Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Environmental arbitrage with battery storage: Reducing emissions from electricity generation","authors":"Ángel Arcos-Vargas,&nbsp;David Canca,&nbsp;Fernando Núñez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the power industry has significantly reduced its emissions in recent years, society’s environmental concerns continue. Likewise, the technological and economic progress experienced and expected in energy storage systems has allowed them to be incorporated as one more tool for electricity system operations. This work develops a model that, using utility-scale energy batteries, intends to carry out an environmental arbitrage in the wholesale electricity market consisting of buying energy in those hours in which the marginal technology is non-polluting and selling it in those hours with highly polluting marginal technologies. To solve this social arbitrage problem, a mixed-integer linear programming model has been proposed. Since the problem depends on the ratio between battery and inverter sizes, without losing generality, the model is solved for a battery of 10MWh by parametrically fixing the inverter size from 1 to 8 MW, considering the battery degradation due to charge/discharge cycles and a planning horizon of 25 years. For each inverter, the optimization model provides the optimal strategy to avoid emissions. Finally, the net present value of each investment alternative is calculated by including in the positive cash-flow of each year the implicit value that society obtains from each ton of CO₂ emissions avoided in that year. Our results suggest that this type of investment is socially desirable, given the current prices of emission allowances. The rate of 10 MWh/6 MW offers the most promising results in environmental temrs. Purely economic arbitrage destroys net value, with the 2 MW inverter destroying the least value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-carbon heating solutions using road thermal collectors and seasonal energy storage in mediterranean climates","authors":"Stefania Guarino,&nbsp;Alessandro Buscemi,&nbsp;Marina Bonomolo,&nbsp;Marco Beccali,&nbsp;Valerio Lo Brano","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The building sector accounts for 40% of final energy consumption and 36% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, positioning it as a critical target for decarbonisation under the European Green Deal. Road Thermal Collectors (RTCs), a type of heat-harvesting system, utilize urban surfaces like roads to capture solar energy for thermal applications. When combined with Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) and water-to-water heat pumps, RTCs provide a multifunctional, low-carbon heating solution while also mitigating urban heat island effects. This study investigates an RTC-BTES hybrid heating system in a school building in southern Italy, where t––he Mediterranean climate poses unique challenges and opportunities for seasonal thermal energy storage. The system’s performance is assessed through dynamic simulations using TRNSYS software, with RTC models validated against experimental data from the University of Palermo. A typical school with an annual heating demand of 166 MWh was analysed, comparing the performance of the proposed integrated heating system with one using conventional gas boilers. The results demonstrate that the integrated system significantly reduces primary energy consumption and CO₂ emissions, offering a scalable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based heating, advancing low-carbon solutions for non-residential buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101167"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of oxide/metal redox pairs as intermediate solid materials for solar hydrogen production and storage","authors":"Matilde Bastide d’Izard,&nbsp;Stéphane Abanades","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of metal hydrogen carriers from solar thermochemical reduction of metal oxides using various gaseous or solid reductants (H₂, CO, CH₄, C or biomass feedstock) is investigated. The produced metals can then be steam oxidized to produce green H₂ on-demand and further used as long-term hydrogen storage solid media. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis was carried out to investigate the reaction equilibrium for each reductant, followed by an equilibrium analysis of the system composition to identify the most stable metallic compounds and existing phases. The study also determined the favorable process conditions for the metal synthesis and hydrogen release steps, in order to unravel the most attractive metallic systems for this application. Four oxide groups were identified based on their redox behavior. For NiO, Co₃O₄, and CuO systems, the reduction with both H₂ and carbon-based reductants is favorable, although steam oxidation of Ni, Co, Cu is unfeasible. For other groups, the steam oxidation of metals is always feasible and complete at low temperatures. The (Fe₂O₃, SnO₂, GeO₂, CeO₂) and (ZnO, MgO, Ga₂O₃, CaO, SrO) systems involve favorable carboreduction, whereas the reduction extent with stoichiometric H₂ remains limited (except ZnO). The third group (MoO₃, WO₃, Cr₂O₃, Al₂O₃) first yields carbides during reduction with a carbon-based agent, followed by formation of metals when increasing temperature, whereas the last group (Mn₂O₃, V₂O₅, TiO₂, SiO₂) only forms carbides. Reduction yields can be improved for these oxides while decreasing the temperature by adding excess reductants or lowering the pressure. These pyrometallurgical cycling processes pave the way toward on-demand clean hydrogen production and storage from renewable or bio-sourced reducers combined with concentrated solar energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A LSTM-driven stochastic optimization framework for virtual power plant demand response: integration of multi-tier interruptible and shiftable industrial loads","authors":"Weigang Jin ,&nbsp;Peihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual power plant optimization faces increasing challenges in managing heterogeneous industrial loads due to diverse operational constraints and demand uncertainty.</div><div>This paper introduces a novel demand response framework that seamlessly integrates both interruptible and shiftable industrial loads, enhanced by an innovative LSTM-based forecasting model. The proposed model exhibits robust predictive performance across diverse load patterns, effectively adapting to dynamic load variations throughout the operational period.