsp;Kamaluddin Kamal ,&nbsp;Naqibullah Haidari ,&nbsp;Ahmadullah Qanit ,&nbsp;Javeed Ahmad Osmani ,&nbsp;Said Elias","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing urgency to decarbonize power systems while maintaining grid reliability has made hybrid energy systems an increasingly attractive solution, especially for coal-dependent regions. This study presents a novel hybrid energy optimization framework that integrates photovoltaic (PV), hydropower, and coal-based generation to enable a cost-effective and reliable power supply while facilitating a gradual transition toward low-carbon energy systems. Unlike conventional models that aim for immediate fossil fuel phase-out, this study proposes a pragmatic bridge model that utilizes existing coal infrastructure as dispatchable backup, enhancing grid stability without compromising sustainability goals. The methodology involves technical and economic modelling using HOMER Pro for hybrid system optimization and PVsyst for accurate PV performance analysis. Multiple constraints, including net present cost (NPC), cost of electricity (COE), reserve margin (≥15 %), CO₂ emissions threshold (≤30 % above baseline), and annual unmet load (≤0.5 %) are considered. A detailed sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate system robustness under varying solar irradiance and demand conditions. Results show that the optimized hybrid system (120 MW PV, 111 MW coal, 151 MW hydro) achieves the lowest COE ($0.0547/kWh) and CO₂ emissions (83,115,000 kg/year) with minimal unmet load (0.03 %). Environmental aspects are considered through explicit modelling of CO₂, SO₂, and NO_x emissions, as well as scenario-based carbon taxation. A high system performance ratio of 81.3 % and a capacity factor of 68.8 %, confirming the system’s technical and economic viability. The findings underscore the importance of flexible, region-specific energy strategies and provide a replicable methodology for investors, utilities, and governments seeking to balance energy security, environmental impact, and economic growth on the path toward carbon–neutral power systems. This research offers a versatile and globally applicable approach that can guide researchers in developing hybrid systems tailored to different geographic, climatic, and economic contexts, supporting worldwide efforts in sustainable energy transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101110"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of hydrogen production from food waste – A systematic, content, and bibliometric review","authors":"Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ,&nbsp;Murad Irshied Al-Maaitah ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Flavio Odoi-Yorke ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food waste (FW) presents difficulties for waste management which is a significant worldwide issue. However, there is a growing energy crisis globally, and there is not enough fossil fuel available to support the growing demand. This can however be overcome using environmentally acceptable and sustainable energy such as biohydrogen. This study thus employed a systematic, content-based, and bibliometric review approach to analyze the literature on hydrogen production from FW resources within the last two decades. The study used the bibliometric analysis tools (i.e., Biblioshiny in R and the VOSviewer) to analyze and visualize a total of 2022 pertinent documents on the subject matter obtained from the Scopus database. According to the analyzed data, biohydrogen, a biofuel produced through biological processes, has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but its widespread adoption requires addressing production rate, yield, and process scaling. China turned out to be the nation with the most papers on the subject, totaling 2610. The USA (829), India (501), Italy (471), South Korea (419), Brazil (374), Japan (285), Germany (257), Spain (256), Canada (187), and the UK (187) were the other top-performing nations. The study ended with future research directions that researchers can work on in the future. The findings of this study could guide future research on the conversion of food waste to hydrogen energy based on the research gaps identified in the study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency SiC-based PV generation and power management: a compact MPPT-integrated SAF for grid power quality enhancement","authors":"Mohamad Alaa Eddin Alali ,&nbsp;Tanguy Phulpin ,&nbsp;Adrien Voldoire","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates how technology advances can simultaneously address climate change and electrical perturbations, by designing and setting up an electrical system not only more efficient and economical, but also offers improved control. In this context, this study proposes a compact shunt active filter (SAF) integrated with a photovoltaic generator (PVG), combined with a common control strategy and a novel modeling approach for industrial validation. This structure is based on a voltage source inverter comprised of fast-switching Silicon-Carbide (SiC) components with a small L-series output filter, offering high dynamics, increased reliability, and significantly lower weight and size than conventional SAF and PVG systems. The proposed PVG/SAF-SiC structure, combined with the common control strategy, including an appropriate phase locked loop (PLL), for MPPT and perturbation (harmonic, reactive power, etc.) detections and management works equally well under distorted grid conditions. Additionally, it offers maximum energy generation (MPPT) from the PVG and coordinates with the grid to power nonlinear polluting loads while ensuring high filtering/compensation quality on the grid side, according to the norm standards. The performances of the PVG/SAF-SiC are validated via a new modeling strategy and a real case study based on power quality analyzer measurements. It includes measuring switching losses of real MOSFET-SiC components. PLECS combined with Simulink-Matlab are used to carry out the experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMS for hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles based on improved fuzzy control","authors":"Xinyu Luo,&nbsp;Henry Shu-Hung Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) ensure both environmental cleanliness and an extended driving range. Control strategies based on optimization often achieve superior theoretical performance; however, they impose a high computational burden on entry-level passenger cars, where MCU resources are already prioritized for safety-critical functions like autonomous driving and AEB. Meanwhile, rule-based ones exhibit compromised adaptability and economic performance. Thus, this article focuses on improving the rule-based energy management strategies (EMSs) for the complex hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in the HFCEV. First, the powertrain model is developed, highlighting the selection and matching of key components, including the electric motor, hydrogen fuel cell and Li-ion battery. Subsequently, a Mamdani-type fuzzy control-based EMS improved via Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO) is proposed. Fuzzy control serves as the framework to enhance efficiency performance, while DBO iteratively optimizes the parameters of membership functions. Finally, the proposed EMS is compared with multi-point control, power-tracking control, general fuzzy control and pattern-recognition-based fuzzy control. The results demonstrate that the proposed EMS significantly enhances economic performance under driving conditions featuring high-speed intervals and dynamic acceleration transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development and optimization of a geothermal–biomass hybrid energy system for green hydrogen production","authors":"Amir Afshardoost ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shamsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil fuels remain the primary contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. Transitioning toward renewable energy sources and adopting clean fuels, such as hydrogen, constitute effective strategies for mitigating CO₂ emissions and decreasing global dependence on fossil-based energy systems. In this study, a carbon–neutral hybrid energy system was designed and developed to produce electricity, medium-pressure steam, hot water, and green hydrogen. The designed system utilizes municipal solid waste and geothermal energy as primary energy sources, offering an innovative solution for sustainable energy production. The proposed configuration integrates four principal subsystems: biomass steam gasification, a water electrolysis, a desalination unit, and a combined flash-binary geothermal system coupled with a cascaded organic Rankine cycle. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out, including thermodynamic analysis, sustainability assessment, environmental impact evaluation, and thermo-economic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed parametric study was conducted to assess the effects of key independent operating variables on the overall system performance. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the weighted sum method, aiming to minimize the TUCP and maximize the hydrogen production rate. The optimized system yielded useful outputs, including 230 kg/h of hydrogen, 31,217 kW of net electrical power, 18,488 kg/h of hot water, 1,981 kg/h of MP steam, and oxygen of 1054 kg/h. Thermodynamic analysis revealed an energetic efficiency of 78.57 % and an exergetic efficiency of 65.4 %, accompanied by a sustainability index of 2.89 and a TUCP of $3.70/GJ. The environmental assessment of the developed near-zero-carbon emission process highlighted substantial benefits, including an annual petroleum savings of 66,428 L/year and a reduction in annual CO₂ emissions by 223,260 kg/year. Consequently, this study demonstrates an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly process that effectively addresses energy and environmental challenges while outperforming comparable systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101106"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future scenarios for 100% renewables in Greece, untapped potential of marine renewable energies","authors":"Lefteris Mezilis,&nbsp;George Lavidas","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the potential contribution of marine renewable generators in Greece, in order to achieve a 100% renewable energy system by 2050. Using PyPSA-Eur, a cost-optimization model of the European energy system, possible energy transition pathways are explored, across five-year intervals from 2030 to 2050. For each five-year target, a new cost assumption dataset is used, one that follows estimated cost reduction learning rates. This version of the model is called PyPSA-Eur-MREL, and is modified to include marine power generators, i.e. floating wind, wave, tidal and floating solar, but also high fidelity climate data, in the scale of 5.5 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>km</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> for wind and 4 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>km</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> for wave resources. Three different approaches were employed in this investigation: greenfield, generator constrained, and a high-load scenario inspired by Greece’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). The analysis focused on generator capacity and performance, the levels of utilization and availability of each energy carrier and the land-use impact of onshore and offshore generators. While the first two scenarios exhibit similar overall system capacities, they differ in land-use requirements, with the constrained case installing more bottom-fixed wind turbines (1.2 GW), thereby reducing land occupation. The high-load scenario introduces floating wind turbines (4.5 GW), however, the scale of onshore installations remains substantial, covering nearly one-third of Greece’s total land area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cells: advances in materials