Journal of Membrane Science最新文献

{"title":"Contribution of the transmembrane electric potential to the set voltage in a single-anion exchange membrane electrodialysis-cell and the role of solution conditions","authors":"Holly M. Haflich,&nbsp;Orlando Coronell","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transmembrane electric potential (TMEP) drives ion transport via electromigration across ion exchange membranes (IEMs) during electrodialysis (ED). For ED operation, a voltage is either measured, or set to remain constant, between two electrodes on either side of a single IEM (simplified ED-cell) or a stack of IEMs (bench-scale ED system). The set/measured voltage has been used in the literature to approximate the TMEP in simplified ED-cells assuming that other elements between the electrodes (e.g., solutions, boundary layers, concentration gradient) contribute negligibly to the measured/set voltage; however, there is no experimental evidence in the literature comprehensively evaluating the accuracy of this assumption. Accordingly, our objectives were to (i) determine the contribution of the TMEP to the set voltage in a simplified ED-cell under operationally relevant solution conditions, and (ii) understand the role of solution conditions on the potential drop contributions from each element between reference electrodes. We studied sodium salts of eight anions (inorganic and organic) and three desalination levels at a set voltage of 0.4 V. Results showed that the set voltage was not a good approximation of the TMEP for any solution condition which was primarily attributed to the substantial potential drop from the solutions. The TMEP also varied substantially depending on solute identity and concentration. Additionally, the TMEP decreased substantially as the desalination level increased from 0% to 75%, which was attributed to the increase in potential drops due to the boundary layers and open circuit voltage. The reported findings provide important insights into the effective driving force of ion transport via electromigration when operating ED at a set voltage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"723 ","pages":"Article 123925"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient separation of nanoemulsion and simultaneous membrane cleaning by electroflotation coupled membrane filtration process","authors":"Hongwei Ge ,&nbsp;Dafan Chen ,&nbsp;Mutai Bao ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenzong Lu ,&nbsp;Xiuping Chen ,&nbsp;Yiming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique stability and complexity of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions originating from various fields of life and production pose significant challenges for their separation. In this work, a novel oil/water separation membrane (MFC/PPy/Ni–Co–P) is constructed by loading polypyrrole (PPy) particles on cellulose (MFC) membranes to provide growth sites for Ni–Co–P alloys, so as to endow the membrane with <em>in situ</em> bubble-generating capability. Under the external electric field, the MFC/PPy/Ni–Co–P membrane is integrated into the electroflotation filtration system as a cathode, and the effective membrane cleaning and demulsification of nanoemulsions can be realized through the micro-aeration environment constructed <em>in situ</em>. The MFC/PPy/Ni–Co–P membrane demonstrates outstanding performance in gravity-driven separation of various oil/water mixtures, with a rejection rate of &gt;99.99 % and a flux of &gt;3000 L∙m⁻²∙h⁻¹. The interaction energy between oils with different viscosities and membranes is quantified by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, revealing the dominant role of acid-base interactions in the anti-fouling process. Notably, the integration of MFC/PPy/Ni–Co–P membrane into an electroflotation separation system enables the coalescence and separation of small-sized, highly stable nanoemulsions with separation efficiencies of &gt;99.86 %. This study provides a novel approach for simultaneous and efficient nanoemulsion separation and membrane fouling remediation, showing a great potential in the development of efficient and sustainable oil/water separation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"722 ","pages":"Article 123919"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Spirocyclic quaternary ammonium ionene membranes prepared by polyhydroxyalkylation","authors":"Pegah Mansouri Bakvand,&nbsp;Thanh Huong Pham,&nbsp;Patric Jannasch","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) carrying <em>N</em>-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium cations generally have a high alkaline stability because of the unstrained ring and constrained conformations of this type of bicyclic cation. Here, we have prepared a series of <em>N</em>-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium ionenes (spiro-ionenes) using a diphenyl-functionalized monomer with a di-<em>N</em>-spiro-isoindolium moiety containing two <em>N</em>-spiro cations. This di-cationic monomer was directly