Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"3D copper telluride morphological leaf structure based triboelectric nanogenerator for wearable sensing application","authors":"Muhammad Umair Khan ,&nbsp;Sumayya M. Ansari ,&nbsp;Haila M. Aldosari ,&nbsp;Baker Mohammad","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) requires significant advancements in the triboelectric charge density, which is closely related to the electron affinity differences between materials and their surface-contact modifications. Metal telluride materials, particularly copper telluride (Cu₂Te), are promising materials owing to their exceptional semiconducting properties and superionic conductivity. This study introduces a novel method using single-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to directly synthesize three-dimensional (3D) Cu₂Te leaf-like structures on Cu substrates. Incorporating 4 wt% Cu₂Te into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix enhances the charge transfer properties by inducing β-phase crystallinity, aligning the molecular dipoles, and increasing the polarization. The highly electronegative nature of PVDF plays a crucial role in optimizing the triboelectric charge separation by significantly enhancing the electron affinity at the interface. At the same time, Cu₂Te further facilitates interfacial charge transfer through its high conductivity and large surface area. Complementing this, the PVA/NaCl tribopositive layer with a 0.2 M NaCl concentration leverages disrupted hydrogen bonding within the PVA matrix caused by ion–dipole interactions with Na⁺ ions. These interactions increase the availability of free hydroxyl groups, thus enhancing the electropositivity and charge generation. The PVDF/Cu₂Te and PVA/NaCl layers establish a strong triboelectric interface, thereby optimizing the charge transfer and retention. The TENG structure, with an area of 20 cm², achieved a peak open-circuit voltage of 170 V, a short-circuit current of 32 µA, and a power density of 1.62 W/m² at an impedance of 40 MΩ. The device demonstrated remarkable durability over 80,000 operational cycles and maintained stable performance after 30 days of testing. Additionally, the TENG successfully powered 56 LEDs, a stopwatch, and charged capacitors in the range of 1 μF, 10 μF, and 22 μF for self-powered electronics, demonstrating its potential for wearable sensing and sustainable electronic applications. This study highlights the potential of metal telluride materials to advance TENG technology for high-performance energy harvesting and self-powered electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable energies in Morocco: A comprehensive review and analysis of current status, policy framework, and prospective potential","authors":"Hamza El Hafdaoui ,&nbsp;Ahmed Khallaayoun ,&nbsp;Salah Al-Majeed","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100967","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The power sector in Morocco has undergone significant expansion over the past two decades, characterized by rising electricity consumption, persistent reliance on energy imports, and a generation mix dominated by fossil fuels. In 2022, Morocco produced nearly 43 TWh of electricity, but inefficiencies in storage and distribution limited end-use availability to 38 TWh. Fossil fuels accounted for 83 % of electricity generation, contributing 48 % of the country’s energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. To align with global climate commitments, Morocco has set ambitious decarbonization goals, targeting a 52 % renewable energy share in the electricity mix by 2030 and 70 % by 2050. This review systematically evaluates the renewable energy sector in Morocco, employing the PRISMA methodology to analyze 1,328 references sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The study provides actionable insights into three key areas: (1) the current situation of renewable energy deployment, (2) the policy framework governing renewable energy, and (3) the prospective potential for scaling up renewables in Morocco. The novelty of this research is further underscored by its integration of technical, economic, and policy perspectives into a cohesive framework. It is the first to present critical, non-publicly available data on Morocco’s renewable energy projects gathered through on-site visits and stakeholder interviews. Additionally, this review consolidates and translates fragmented legislative documents—primarily available in Arabic—into a comprehensive English-language reference. Key findings reveal that Morocco’s current renewable energy projects include solar (1.6 GW, 4.14 TWh annually), wind (1.28 GW, 4.29 TWh annually), and hydropower (1.1 GW, 1.7 TWh annually). Targeted efficiency improvements by 2050 include solar (28 %), wind (55 %), and hydropower (90–94 %), with cost reductions to $37/MWh, $41/MWh, $26/MWh, respectively. Integrated energy sectors contribute 41 Mt-CO&lt;sub&gt;2e&lt;/sub&gt;, with renewables advancing solar irrigation (125 MW), industrial power (480 MW), and transport (91 MW). The regulatory framework, comprising Laws 57–09, 37–16, 13–09, and 48–15, has facilitated the development of renewables but requires reform to enhance institutional effectiveness and attract private investments of $1–$2 billion. Detailed recommendations include modernizing grid infrastructure, implementing advanced planning and