</div><div>Implementation results demonstrate that the framework successfully reduces peak loads by 15% through coordinated deployment of aluminum plants’ three-tier interruptible loads (10%, 8%, 5%) and cement factories’ dynamic load shifting (12% capacity). The enhanced scenario generation scheme synthesizes 200 initial scenarios into five representative trajectories through Kantorovich distance-based scenario reduction method, with each representative scenario assigned specific probability weights. Economic analysis reveals systematic cost optimization where power procurement accounts for 85% of total costs, with interruption compensation at 10% and transfer costs at 5%. These results validate the framework’s effectiveness in coordinating heterogeneous industrial loads within virtual power plant operations, while maintaining operational stability and production constraints, providing significant implications for large-scale industrial demand response implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101144"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SmartPV-AIoT: an AIoT-integrated framework for fault diagnosis and remote monitoring in photovoltaic systems","authors":"Ehtisham Lodhi ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liu ,&nbsp;Gang Xiong ,&nbsp;M. Adil Khan ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Lodhi ,&nbsp;Tahir Nawaz ,&nbsp;Adil Dilawar ,&nbsp;Sasu Tarkoma ,&nbsp;Feiyue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents SmartPV-AIoT, a cost-effective and edge-computing-based framework for real-time fault detection and environmental monitoring in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Addressing the challenges faced in remote or intermittently connected environments, the proposed system integrates electrical and environmental sensor data using a Raspberry Pi 4 and NodeMCU microcontroller. A lightweight Res-BiLSTM model, combining residual learning and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layers, is deployed at the edge to perform local fault classification by analyzing seven key parameters derived from I to V curve measurements and ambient conditions. Additionally, the framework employs multi-sensor data fusion by integrating voltage, current, irradiance, and temperature measurements to support comprehensive fault detection and predictive maintenance. The framework was validated on a 4.56  kW PV installation using a dataset of 2400 labeled samples representing normal operation, open-circuit, short-circuit, and partial shading conditions. The classifier achieved a fault detection accuracy of 96.67 %, with a maximum inference latency of 290  ms and low power overhead, making it suitable for real-time, on-site diagnostics. The system supports offline operation with automatic data synchronization upon connectivity restoration and includes mobile-based monitoring for remote accessibility. The proposed framework is designed for modular deployment and scales linearly with array size. Overall, SmartPV-AIoT offers a scalable, resilient, and practical solution for intelligent PV monitoring, particularly in resource-constrained or off-grid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101117"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new active cell equalizer for series connected Lithium-ion battery pack in electric vehicle application for fast equalization","authors":"Neha Khan ,&nbsp;Chia Ai Ooi ,&nbsp;Shreasth ,&nbsp;Mohd Khairunaz Mat Desa ,&nbsp;Mohamad Khairi Ishak ,&nbsp;Khalid Ammar","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Battery management system (BMS) is crucial for improving the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery performance and ensuring its safety in Electric vehicles (EVs). Consequently, a BMS is necessary for efficient cell balancing and monitoring. Without cell balancing<strong>,</strong> the available capacity of a Li-ion battery pack is reduced due to inconsistencies in the voltage and State-of-charge (SoC) of individual Li-ion cells connected in a series string. An effective cell balancing scheme not only enhances the pack capacity but also ensures the safety, reliability, and extended operational life of the battery pack. This paper proposes a new active cell balancing equalizer for Li-ion cells connected in series to increase the speed of charge redistribution among cells in the battery pack. Moreover, in this study, a simulation model is created in MATLAB/Simulink platform to compare the conventional Cell-to-pack-to-cell (CTPTC) equalizer and the proposed equalizer containing 96s1p cells in the battery pack. Using the proposed equalizer, the balancing time is decreased by 55% and 39.5% during charging and discharging modes respectively. Finally, a hardware implementation of a 24Li-ion battery cell is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed equalizer during discharging mode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of wind speed and solar irradiation on the cost of medium-sized off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems under challenging weather conditions","authors":"MohammadReza Akhtari,&nbsp;Oskar Karlström","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the role of wind speed and solar irradiation on the cost of medium-sized energy systems under weather conditions characterised by long winters and summers with extended sunlight hours. The study models and optimises different configurations of off-grid hybrid energy systems for 100 persons for conditions of 20 different cities, using hourly input data of solar irradiation, ambient temperature, and wind speed. In total, more than 500,000 data points are used in the multi-variable optimisation. In these cities, the average (throughout the year) wind speed varies between 2.32 and 7.23 m/s, and the solar irradiation varies from 1.94 to 3.61 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span>. The winters for the investigated cities are long (several months), with solar irradiation less than 0.5 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span>. The optimised systems consist of small-scale wind energy, solar energy, batteries, and biodiesel generators as backup energy. For the optimised systems with wind energy, the results show that the levelized costs range between 0.16 and 0.48 <span><math><mrow><mi>$</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>. For the optimised systems without wind energy, the cost ranges from 0.44 to 0.63 <span><math><mrow><mi>$</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></math></span>. These results give new insight into when additional energy sources may be needed in medium-sized