Journal of Membrane Science最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and simulation study of single-matrix, all-polymeric thin-film composite membranes for CO2 capture: Block vs random copolymers","authors":"Seung Jae Moon ,&nbsp;Seungho Yu ,&nbsp;Na Yeong Oh ,&nbsp;Ki Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Jong Hak Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance, additive-free, all-polymeric thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were developed for CO₂ capture, focusing on a comparison between block and random copolymers (referred to as PTF) composed of hydrophobic poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) and CO₂-philic polar poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (POEM) chains. The PTF random copolymer, synthesized via free-radical polymerization (FRP), exhibited a disordered morphology. In contrast, the PTF block copolymer, synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, formed a well-ordered hexagonally packed cylindrical structure, creating an amphiphilic, microphase-separated nanostructure. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that in both copolymers, there was minimal interaction between the gases (CO₂ and N₂) and the hydrophobic PTFEMA segments, while CO₂ showed strong affinity for the hydrophilic POEM segments. The block and random copolymers demonstrated similar CO₂ permeance, which can be attributed to their comparable CO₂ diffusivity and solubility. However, the block copolymer exhibited significantly lower N₂ permeance than the random copolymer, resulting in nearly quadruple the CO₂/N₂ selectivity. This increase in selectivity was supported by the lower N₂ mean squared displacement (indicating reduced diffusivity) observed in the block copolymer. The PTF block copolymer outperformed the commercial Pebax block copolymer, achieving CO₂ capture efficiencies that surpass industrial standards for CO₂ separation and capture. This positions the single-matrix PTF block copolymer as a promising alternative to mixed-matrix membranes for practical applications in gas separation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123496"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Sharklet patterns on thermal efficiency and salt-scaling resistance of poly (vinylidene fluoride) membranes during direct contact membrane distillation","authors":"Shouhong Fan ,&nbsp;Duong T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Jaylene Martinez ,&nbsp;John Chau ,&nbsp;Kieran Fung ,&nbsp;Kamalesh Sirkar ,&nbsp;Anthony P. Straub ,&nbsp;Yifu Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane distillation (MD) can treat high-salinity brine. However, the system's efficiency is hindered by obstacles, including salt scaling and temperature polarization. When properly implemented, surface patterns can improve the mass and heat transfer in the boundary layer, which leads to higher MD efficiency. In this work, the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) using Sharklet-patterned poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes is investigated. Both non-patterned and patterned PVDF membranes are prepared by lithographically templated thermally induced phase separation (<em>lt</em>-TIPS) process with optimized conditions. Sharklet patterns on the membranes improve the DCMD performance: up to 17 % higher water flux and 35 % increased brine-side heat transfer coefficient. The scaling resistance of the membranes during DCMD is tested by both saturated CaSO₄ solution and hypersaline NaCl solutions. Patterned PVDF membranes show an average of 30 % higher water flux and up to 45 % lessened flux decline over time compared with non-patterned membranes when treating high-concentration brines. Post-mortem analysis reveals that Sharklet-patterned membranes display less salt-scaling on surfaces with smaller-sized CaSO₄ and NaCl crystals, maintain a relatively cleaner surface, and exhibit better retention of hydrophobicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123476"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying steric, non-steric, and adsorption contributions to solute rejection in covalent organic framework nanofiltration membranes","authors":"Dana R. Flores,&nbsp;Devin L. Shaffer","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solute transport in nanofiltration (NF) membrane systems is described with the Donnan Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE), which couples size- and charge-based solute partitioning mechanisms into and out of the membrane pores with flow through the pore, as described by the Extended Nernst-Planck equation. If membrane structural and chemical characteristics are well defined, the DSPM-DE can theoretically be used to identify solute rejection mechanisms, predict NF performance, and guide membrane design. However, the presence of additional separation mechanisms, like adsorption, and the heterogeneous, convoluted characteristics of traditional NF membranes challenge these goals. In this work, we apply covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as model NF materials to demonstrate control over the steric and non-steric partitioning and transport mechanisms in NF. We experimentally isolate and quantify the steric and non-steric contributions to solute partitioning and transport in NF via application of the DSPM-DE to COF membranes fabricated with tailored pore sizes, thicknesses, and charge properties. We also demonstrate enhanced non-steric solute rejection achieved through changes to COF membrane structure and chemistry, and we highlight the significant impact of adsorption on measured solute rejection by COF membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123491"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to detailed modeling and simulation of water-gap membrane distillation: Establishing a numerical baseline model","authors":"Baek-Gyu Im ,&nbsp;Seong-Yong Woo ,&nbsp;Min-Gyu Ham ,&nbsp;Ho Ji ,&nbsp;Young-Deuk Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In water-gap membrane distillation (WGMD), natural convection within the water gap significantly impacts performance and thermal efficiency. Previous studies have used empirical or modified empirical correlation models to predict the Nusselt number within the water gap, investigating how natural convection affects WGMD performance and thermal efficiency. However, these models are specific to certain operating conditions, limiting their application in developing a comprehensive numerical model for the WGMD process. To address this limitation, we developed a numerical model by integrating a two-dimensional natural convection model within the water gap. Experimental investigations were conducted across a wide range of feed temperatures and water gap sizes to assess the influence of key operating parameters on performance. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical model, the experimental results were compared with those from the proposed model and with results from numerical models used in previous studies. The proposed numerical model demonstrated a maximum deviation of 8.5 % from the measured data, whereas the numerical models used in previous studies exhibited deviations of 22.9 %. In addition, the flow characteristics within the water gap were analyzed through isotherms and streamlines, and the improved thermal efficiency of WGMD compared to direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123482"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced plasticization resistance of hollow fiber membranes via metal ion coordination for advanced helium recovery","authors":"Zhenyuan Li ,&nbsp;Wei Lai ,&nbsp;Ying Sun ,&nbsp;Tianliang Han ,&nbsp;Xing Liu ,&nbsp;Chunfa Liao ,&nbsp;Shuangjiang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasticization can significantly impair the gas separation performance of gas separation membranes, especially for hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) with ultrathin skin layer. While conventional thermal crosslinking is an effective method to address this issue, it often leads to the transition layer collapse in HFMs, resulting in a significant decrease in gas permeance. Herein, we fabricate polyimide-cerium (PI–Ce) complex HFMs using a carboxylic group-containing 6FDA-mPDA_0.65-DABA_0.3-TFMB_0.05 copolyimide through metal ion coordination to achieve plasticization-resistance helium recovery from natural gas. We optimized dope compositions and spinning conditions to produce defect-free hollow fiber membranes with a skin layer as thin as 300 nm. The coordination between carboxyl groups and cerium ions was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The polymer-metal coordinated membranes exhibited enhanced gas selectivities compared to the pristine HFMs due to the tailored microporosity achieved through polymer-metal coordination. Furthermore, the PI-Ce HFMs demonstrated only a 10.8 % decline in mixed-gas He/CH₄ selectivity, which is significantly lower than the 55.4 % decline observed in pristine HFMs when exposed to CO₂-containing feed pressures below 400 PSIA. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that coordination confined molecular chain swelling, thereby suppressing plasticization caused by CO₂. The exceptional plasticization resistance of the PI-Ce complex HFMs provides a novel strategy for recovering helium from aggressive natural gas environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123480"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imine-linked integrally crosslinked thin-film composite membrane for organic solvent nanofiltration","authors":"Heguo Han ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Huiting Yu ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Sun ,&nbsp;Shenghai Li ,&nbsp;Suobo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For thin-film composite (TFC) membranes applied in organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), enhancing the adhesion between the active layers and the substrates can effectively improve the