Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"The detrimental impact of biofilm on ship fuel consumption and CO2 emissions","authors":"Nastia Degiuli ,&nbsp;Ivana Martić ,&nbsp;Carlo Giorgio Grlj ,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilm presents a significant challenge in the maritime transport industry by increasing surface roughness, leading to higher fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study employs a comprehensive lifecycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of biofouling, integrating operational, maintenance, and fuel production phases. The analysis incorporates condition-specific Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) values and numerical simulations based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. Two representative ship types, a Very Large Crude Carrier (KVLCC2) and a Handymax Bulk Carrier (BC), are analyzed under eight fouling conditions to quantify their impacts on hydrodynamic performance, fuel oil consumption, and CO₂ emissions. The results reveal that operational emissions dominate total lifecycle Global Warming Potential (GWP), with significant variations across fouling conditions. Maintenance emissions, although minor, play a critical role in mitigating resistance induced by biofouling. Fuel production emissions further contribute to lifecycle impacts. The LCA framework enables a holistic understanding of emissions trade-offs between hull cleaning and operational fouling, offering a data-driven basis for evaluating long-term environmental benefits. This study highlights the critical importance of biofouling management strategies, such as hull cleaning and antifouling coatings, to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce lifecycle GWP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101296"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technoeconomic and advanced exergy analysis of a molten-salt-driven Kalina cycle under full-load and part-load conditions: A machine learning-based multi-objective optimization","authors":"Mohammadreza Babaei Khuyinrud ,&nbsp;Mohsen Fallah ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Seyed Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Mir Biuok Ehghaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and fossil fuel depletion highlight the need for efficient renewable-based power generation. This study analyzes a molten-salt-driven Kalina cycle using integrated technoeconomic, conventional, and advanced exergy methods under both full-load and part-load conditions. In the baseline full-load case, the system achieves energy and exergy efficiencies of 30.2 % and 36.72 %, with an annual income of 17.34 M$, net present value of 52.03 M$, and a payback period of 7.70 years. Across part-load conditions of 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, and 0.5, the PBP progressively increases to 7.83, 8.10, 8.49, 8.99, and 9.99 years, respectively, indicating reduced economic attractiveness at lower loads. Conventional exergy analysis indicates that the TES heat exchanger has the highest exergy destruction rate, whereas advanced exergy analysis identifies the turbine as the primary optimization target, with most of its exergy destruction being avoidable and endogenous. The TES heat exchanger ranks second in all scenarios except under full-load operation, where condenser 1 dominates. A machine learning-based multi-objective optimization framework is applied to enhance system performance. At full load, optimization improves energy and exergy efficiencies by 21.6 % and 18.3 %, respectively, while reducing total exergy destruction by 20.4 %. From an economic perspective, the payback period decreases to 6.36 years, while annual income and net present value increase by 1.27 % and 20.5 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of solar panel installation structure to increase received radiation in Iran: An approach based on reducing structural diversity","authors":"Amirhossein Fathi ,&nbsp;Shayesteh Ebrahimi Zaker ,&nbsp;Marziyeh Razeghi ,&nbsp;Hossein Yousefi ,&nbsp;Mahmood Abdoos ,&nbsp;Milad Amirizanjirani","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a framework to determine a finite number of affordable support structures around the world. A fundamental goal is to limit the number of structures, which limits the number of structures that have to be manufactured, which helps reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from a photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant. The framework has three main modules; the first module estimates the optimal tilt angle, the solar irradiance on the surface of the panel, and the spacing between rows of panels at the optimal tilt angle. The second module computes the maximum number of support structures needed by discretizing the tilt angle. The third module estimates the effect on solar irradiance received and the spacing between panel rows, using a limited number of optimized structures. By comparing the results obtained from the first module and the third module for a given geographic site, we can determine if a site-specific structure is required or one of the generic structures in the third module can be used. The framework that we developed utilized a wide geographic range − Iran − where we studied over 600 cities. According to the first module, the ideal tilt angle has a range from 25.5 to 36.5°, the maximum solar irradiation on the panel surface has a range from 1388 to 2491 [kWh/(m²·yr)], and the spacing between panel rows varies from 1.94 times to 2.18 times the length of panels (strings). Based on the second module, the most required number of structures was determined at 22 using a discretization step of 0.5°. The third module was used to analyze limiting the number of structures to 2 and 3. In both cases, the expected reduction in annual irradiation from panels on an annual basis was assessed at each site to be less than 0.4%, and the expected percentage change in spacing between the panel rows was assessed at less than 3% for over 80% of the sites assessed. The maximum expected increase in irradiation when going from 2 structures to 3 was assessed to be less than 0.02%. When opting for 3 structures, the anticipated optimal tilt angles were 31°, 32.5°, approximately 33.5° with an anticipated frequency of 55%, 21%, and 24%, respectively. When opting for 2 structures, the anticipated optimal tilt angles were 31° and 33.5° with an anticipated frequency of 61% and 39%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric vehicle in Malaysia: Power source