management strategies, and fostering research and development to reduce energy losses, minimize renewable energy costs, and enhance grid stability. Strengthening ANRE’s authority, simplifying grid access procedures, incentivizing local manufacturing, promoting decentralized energy systems, and enhancing public–private partnerships are essential for addressing the “renewable energy curse,” reducing reliance on fossil fuel imports, and achieving the decarbonization targets in Morocco. By integrating technical, economic, and policy dimen","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis as a strategic element in energy system transformation to achieve net zero emissions","authors":"Anna Sandhaas,&nbsp;Niklas Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates pyrolysis as a dual-purpose technology for integrating negative emissions and dispatchable electricity into Germany’s power system, supporting climate neutrality by 2045. Using a myopic power system model, we assess the role of pyrolysis, which operates solely on residual biomass. By 2050, pyrolysis can reach an installed capacity of 5 GW, supplying 2 % of total electricity generation. Its flexible power output reduces the need for hydrogen storage by 60 %, as it generates electricity during low renewable supply periods and offsets CO₂ emissions from gas-fired power plants through biochar sequestration. This enables continued gas plant operation without new investments while maintaining a net-negative CO₂ balance. Pyrolysis deployment is closely linked to solar PV availability, expanding earlier in high-solar regions, and its integration increases battery storage capacity by 240 %. The expansion of pyrolysis is driven by investment costs (CAPEX) and electricity demand, with lower CAPEX—below 308 €/(t_BM/year) for pyrolysis plants and 2,300 €/kW_el for power generation units—accelerating deployment. Rising electricity demand enhances pyrolysis’ role as a flexible power source, even under high CAPEX conditions. These findings highlight pyrolysis as a strategic enabler of energy system decarbonization, uniquely combining dispatchable renewable electricity and negative emissions. Its integration underscores the need for a diversified power plant portfolio to maintain system flexibility and stability, providing essential insights for policymakers, investors, and energy planners on optimizing market frameworks and deployment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing urban energy flows: Integrative vehicle-to-building strategies and renewable energy management","authors":"Jian Hern Yeoh ,&nbsp;Kai-Yun Lo ,&nbsp;I-Yun Lisa Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into urban centers poses significant challenges for electrical grids, particularly in terms of energy management within buildings. This study introduces a scalable, multi-objective optimization model that utilizes Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) interactions to mitigate grid load by leveraging EVs as mobile energy storage units. This approach enhances grid stability and resilience while optimizing energy consumption, reducing peak loads, and minimizing emissions. We employ a weighted-sum method for flexible adaptability, allowing system priorities to be adjusted according to varying needs. The optimization tasks are handled using the Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) algorithm, which is well-suited for managing quadratic objective functions, nonlinear constraints, and bounded variables. Conducted at selected facilities at National Taiwan University (NTU), the model’s effectiveness is demonstrated across four scenarios—each evaluating the contributions of photovoltaics (PV), V2B strategy, and an energy storage system (ESS) both individually and collectively. The results reveal significant benefits: a 46.79% annual reduction in grid energy consumption, along with notable decreases in daily peak load (63.49%), electricity costs (51.15%), and carbon emissions (45.99%) compared to a control setup. Additionally, our economic analysis underscores the cost-effectiveness of integrating PV with V2B technology, achieving a cost reduction of 40.83%. Although the inclusion of ESS incurs higher initial costs, it significantly improves peak load management by an additional 14.11%. This study not only underscores the practicality and economic viability of the model but also highlights its potential as a flexible tool in advancing sustainable urban energy solutions. Through comprehensive cost assessments and sensitivity analysis, this research enhances the capacity for intelligent, adaptable, and resource-efficient energy management in urban transport infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mathematical model for hybrid-electric propulsion system for regional propeller-driven aircraft","authors":"Giuseppe Grazioso,&nbsp;Mario Di Stasio,&nbsp;Fabrizio Nicolosi,&nbsp;Salvatore Trepiccione","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the environmental challenges in aviation, this research presents a novel mathematical model for simulating hybrid-electric powerplants in regional propeller-driven aircraft from the early design stages. The model integrates conventional thermal engines with battery and fuel cell systems, supporting up to two independent propulsion lines. Using a throttle-based approach, a linear mathematical formulation estimates power distribution within the