Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献_第3页

Energy, exergy, and economic analysis of indirect solar dryer integrated phase change material cans

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100986

Mohammed Alktranee , Qudama Al-Yasiri , Karrar Saeed Mohammed , Müslüm Arıcı , Márta Szabó , Péter Bencs

{"title":"Energy, exergy, and economic analysis of indirect solar dryer integrated phase change material cans","authors":"Mohammed Alktranee , Qudama Al-Yasiri , Karrar Saeed Mohammed , Müslüm Arıcı , Márta Szabó , Péter Bencs","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of solar dryers fluctuates as the solar radiation declines, influencing the removed water content from products. Therefore, continuous heat delivery with a stable temperature range for a longer time using energy storage materials is an efficient way to enhance the drying process from energy and exergy prospects. To this aim, a solar dryer integrated with phase change material (PCM) was designed and examined in harsh weather conditions. The solar dryer performance with 1 and 2 kg of PCM (equipped in 6 and 12 cans, respectively) was analyzed against an identical reference dryer assessing numerous energy, exergy, and economic parameters. Research outcomes revealed that PCM cans have sustained the drying process, stabilized drying temperature and functioned as an extra heat source during the daytime. Furthermore, the modified solar dryer achieved an average moisture content removal of 86.5 % and 89.7 % by employing 6 and 12 PCM cans, compared to 82.5 % in the reference dryer. Energy analysis displayed that the useful heat gain was maximized by up to 3.9 % and 9.5 % integrating 6 and 12 PCM cans, respectively. Moreover, the thermal efficiency achieved by the modified dryers was about 2.5 % and 6.8 %, respectively. Exergy analysis indicated remarkable exergy gain, exergy efficiency, and sustainability index for the solar dryer modified with 12 PCM cans, achieving a maximum of 593 W, 20 %, and 46 %. Economic analysis exhibited that the solar dryer energy payback period with 6 and 12 PCM cans was shorter than that of the reference dryer by 33.7 % and 35.1 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme wave analysis for marine renewable energies in Ireland

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100972

Nahia Martinez-Iturricastillo , Meábh Nic Guidhir , Alain Ulazia , John V. Ringwood

{"title":"Extreme wave analysis for marine renewable energies in Ireland","authors":"Nahia Martinez-Iturricastillo , Meábh Nic Guidhir , Alain Ulazia , John V. Ringwood","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characterization of extreme wave climates and future projection analyses are essential for offshore renewable energy planning and coastal protection. This study examines the maximum individual wave height (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) around Ireland, using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1991 to 2020, validated against <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> observations from Irish moored buoys. Extreme wave climate regions are defined, employing a model-based clustering technique, which relies on the wave height distribution of each area. The probability of rogue waves – defined as waves where the maximum wave height is at least twice the significant wave height – is assessed for each region. The results suggest that, while extreme waves are more likely to occur far offshore on the west coast of Ireland, the likelihood of rogue waves is higher on the east coast and closer to shore. The Gumbel distribution is employed to estimate the 50-year return period <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> values; these projections are compared to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s threshold of 30 m, representing the maximum 50-year return period wave height offshore wind turbines must withstand. This threshold is exceeded in areas far offshore from Ireland’s west coast, particularly near the M6 buoy location. Additional analyses of thresholds, at 29 and 28 m, suggest a broader area may be impacted by these high waves. The findings provide valuable insights into the spatial variability of extreme wave events, informing risk assessments for offshore renewable energy developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence-driven optimization of V2G and charging point selection en-route: A systematic literature review