challenges, infrastructure gaps and international benchmarking","authors":"Jian Ding Tan ,&nbsp;Wei Hown Tee ,&nbsp;Chia Chao Kang ,&nbsp;Mohammadmahdi Ariannejad ,&nbsp;Zi-Neng Ng ,&nbsp;Yan Kang Lee ,&nbsp;Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicle (EV) represents a key technology in the global transition toward low-emission transportation, with the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and urban air pollution. In Malaysia, EV adoption is gaining traction through initiatives such as the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint and the National Energy Transition Roadmap. However, progress remains constrained by high capital costs, limited charging infrastructure, policy uncertainties, and energy grid limitations. This review critically examines the status and challenges of EV deployment in Malaysia, with a focus on the integration of energy sources, battery technologies, and charging infrastructure. Drawing on comparative analysis with leading EV markets such as China, the United States, Germany, and Japan, this study identifies scalable strategies relevant to Malaysia’s context. Key themes include localized battery cost structures, thermal management in tropical climates, and the role of renewable-powered charging networks. The paper also explores policy mechanisms to support EV retrofitting and power infrastructure planning. Through an interdisciplinary synthesis of academic literature, national policy documents, and market data, this review highlights pathways to improve EV adoption in emerging economies by addressing energy system constraints, battery sustainability, and infrastructure scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoidable greenhouse gas emissions in the context of corporate carbon neutrality strategies","authors":"Felix Ebersold,&nbsp;Ron-Hendrik Hechelmann,&nbsp;Marc Völker,&nbsp;Jannik Oetzel,&nbsp;Nadja Buchenau","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of a standardised definition for “unavoidable” greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in corporate carbon neutrality strategies undermines transparency and may lead to excessive reliance on offsets. This study introduces two complementary, data-driven approaches to quantify avoidable GHGE. The first approach benchmarks companies using the U.S. Industrial Assessment Centers dataset, identifying best-practice firms – defined as the top 5 % in market potential (≥18.7 %) – as pioneers. These companies demonstrate an average technical GHGE reduction potential of 31 % and implement 70 % of proposed measures, compared to 45 % in the general sample. The second approach evaluates the economic feasibility of 78 mitigation measures across eight German companies. Results show that 51 measures are cost-negative, 55 fall below the EU Emissions Trading System price, and 68 are below the German Environment Agency’s damage cost threshold (300<!--> <!-->€/tCO₂). These findings support two operational definitions: GHGE are avoidable if (1) they have been mitigated by best-practice peers, or (2) they can be reduced through economically viable measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of hydrogen production technologies, pathways, and applications for advancing global sustainable energy goals","authors":"Zahra Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Sevda Allahyari ,&nbsp;Shayan Rahimi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Fathi ,&nbsp;Shiva Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Mosaffa","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is acknowledged as a crucial component in achieving a low-carbon, sustainable energy future due to its diverse applications in industrial operations, transportation, and residential energy. This article meticulously examines the manufacturing pathways for hydrogen, categorized as green, blue, grey, and turquoise based on feedstocks, production methods, and associated carbon emissions. The paper analyzes fundamental production methods, encompassing electrochemical techniques such as water electrolysis and thermal methods like steam methane reforming and gasification. It also considers novel thermochemical, photochemical, and biological processes. The potential of pyrolysis and hydrogen-from-waste methods to utilize waste streams and offer benefits for the circular economy is also examined. This article evaluates the economic and environmental impacts of each method by synthesizing the latest findings from extensive research, concentrating on production expenses, energy efficiency, and lifecycle carbon emissions. Global case studies demonstrate the effective application of hydrogen across several contexts, including residential fuel cell installations for combined heat and power, industrial cogeneration systems, and urban transportation initiatives utilizing fuel cell buses. These real-world instances underscore practical issues in infrastructure and cost management while demonstrating hydrogen’s potential to transform several industries. Recent advancements, such as solid oxide electrolysis and artificial photosynthesis, offer potential for enhancing the economy and efficiency of hydrogen production. The paper concludes with strategic proposals for governments, corporate leaders, and academics, advocating for international collaboration, policy endorsement, and investments in technological advancement. This paper offers stakeholders a strategic framework to expedite the hydrogen economy and promote global sustainable energy objectives by examining various hydrogen production methods and their impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101319"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing hydropower production potential with multisite hydrological modeling in the Koshi river Basin, Nepal","authors":"Aditya Nath Jha ,&nbsp;Utsav Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Manoj Lamichhane ,&nbsp;Sushant Mehan ,&nbsp;Sanyam Ghimire ,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Bhattarai","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydropower is one of the major sources of energy for the Himalayan country Nepal which has abundant water resources. Several hydropower projects are being constructed and planned which envisage to meet the present and future energy demand, however, their production behavior under future climate conditions is not sufficiently documented. The Koshi River Basin (KRB) is located in eastern Nepal which is one of the hotspots for hydropower development and is particularly sensitive to climatic fluctuations in river