architecture. A powerplant management algorithm enhances adaptability to varying power demands while ensuring a physically consistent solution. This approach enables rapid performance evaluation, allowing designers to optimize configurations from the earliest design stages. Case studies validate the model’s effectiveness in meeting diverse power requirements while maintaining a consistent solution. Ultimately, this study provides innovative analytical method for early-stage exploration and optimization of complex propulsion systems, contributing to a more sustainable aviation sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing shallow geothermal wells via Time-Dependent modeling and bucket space approximation","authors":"Elsa Maalouf ,&nbsp;Jamil F. El-Masry ,&nbsp;Alissar Yehya ,&nbsp;Omar Othman ,&nbsp;Mohamad Abdo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal energy is a clean, sustainable resource, yet efficiency challenges such as reservoir thermal depletion and short-circuiting in shallow closed-loop wells limit the performance of geothermal systems. The high computational cost of transient numerical models further complicates performance optimization, making it difficult to assess and improve system efficiency. To address this, a Bucket Space Approximation is introduced as a novel simplification method that preserves thermal effects while significantly reducing computational costs. A two-dimensional, 100-meter-deep, axisymmetric geothermal well model was simulated for 30 years using the finite element method and validated against analytical benchmarks and Distributed Thermal Response Test data. Sensitivity analyses examined grout thermal conductivity, tubing air–gap dimensions, and weather-dependent fluid flow rates. The results show that grout thermal conductivity consistently improves well performance, while seasonally adaptive operational strategies optimize efficiency. In winter, higher fluid flow rates enhance heating performance, whereas in summer, lower flow rates minimize pumping power while maintaining cooling efficiency. Under mid-weather conditions, increasing flow rates reduces the effectiveness of tubing air-gaps, requiring careful adjustments. The inclusion of a tubing air–gap generally improved performance, with an optimal thickness of 1.6 mm and a length of 60 m. This study presents a computationally efficient approach to enhance geothermal well performance while reducing modeling constraints. The findings contribute to improving system efficiency, expanding the applicability of closed-loop geothermal wells, and guiding future research on integrating novel materials with adaptive thermal properties, heterogeneous geological conditions, and incorporating dynamic weather conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrating solar power technology in Bangladesh: Potential and challenges for large-scale implementation","authors":"Md. Abdu Rabbir Rasul,&nbsp;Nafeem Yasar,&nbsp;Nahid-Ur-Rahman Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study outlines the possibilities and barriers to implementing concentrating solar power (CSP) technology in Bangladesh by conducting a techno-economic feasibility analysis of three distinct technologies of CSP plants in five different locations throughout the country. Utilizing the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, a thorough analysis of the technical and economic aspects of implementing a 50 MW Parabolic Trough CSP Plant, Linear Fresnel CSP Plant, and the Solar Power Tower CSP Plant in the districts of Munshiganj, Sunamganj, Dinajpur, Cox’s Bazar, and Pabna was conducted. The sites were chosen based on factors such as the availability of nearby hydrological assets, the district’s average Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), etc. These criteria were comprehensively met, and the average DNI of 1900–2100 kWh/m2 was a crucial parameter in the simulation studies. From a technical aspect, keeping an average Thermal Energy Storage (TES) of 6 h, the Capacity Factor (CF%) and for economic feasibility, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Net Present Value (NPV) were optimized to determine the best possible blueprint. It is observed that in terms of LCOE, NPV, and CF%, the ideal technology to be implemented in Bangladesh would be the Power Tower-Molten Salt technology, as it ensures an LCOE as low as $0.1251/kWh in Dinajpur, NPV as high as $40,880,084 in Cox’s Bazar, and CF% as high as 48.3 % in Dinajpur. These findings clearly stipulate the potential for CSP technology in Bangladesh’s energy landscape and how it can replace or hybridize conventional power generation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in combustion technologies: A review of innovations, methodologies, and practical applications","authors":"Abdellatif M. Sadeq ,&nbsp;Raad Z. Homod ,&nbsp;Husam Abdulrasool Hasan ,&nbsp;Bilal Naji Alhasnawi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Kadhim Hussein ,&nbsp;Ali Jahangiri ,&nbsp;Hussein Togun ,&nbsp;Masoud Dehghani-Soufi ,&nbsp;Shahbaz Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review comprehensively examines key advancements in combustion technologies, multi-scale modeling approaches, and experimental diagnostics, highlighting their contributions to enhancing energy efficiency, reducing emissions, and advancing sustainable energy solutions. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) achieves thermal efficiencies up to 50 %, while Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) reduces NO_x emissions by up to 90 % and improves brake thermal efficiency by 43 %, demonstrating significant potential for low-emission power generation. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) achieves thermodynamic efficiency improvements with pressure ratios reaching 2.0, while Plasma-Assisted Combustion (PAC) shortens ignition delay by 35 %, enabling stable operation under lean conditions. Multi-scale modeling techniques, such as hybrid DNS-LES models, achieve a 5 % error margin in flame speed predictions, and Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) reduces computational costs by 50 % without compromising accuracy. Experimental diagnostics, including Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), deliver high-resolution measurements, with PIV capturing flow fields at over 10 kHz and high-speed imaging recording transient combustion events at up to 100 kHz. Future research directions emphasize advancing low-temperature combustion strategies, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven modeling techniques, and developing hybrid diagnostic methods for real-time combustion analysis. These advancements collectively support the transition to cleaner, more efficient combustion systems, contributing to sustainable energy solutions and guiding future innovations in combustion science and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing wastewater heat resources in Zambian food and beverage processing: Case studies, regional assessment, and implications","authors":"Eleanor Mancusi-Ungaro ,&nbsp;Madhu K. Murali ,&nbsp;Paul Coughlan ,&nbsp;Godfrey Hampwaye ,&nbsp;Derrick Bwalya Tembo ,&nbsp;Aonghus McNabola","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater heat recovery (WWHR) aims to recycle low-grade thermal resources embedded in wastewater discharges and lower the energy requirements for hot-water production in various settings. WWHR has received growing attention in recent years, however, limited attention has been given to potential WWHR resources or the technologies required to exploit these in hot-water-intensive industrial settings, such as food and beverage processing. In addition, very limited attention has been given to WWHR in a Global South context. To address these gaps, and an additional gap on WWHR in subtropical locations, this paper seeks to quantify the thermal resources available in Zambia’s food and beverage industry. Two potential WWHR resources were selected for deeper analysis based on site assessments: boiler blowdowns and cleaning-in-place. This analysis shows a significant heat resource in both processes based on analysis of on-site data and nationwide extrapolation. Cleaning-in place processes also represent a new avenue for WWHR currently not explored in the literature. Extrapolating the WWHR findings to a country-wide scale showed that boiler blowdowns have an annual thermal potential of about 4 GWh and cleaning-in-place had an annual thermal potential of 4.4 GWh. In summary, this paper demonstrates that the Zambian food and beverage processing sector has a significant wastewater heat resource. Recovering this heat could reduce sector emissions by around 2.5 kT CO₂ equivalent emissions per year. These results also demonstrate the potential of industrial WWHR in subtropical climates and the potential for this source of renewable heat warrants exploration regionally beyond the national context of Zambia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable electrification of remote communities: Techno-economic and demand response analysis for renewable microgrids","authors":"Md. Feroz Ali ,&nbsp;Md. Rafiqul Islam Sheikh ,&nbsp;Mir Md. Julhash ,&nbsp;Ashraf Hossain Sanvi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bangladesh has an acute power deficit, its rural areas consequently calling for creative renewable-energy solutions. A remote riverside-border village in the district of Rajshahi, off-grid due to its geography across the Padma River, boasts 2,500 inhabitants with 850 households, a primary school among them. It is to be powered from abundant renewables by means of an off-grid microgrid integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) generation with a battery energy storage system (BESS), designed in HOMER Pro (version 3.14.2). Optimum systems, including PV, WT, and BESS, attain an NPC of $171,720, a COE of $0.0688/kWh, an operating cost of $2,658.03, and a capital cost of $136,082 among three configurations analyzed. The system ensures zero carbon emission with a 100% Renewable Fraction (RF), indicating environmental benefits. Sensitivity analysis of factors like solar irradiance, wind speed, and component costs revealed economic variability, while diverse load dispatch strategies enhanced efficiency. Using MATLAB simulation, demand response analysis showed annual energy savings of 9,686.427 kWh/year. Moreover, future energy demand projections and system scalability analysis demonstrate the adaptability of the microgrid to population growth, ensuring long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study offers a scalable model for sustainable rural electrification in remote regions globally, promoting environmental sustainability and energy access in isolated communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}