energy systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows that even small-scale off-grid systems without wind energy may soon be a viable option for reaching competitive energy prices with existing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen production model: a computational approach to optimize cost reduction strategies, environmental impact, and financial viability","authors":"Fairuz Wasima,&nbsp;Md. Sanowar Hossain,&nbsp;Abdullah Mohammad Tousiful Hoque Chy,&nbsp;Monjur Mourshed,&nbsp;Md. Golam Kibria","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental evaluation of hydrogen production from organic waste feedstocks in Bangladesh, utilizing an integrated approach through advanced modelling tools. The research combines H2A (Hydrogen Production Cost Analysis), HDSAM (Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model), and H2FAST (Hydrogen Financial Assessment Tool) to assess the feasibility of large-scale hydrogen production, distribution, and storage. H2A is employed to analyze hydrogen production costs, considering various feedstocks and production methods, while HDSAM evaluates the delivery pathways and logistics of liquid and gaseous hydrogen. H2FAST is used to perform detailed financial modelling, focusing on investment risks, profitability, and financial metrics of hydrogen projects. This integrated methodology provides a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogen value chain, addressing key factors such as production costs, logistics, and financial feasibility. Main results of the study indicate that hydrogen production costs can range from $2.16/kg to $2.18/kg depending on feedstock efficiency and plant utilization. Financial assessments show that larger-scale hydrogen stations (4,000 kg/day) benefit from economies of scale, with hydrogen costs dropping to approximately $8.51/kg, compared to $12.75/kg for smaller stations (400 kg/day). The study concludes incorporates region-specific data for Bangladesh, addressing local challenges such as infrastructure limitations, financial constraints, and energy demands, offering a tailored analysis that can inform future hydrogen projects in Bangladesh and similar developing economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using life cycle assessment to design emerging electricity generation technologies","authors":"Amir Sharafi ,&nbsp;Samuel Markolf ,&nbsp;Colleen Naughton ,&nbsp;Marie-Odile P. Fortier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel energy technologies, especially decentralized electricity generation systems, are increasingly being designed and implemented. However, potential environmental impacts are frequently recognized after installing new energy systems at full scale, at which point modification comes at a high cost. Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used throughout the design-to-commercialization process to prevent this outcome, despite the challenges of emerging energy technology LCAs, like comparability, lack of data, scale-up difficulties, and uncertainties that are not typically faced while evaluating existing and established systems. The complexity and urgency of evaluating climate change impacts of novel energy technologies during the research and development stage reveal the need for guidance, presented in this study, with an emphasis on data collection, data processing, and uncertainty analysis. We outline best practices in choosing among several methods that have been employed in LCA studies to fill gaps in input data, including machine learning. Additionally, we discuss how design can be guided by LCA through assessment setting and delineation of scenarios or case studies, in order to prevent unnecessary effort and maximize the amount of useful, interpretable results. We also discuss the utility of complementary analyses, including global sensitivity analysis, neural network, Monte Carlo analysis that differentiates between uncertainty and variability parameters, and optimization. This guidance has the potential to make emerging electricity generation system implementation ultimately effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, through the methodological use of LCA in the design process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101122"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing the conceptual scheme of a pilot-industrial plant for desalination of coal, oil and gas-fields produced water by gas hydrate method","authors":"Mykhailo Pedchenko ,&nbsp;Ivan Zezekalo ,&nbsp;Larysa Pedchenko ,&nbsp;Dmytro Yelatontsev ,&nbsp;Anatolii Mukhachev ,&nbsp;Volodymyr Shevchenko ,&nbsp;Ihor Luts","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing scarcity of fresh water on the planet is driving intensified research to improve desalination technologies for unlimited seawater and underground reservoir water resources. In addition, the process of extracting hydrocarbon minerals is accompanied by the forced extraction of associated reservoir waters. For the most part, these waters have a high level of mineralization. However, based on the capabilities of existing technologies, the effective desalination of such water is technically impossible or economically unfeasible. In contrast, the promising desalination technology based on gas hydrates is not burdened by these drawbacks. However, for widespread implementation, improvements and adaptations of technological operations to industrial application conditions are required. Based on the results of this study, a conceptual scheme for a plant for the desalination of produced water from coal, oil, and gas fields is proposed. The proposed scheme is unique because it uses a free-jet apparatus as the main element of the reactor unit. The advantages of jet technology ensure the efficient implementation of the following operations: mixing of the reactor contents, gas injection into the liquid, removal of heat of hydrate formation from the reaction zone, feeding the process with water, and removal of the produced gas hydrate from the reactor to the separation unit. In addition, to simplify the design of the equipment and increase its reliability, it is proposed to implement the process under thermobaric conditions close to equilibrium at a gas hydrate concentration in the mixture that does not exceed 15 wt%. % to prevent complications associated with the solid phase of the gas hydrate. The possibility of a one-stage gas hydrate desalination process without additional washing of the gas hydrate mass and a 79.4 % reduction in the level of water mineralization, on average, was demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}