development, performance optimization, and future outlook","authors":"Shah Tanvir Alam Rimon ,&nbsp;Monjur Mourshed ,&nbsp;Md. Golam Kibria","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are emerging as a promising energy conversion technology for sustainable power generation, offering high efficiency, low emissions, and adaptability to various applications, including transportation, stationary power systems, and portable electronics. This review critically examines the recent advancements in PEMFC components, including proton exchange membranes, catalyst layers, gas diffusion layers, and bipolar plates, focusing on material innovations, performance enhancements, and durability improvements. The study highlights recent developments in membrane technologies, such as perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, alternative hydrocarbon-based polymers, and composite structures, aimed at enhancing proton conductivity, mechanical stability, and hydration management under varying operational conditions. Furthermore, advancements in catalyst materials, including platinum group metal alloys, non-precious metal catalysts, and atomically dispersed catalysts, are discussed concerning their electrochemical activity, cost-effectiveness, and stability under fuel cell operating conditions. The impact of gas diffusion layer architecture, microporous layer optimization, and novel flow field designs on mass transport characteristics and water management is critically discussed. Additionally, this study examines key challenges, including high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and technical barriers related to water management, membrane durability, and catalyst efficiency. Recent modeling and simulation approaches for optimizing fuel cell performance, including multi-physics simulations and machine-learning-assisted diagnostics, are also examined. Finally, future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for innovative materials, scalable manufacturing techniques, and integrated hydrogen economy strategies to accelerate the global deployment of PEMFC technology to meet net-zero emissions targets by 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101102"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical solution and experimental verification of combustion products of propellant gas fluid containing ionization seeds","authors":"Chunlin Chen ,&nbsp;Baoquan Mao ,&nbsp;Xianghua Bai ,&nbsp;Qijin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The determination of combustion product components of propellant containing ionization seeds has important applications in aerospace, magnetohydrodynamic power generation, artillery barrel life extension and other fields. This work determines the composition of combustion products of solid propellant containing ionization seeds under high pressure. Considering the ionization condition and Debye-Hückel correction, the minimum Gibbs free energy constraint function was constructed, and a fast method to solve the constraint function based on the exterior point penalty function method and conjugate gradient method was proposed. Spectral experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the numerical method. Then, the numerical solution and experimental verification of equilibrium components (including the electron density) of combustion products of the propellant containing Cs ionization seeds in a wide range of temperature (400–4000 K) and pressure (0.1–500 MPa) were completed. The results show that the main components (CO₂, CO, H₂O, H₂, N₂) of the propellant combustion products changed at low temperature (<em>T</em> &lt; 1500 K), whereas the minor components (CH₄, OH, H) changed at high temperature (<em>T</em> &gt; 1500 K). When the pressure was low (<em>P</em> &lt; 10 MPa), the pressure affected the components. When the pressure was higher, the influence of pressure on the components gradually weakened. The electron density of combustion products exponentially increased with the increase in temperature and gradually decreased with the increases in pressure and ionization seed content. This method enhances the speed and accuracy of determining combustion product components under ionization conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic literature review of the logistics planning for sustainable bioenergy based on Forestry, Agricultural, and municipal solid waste value chains","authors":"Seyyedeh Rozita Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Mikael Rönnqvist ,&nbsp;Mustapha Ouhimmou ,&nbsp;Paul Stuart","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable bioenergy production is essential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The logistics of managing dispersed and low-value biomass from forestry, agricultural, and municipal solid waste value chains pose significant challenges, including high transportation costs, seasonal availability, and storage limitations. This systematic literature review examines the critical operations, including collection, transportation, and preprocessing, necessary to optimize bioenergy supply chains. A central contribution of this paper is an analysis of integrating biomass value chains through collaborative models that leverage shared infrastructure and adaptive logistics to enhance cost efficiency and resource utilization. It also identifies critical gaps in optimization models, particularly the lack of comprehensive multi-biomass value chain integration frameworks and limited consideration of uncertainties in logistics planning. The analysis highlights that while mixed integer linear programming models dominate, they often overlook cross-chain synergies and logistics. By examining 112 articles, we show that integrating forestry, agricultural, and municipal solid waste value chains through shared infrastructure and collaborative planning can significantly reduce transportation costs, enhance supply stability, and improve resource utilization in bioenergy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101105"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}