discharge. To evaluate the potential impact of climate variations on river discharge and corresponding hydropower generation in KRB, a multi-site Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied in this study. The model was calibrated and validated for 1991–2009 and driven by downscaled CMIP6 climate projections (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) for the future period 2031–2060, to simulate future discharge and hydro energy production. Results indicate that baseline energy production was projected to increase modestly under future scenarios, while adopting a Modified Design Discharge (MDD) could substantially enhance generation. Specifically, increases of 35–45% under SSP2-4.5 and 25–30% under SSP5-8.5 are identified from two independent CMIP6 GCM projections, highlighting additional hydrological opportunities beyond those achievable with conventional baseline discharges. These findings indicate additional hydrological opportunities but also emphasize that static design assumptions underestimate future variability. Adaptive discharge strategies, such as MDD, provide actionable guidance for aligning hydropower planning and infrastructure design with projected climatic variability, thereby strengthening long-term energy security and resilience in vulnerable mountain basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental advantages and current trends of graphene-based materials for energy storage","authors":"Fatin Samara ,&nbsp;Khaled Obaideen ,&nbsp;Matthew Moyet ,&nbsp;Rasha Darra ,&nbsp;Gopal Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Sofian Kanan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Doping graphene with metal-based materials improves most of its identified and unique properties such as large surface area, high electrical conductivity, high mobility and stability, excellent mechanical properties as well as its potential for electrochemical energy storage. This paper provides a comprehensive bibliometric and data analytics approach for the use of graphene in energy storage by synthesizing the published work between the years of 2010 – 2024. Moreover, this work relates the applications of graphene to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The data presented herein provides a holistic view of graphene’s applications in energy storage by tracing the historical trajectory of the research and highlighting the current trends and future research directions. The major properties and production methods for graphene along with the electrochemical energy storage of graphene from structural and interfacial engineering viewpoints are discussed. Moreover, the study sheds light on the importance of continued research, collaboration, and policy support in understanding the potential of graphene-based materials, and it reinforces the study’s relevance to global sustainability efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101264"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced turbulator geometry for photovoltaico thermal Management: Simulation using Water–SWCNT nanofluid","authors":"Al-Akaishi Ahmed Salih,&nbsp;Muna Hameed Alturaihi,&nbsp;Faez Abid Muslim Abd Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work conducts a numerical analysis of an innovative cooling approach for solar panels, employing a water-based nanofluid enhanced with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as the working medium. To maintain computational efficiency while ensuring accuracy, symmetric boundary conditions were adopted. The photovoltaic (PV) panel was modeled by incorporating multiple solid layers to replicate its real structural composition. Four different cooling configurations were analyzed, each utilizing distinct turbulator geometries—including a newly developed conical turbulator with integrated blades and its inverted version—aimed at intensifying heat transfer inside the cooling channel. The numerical framework was validated through comparison with established experimental and numerical datasets. Results demonstrated that incorporating turbulators markedly enhances the system’s heat removal capacity, thereby lowering the module temperature. Notably, the conical turbulator with inclined blades achieved a 17.11% increase in the Nu and a 241.61% rise in pressure drop compared to the reference case. In addition, the optimized cooling design led to a 1.58% improvement in the thermal efficiency of the PV system and enabled an estimated annual reduction of 51.54 tons in CO₂ emissions. The integration of innovative turbulator geometries with SWCNT-based nanofluids represents a meaningful advancement in PV cooling research and addresses a notable gap in current literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101301"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slurry flow electrodes towards scalable environmental and energy storage applications: State of the art and technical challenges","authors":"Md Abu Raihan Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md Abir Hossain Bulbul ,&nbsp;Md Rabiul Islam Sarker,&nbsp;Monjur Mourshed","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slurry flow electrodes have emerged as promising candidates for scalable electrochemical energy storage and environmental applications, offering high charge capacity, tunable conductivity, and design flexibility. Prior research has provided valuable insights into material synthesis, flow dynamics, and system design, but these studies remain fragmented and often lack a unifying framework that connects particle properties with electrochemical performance. This review systematically examines recent advances in slurry flow electrodes, introducing an innovative classification framework that organizes prior work into coherent categories of materials, configurations, and performance optimisation. It also establishes for the first time correlation models linking slurry physicochemical characteristics with charge transfer and flow behaviour, thereby providing predictive guidance for system design. Furthermore, the review proposes novel biomimetic design strategies inspired by natural hierarchical architectures to address persistent challenges such as particle aggregation, viscosity control, and long term operational stability. By bridging prior fragmented knowledge with new theoretical and design perspectives, this work advances slurry flow electrodes toward practical, cost effective, and sustainable deployment in next generation energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101279"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}