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100978

Christoph Sommer, M.J. Hossain

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-driven optimization of V2G and charging point selection en-route: A systematic literature review","authors":"Christoph Sommer, M.J. Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The common implementation of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates effective integration strategies to ensure their seamless interaction with the electrical grid while meeting private EV customer preferences and enhancing grid stability. This review aims to enhance comprehension of both industrial and academic applications of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, with a specific emphasis on maximizing profits for private EV owners seeking to engage with this technology. Additionally, it provides an overview of prevalent machine learning (ML) algorithms suitable for addressing V2G-related challenges, along with discussions on predicting EV owners’ charging behavoir and challenges associated with Electric Vehicle Routing Problems (EVRP). Notably, this review highlights the distinctive requirements and characteristics of the Australian consumer base and grid infrastructure. It underscores a notable gap in understanding how private customers utilizing V2G-capable EVs can maximize benefits, particularly given Australia’s significant share of photovoltaic (PV) energy generation and its unique EVRP layout necessitating longer travel distances between major urban centres. Further investigation is warranted into the impact of high PV generation shares on charging behavoir and the optimization of charging strategies within the Australian context. For the industry, the primary advantage of this paper lies in its examination of existing profit maximization models and the consequent heightened interest from customers in this technology plus the strategic placement of charging stations. For academic researchers, this paper demonstrates that the prediction of charging behavoir can be effectively tackled through the appropriate selection of ML-algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing solar still productivity with organic phase change materials: A literature review

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100984

Akashdeep Negi , Lalit Ranakoti , Rajesh P. Verma , Vineet Kumar , Prabhakar Bhandari , Rohit Khargotra , Tej Singh

{"title":"Enhancing solar still productivity with organic phase change materials: A literature review","authors":"Akashdeep Negi , Lalit Ranakoti , Rajesh P. Verma , Vineet Kumar , Prabhakar Bhandari , Rohit Khargotra , Tej Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar still systems often include organic phase change materials (PCMs) because of their remarkable thermophysical characteristics. Numerous innovative PCMs have been developed and subsequently incorporated into solar still applications, resulting in improved distillate yields in these systems. This enhancement has been extensively analyzed and discussed. An enhancement of 143.78% in distillate yield was reported for the active solar still that utilized lauric acid. On the other hand, the passive solar still saw an increase in distillate production of 124.74% when using soy wax and 109.3% when using beeswax. The selection of PCM necessitates meticulous evaluation, considering aspects like cost, compatibility with the container, and its environmental implications, all of which have been comprehensively examined. The analysis centers on solar distillation systems, exploring a range of modifications and their incorporation with various PCMs. In light of the findings, it is prudent to consider modifications to the solar still and the meticulous selection of appropriate PCM for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical review of technical case studies for electricity theft detection in smart grids: A new paradigm based transformative approach

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100965

Muhammad Sajid Iqbal , Shoaib Munawar , Muhammad Adnan , Ali Raza , Muhammad Ali Akbar , Amine Bermak

{"title":"A critical review of technical case studies for electricity theft detection in smart grids: A new paradigm based transformative approach","authors":"Muhammad Sajid Iqbal , Shoaib Munawar , Muhammad Adnan , Ali Raza , Muhammad Ali Akbar , Amine Bermak","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electricity theft detection (ETD) is a vital global concern that affects utility providers (UPs), and non-technical losses (NTLs) are a major issue. While smart metering has helped to reduce conventional technical losses (TLs), NTLs caused by theft are still difficult to identify and have serious effects. Consumers frequently underreport their power consumption, which complicates detection attempts. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various ETD approaches, categorizing them into five areas: (i) Theft Detection with synthetic data, (ii) sequential data-based schemes, (iii) non-sequential data analysis, (iv) neighborhood area-based networks (NANs), and (v) IoT and hardware-based solutions. Each area is presented using case examples that have been statistically, mathematically, and visually analyzed. The article also includes a summary table of known problems and possible solutions, making it a useful resource for academics and developers. A comparison analysis utilizing F1 scores is presented to assess the efficacy of different detection strategies. This is the first review of its type to convert technical articles into real-world case studies, offering useful insights for selecting the best theft detection technologies in smart grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yarn-electrospun PVDF-HFP/CNC smart textiles for self-powered sensor in wearable electronics