stability of the membranes. In this work, TFC OSN membranes with polyetherketone bearing amino group (PEK-NH₂) asymmetric substrates and amino-contained polyarylate active layers were fabricated by interfacial polymerization technique, and subsequently reacted with dialdehydes to form crosslinking between and within the substrates and the active layers. Crosslinking improved both of the solvent resistance of the substrates and the separation selectivity of the active layers. In addition, reverse pressure testing demonstrated that crosslinking allowed the active layers to adhere more strongly to the substrates. The optimized integrally crosslinked membranes exhibited methanol permeance of 10.4 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and a molecular weight cut-off of about 320 g mol⁻¹ in methanol. Moreover, the integrally crosslinked membranes maintained good stability for OSN operation in methanol for 12 days, and also exhibited unchanged OSN performance after soaked in <em>N,N</em>-dimethylformamide for 2 days. This work demonstrated a novel solvent-resistant membrane material and membrane-fabrication strategy with prospect for OSN application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123490"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen bond-mediated assembly of homo-charged COF nanosheets and polyelectrolytes towards robust Li+/Mg2+ separation membrane","authors":"Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Hao Deng ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Zixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Zaichuang Liu ,&nbsp;Beixi Jia ,&nbsp;Hanqi Lin ,&nbsp;Runnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing membranes with ordered channels and high positive charge density is crucial for Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation. Ionic covalent organic framework (COF) membranes are promising candidates, yet they face challenges like pore size mismatch with ions and the liable structural defects. Herein, we proposed a hydrogen bond-mediated strategy to assemble membranes from homo-charged COF nanosheets and polyelectrolytes. Compared with the quaternary amines in poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), the abundant primary and secondary amines in polyethyleneimine facilitate multiple hydrogen bonding interactions with COF nanosheets. These interactions effectively overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positive charges, endowing membrane with structural robustness. Furthermore, the intercalation of polyelectrolytes eliminates the structural defects, reduces the membrane pore size, and enhances the Donnan effect. The optimized COF membrane exhibited a pure water flux of 10.2 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, separation factor of up to 30 at high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ mass ratio of 100, and excellent stability under various operating conditions. Strikingly, our strategy facilitates the fabrication of membranes in large area (&gt;450 cm²) while maintaining consistent separation performance, showcasing substantial potential of scalable manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123489"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid preparation and mechanism investigation of covalent organic framework membranes by 3D printing based on electrostatic spraying","authors":"Chenglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangzhe Wang ,&nbsp;Yangbo Qiu ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Long-Fei Ren ,&nbsp;Jiahui Shao ,&nbsp;Yiliang He","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic framework (COF) has great advantages in the field of membrane separation, but the efficient and convenient preparation of COF membranes is still a challenge. Herein, we propose a novel method with green solvent for the preparation of COF membranes based on electrostatic spraying, which can be successfully prepared within 10 min, forming the TpPa COF with a pore size of 1.8 nm. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that electrostatic spraying enhances the reaction rate by lowering the energy barrier and increasing the movement of reacting monomers. Atomization of the solvent in electrostatic spraying causes the rapid volatilization of the solvent, resulting in supersaturation of the generated TpPa, precipitation and crystallization, and promotes the formation of TpPa COF structure. The optimal COF membrane for the separation of Congo red wastewater is prepared by adjusting the voltage, concentration, and spraying time, with selectivity of Na₂SO₄ for Congo Red attaining 118 and water permeance reaching 70.2 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1. This work not only elaborates the membrane preparation mechanism in the electrostatic spraying process, but also greatly shortens the time of COF membrane preparation compared to the traditional method (2–3 days), which contributes to the possibility for practical application of COF membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123487"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics removal from a hospital laundry wastewater combining ceramic membranes and a photocatalytic membrane reactor: Fouling mitigation, water reuse, and cost estimation","authors":"Fabricio Eduardo Bortot Coelho ,&nbsp;Sandra Isabella Sohn ,&nbsp;Victor M. Candelario ,&nbsp;Nanna Isabella Bloch Hartmann ,&nbsp;Claus Hélix-Nielsen ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The release of microplastics (MPs) through industrial laundry wastewater accounts for 35 % of global MPs emissions into the environment and it is a significant environmental problem, especially because MPs can absorb contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from garments. This study is the first to evaluate and perform a cost estimation of the MP removal from hospital laundry wastewater (HLWW) using a combination of ceramic membranes and a pilot-scale photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) as a fouling mitigation strategy. The HLWW, from a hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, contained a total organic carbon (TOC) of 345 mg L⁻¹ and 1.4 × 10⁶ MP L⁻¹, mainly of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ranging between 100 and 200 μm in size. The pre-treatment with an ultrafiltration (UF) ZrO₂ membrane successfully removed 96 % of MPs and over 98 % of suspended solids and turbidity at an estimated cost of 0.45 US$ per m³ of permeate. In the PMR stage, ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LED) irradiation reduced irreversible fouling, improving permeate flow and minimizing the need for chemical cleaning. The Ce–Y–ZrO₂/TiO₂ photocatalytic membrane achieved over 99 % removal of turbidity, colour, and suspended solids, as well as 99.9 % removal of MPs, allowing the potential effluent reuse within the hospital laundry. Additionally, the retentate from the PMR process had lower TOC, easing the discharge of this concentrated stream. The cost estimation demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation combined with traditional techniques, <em>i.e.</em> backflush and chemical cleaning, is more economical than using these techniques separately. Therefore, the total treatment cost was 1.09 US$ per m³ of permeate, which is lower than the cost of fresh water in Denmark. In conclusion, this innovative treatment strategy offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution for HLWW management, not only reducing water consumption by enabling water reuse in the hospital laundry but also advances towards achieving net-zero liquid discharge and contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goals for clean water (Goal 6) and climate action (Goal 13).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123485"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocarbon-based composite membranes containing sulfonated Poly(arylene thioether sulfone)-grafted 2D crown ether framework coordinated with cerium ions for PEMFC applications","authors":"Seho Lee ,&nbsp;Chanhee Choi ,&nbsp;Sung Min Lee ,&nbsp;Hyunhee Lee ,&nbsp;Jusung Han ,&nbsp;Junghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Jinseok Kim ,&nbsp;Jinwook Park ,&nbsp;Kihyun Kim ,&nbsp;Jong-Chan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2024.123483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a novel strategy to develop sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) composite membranes that can simultaneously improve the physicochemical stability and proton conductivity of hydrocarbon-based membranes for PEMFC applications. This strategy involves the use of a sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone)-grafted 2D crown ether framework coordinated with cerium³⁺ ions (SATS–C₂O–Ce) as a promising filler material. SATS-C₂O, a highly sulfonated polymer-grafted 2D framework containing crown ether holes in its skeletal structure, was prepared via self-condensation using halogenated phloroglucinol as a multifunctional building unit to form C₂O, followed by condensation using SATS to graft the sulfonated polymer onto its edge. Ce³⁺ ions were directly coordinated within the crown ether holes of SATS-C₂O via a simple doping process using aqueous Ce solution. The SPAES composite membranes containing SATS–C₂O–Ce (SPAES/SATS–C₂O–Ce) exhibited exceptional dimensional stability and mechanical toughness. The remarkable chemical stability of SPAES/SATS–C₂O–Ce compared to that of pristine SPAES and SPAES/Ce (containing the same amount of Ce³⁺ ions but without SATS-C₂O) was attributed to the well-dispersed state of Ce³⁺ ions within the SPAES matrix. Furthermore, the enhanced proton conductivity of SPAES/SATS–C₂O–Ce surpassed those of pristine SPAES, SPAES/C₂O, and SPAES/Ce by the formation of additional proton-conducting channels provided by the sulfonic acid groups of SATS–C₂O–Ce, along with the improved water uptake capability of SPAES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 123483"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}