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100982

Jiawei Chen , Subhamoy Mahajan , Manisha Gupta , Cagri Ayranci , Tian Tang

{"title":"Yarn-electrospun PVDF-HFP/CNC smart textiles for self-powered sensor in wearable electronics","authors":"Jiawei Chen , Subhamoy Mahajan , Manisha Gupta , Cagri Ayranci , Tian Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of portable or wearable electronics has promoted research into flexible power sources that can be integrated seamlessly into devices. Wearable electronics, such as fitness tracking device, smart clothing, and medical sensors, require power sources that not only generate energy but also adapt to dynamic environments. To address such demand, we produced a self-powered device composed of electrospun PVDF-HFP/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite yarns, which serve both as a flexible power source converting mechanical energy to electrical output and as a sensor providing real-time motion monitoring. As an example of its application, the self-powered device was integrated with touchscreen gloves to explore its functionality. Our results showed that CNC promoted <em>β</em> phase formation in PVDF-HFP, improving its piezoelectric and mechanical properties. The maximum voltage output obtained from the PVDF-HFP/CNC self-powered device was 21.2 V under compressive loads of 20 N at 0.5 Hz. The touchscreen glove integrated with the device offered good sensing performance to detect finger motions, such as single- and double-click or dragging even under sub-zero temperatures. The success of developing such sensor-integrated touchscreen gloves paves new avenues for human-technology interactions, highlights the dual functionality of these yarns as power sources and sensors, and represents a milestone in broadening the applications of wearable technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing the impact of battery technical performance and driving conditions on the overall economic feasibility of a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system implemented in the Japan electric power exchange (JEPX) market

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100980

Muhammad Arsalan , Jacob Etoju , Zifei Nie , Hooman Farzaneh

{"title":"Analyzing the impact of battery technical performance and driving conditions on the overall economic feasibility of a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system implemented in the Japan electric power exchange (JEPX) market","authors":"Muhammad Arsalan , Jacob Etoju , Zifei Nie , Hooman Farzaneh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology enables electric vehicles to communicate with the power grid during peak times, enhancing grid stability and efficiency, lowering carbon emissions, and providing economic benefits to Electric Vehicle (EV) owners through energy trading. This research focuses on the techno-economic feasibility of V2G systems by developing an integrated simulation model and experimental validation framework which not only evaluates the impact of battery energy management and charging infrastructure on V2G system performance but also a detailed economic analysis of V2G applications assessing the financial benefits gained from trading the V2G system with the grid during peak periods, using real-time electricity tariffs and demand data obtained from the Japan Electric Power Exchange (JEPX) market. Since the profitability of the V2G program is closely linked to an EV’s fuel efficiency under specific driving conditions, this study introduces a novel approach by analyzing the impact of driving strategies and varying traffic conditions. Using a Human-in-the-Loop (HiL) driving simulator, three distinct driving cycles, namely, suburban, urban, and highway, are examined to assess their influence on V2G performance. The results reveal that V2G participation is a function of the selected drive cycle, household electricity demand, and energy tariff of the utility market, and an EV user can earn a total savings of 352,212 yen under coordinated V2G participation (Optimal scenario) compared to 344,508 yen under un-coordinated V2G participation (Base scenario) over the six-year lifespan of typical EV battery including residential energy savings during peak hours and off-peak hours respectively with (3 Sub-Urban, 2 Urban, and 2 Highway drive cycles a week) in total 297 working days/year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of charging time in a shell-and-tube latent heat storage system using innovative inner-tube motion profiles: A numerical study

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100981

Hamid-Reza Bahrami, Mahziyar Ghaedi

{"title":"Enhancement of charging time in a shell-and-tube latent heat storage system using innovative inner-tube motion profiles: A numerical study","authors":"Hamid-Reza Bahrami, Mahziyar Ghaedi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the enhancement of charging efficiency in a PCM-based thermal storage system by introducing innovative motion profiles for the inner cylinder within a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Ten motion scenarios, including oscillatory and constant velocity profiles, are numerically analyzed to improve heat transfer and reduce melting time. The results demonstrate that targeted motion profiles, particularly those focusing on the lower region of the domain where free convection is weak, significantly enhance charging efficiency. Among the oscillatory profiles, Profile A (inner cylinder oscillation in the lower half of the casing) achieves a 32 % reduction in melting time, while Profile J (leftward motion followed by counterclockwise rotation) achieves the highest improvement of 61%. The study highlights the importance of optimizing inner tube movement to target inactive regions, leading to more efficient heat transfer and faster charging. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of next-generation thermal energy storage systems, with potential applications in solar energy storage and thermal management of heat-intensive systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on anode inlet pressure control strategy of PEMFC through hardware-in-the-loop test

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100983

Jing Zhang , Zhongkao Tan , Chengzhi Fan , Jingying Tan , Guoan Luo , Weiye Lu , Zhiqiang Liang , Cong Xu , Yixuan He , Xiaodong Wang , Zhongmin Wan

{"title":"Research on anode inlet pressure control strategy of PEMFC through hardware-in-the-loop test","authors":"Jing Zhang , Zhongkao Tan , Chengzhi Fan , Jingying Tan , Guoan Luo , Weiye Lu , Zhiqiang Liang , Cong Xu , Yixuan He , Xiaodong Wang , Zhongmin Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable pressure control can improve the efficiency and lifespan of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. The anode inlet pressure of the hydrogen supply system in PEMFC is easily affected by changes in current load and purge disturbances. In response to these issues, a second-order nonlinear active disturbance rejection control (NLADRC) method applicable to the system is proposed. Firstly, a dynamic model of the hydrogen supply system based on an 80 kW PEMFC is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Subsequently, a NLADRC for the hydrogen supply system is designed and compared with the traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) control. Finally, the effect of NLADRC on the fuel-control union (FCU) is verified through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test. The simulation results show that, compared with PID control, the anode inlet pressure of the hydrogen supply system based on the NLDARC has less overshoot, a faster response speed, stronger anti-interference ability and a good following effect. Through the HIL test, it is verified that the NLADRC algorithm is also applicable to the FCU. The model and control method proposed in this paper can be used to optimize the control of the hydrogen supply system and improve the dynamic performance of PEMFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of partially premixed combustion in a DISI natural gas engine: Performance, Combustion behaviour, and Crevice hydrocarbons

IF 7.1

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100969

Jeffrey C. Galbraith, James S. Wallace

{"title":"Experimental investigation of partially premixed combustion in a DISI natural gas engine: Performance, Combustion behaviour, and Crevice hydrocarbons","authors":"Jeffrey C. Galbraith, James S. Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of partially premixed combustion (PPC) can overcome current limitations of natural gas (NG) fuelled engines. Experimental results are presented for NG PPC in a spark ignited single cylinder research engine. Injection timing of directly injected NG was varied from the beginning of the compression stroke to just before top dead centre (BTDC). Decreasing time available for mixing before ignition resulted in increasingly stratified mixtures as injection approached TDC. The study’s goals were: To explore the stable operating range for a flat plane NG injector and for a cone pattern injector with a 100 degree included angle, to demonstrate the impact of injection timing on piston top land crevice emissions for the two injector nozzles through analysis of cycle-by-cycle exhaust port hydrocarbon (HC) measurements, and to highlight the effect of NG injection timing on fuel supply pressure requirements. Injected fuel residence time between the end of injection and ignition had a critical influence on combustion behaviour for both nozzles. The cone nozzle confined fuel to the piston bowl at earlier injection timings, reducing crevice penetration and expanding the feasible operating range. Optimal operation was achieved with the cone nozzle at 33–34 crank angle degrees (CAD) residence time, corresponding to 66 and 73 CAD BTDC injection timings for 34 and 69 kPa gauge intake pressures respectively. At the optimal operating point, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) increased 21.0 and 39.5% and HC from crevice outgassing decreased by 76.4 and 60.9% for the two intake pressures respectively relative to premixed operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0