employed in superacid mediated polyhydroxyalkylations with isatin (or alternatively <em>N</em>-methylisatin) and <em>p</em>-terphenyl to obtain ether-free oxindole-containing spiro-ionenes with different ion exchange capacities. AEMs based on the spiro-ionenes reached a high ion conductivity, up to 152 mS cm⁻¹, with no detectable degradation of the <em>N</em>-spiro cations after storage in 1 M aq. NaOH for 720 h at 80 °C. Degradation was however detected after storage in 2 M aq. NaOH at 90 °C. Still, the most stable spiro-ionene AEM displayed an ion loss of merely 3 % after 720 h. In conclusion, we demonstrate that highly conductive and alkali-stable spiro-ionenes for AEMs can efficiently be prepared by employing <em>N</em>-spirocyclic monomers in polyhydroxyalkylations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"723 ","pages":"Article 123922"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural engineering of matrimid using an amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane crosslinker to enhance CO2 permeability","authors":"Zelalem Gudeta Abdi ,&nbsp;Fan Feng ,&nbsp;Yueh-Han Huang ,&nbsp;Tsung-Han Huang ,&nbsp;Ching-Han Chou ,&nbsp;Qing-Yun Chou ,&nbsp;Tai-Shung Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyimides have been utilized for gas separation because of their high gas diffusivity selectivity. Matrimid is one of glassy polyimides that show high selectivity for CO₂/light gases. However, its applications for gas separation have been limited due to its low gas permeability. We report here a novel and facile method to enhance its gas permeability by crosslinking it with high molecular weight poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(3-aminopropyl) terminated (PDMS-NH₂). PDMS-NH₂ was chosen because of its known high gas permeability due to its flexible siloxane linkages. The structural rearrangement and chemical interactions between Matrimid and PDMS-NH₂ were investigated using various characterization methods. Both XRD and position annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) results confirmed that the d-spacing and fractional free volume (FFV) significantly increased after incorporating PDMS-NH₂ into the Matrimid polymer matrix. The EDX elemental mapping of both top and cross-sectional surfaces show uniform distributions of elements. The resultant membranes display synergistic separation performance, not only exhibiting high gas permeability but also maintaining high CO₂/N₂ selectivity close to Matrimid. Specifically, the additions of 10, 25, and 50 wt% of PDMS-NH₂ into the Matrimid matrix enhance the CO₂ permeability from the initial 12.01 to 58.22, 82.60, and 260.51 Barrer, respectively (i.e., increasing CO₂ permeability by about 385 %, 588 %, and 2069 %, respectively) without much compromise in CO₂/N₂ selectivity. Interestingly, the mixed gas tests have higher CO₂/N₂ selectivity than those pure gas tests, possibly due to strong interactions between CO₂ and the amine groups of PDMS-NH₂. In addition, the plasticization phenomenon of the Matrimid/PDMS-NH₂ membranes reduces due to the less CO₂ adsorption. Dual-mode sorption analyses indicate the shift of separation mechanism from a diffusivity-selectivity controlled one in the Matrimid membrane to a solubility-selectivity controlled one in the 50/50 Matrimid/PDMS-NH₂ membrane. Comparing with other studies, the newly developed membranes show a relatively higher CO₂ permeability, while exhibiting a comparable CO₂/N₂ selectivity. This study may provide new insights to design advanced polymeric membrane materials for CO₂ capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"722 ","pages":"Article 123923"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly permeable MOF NH2-MIL-101(Cr) fragment membranes for CO2/N2 separation","authors":"Yunqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Ye Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinlei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes with proper pore size distribution and functional groups are generally more suitable for separation. Most MOFs are characterized by a hierarchical pore structure, which possesses large cavities surrounded by small windows. Fabrication of MOF membranes only retaining microporous fragment structure is a workable method to narrow pore size distribution. In this study, well-grown NH₂-MIL-101(Cr) fragment membranes were fabricated for CO₂ separation by adjusting acetic acid – ligand – metal ratio to balance the nucleation and growth. NH₂-MIL-101(Cr) fragment has a similar chemical structure to NH₂-MIL-101(Cr) as expected, but only small pores with size around 0.56 nm is retained. The NH₂-MIL-101(Cr) fragment membranes exhibited CO₂/N₂ selectivity of about 37 with CO₂ permeance up to 6104 GPU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"722 ","pages":"Article 123918"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the role of polypropylene interactions with lithium fluoride solutions: Insights into crystallization dynamics and membrane behaviour","authors":"Giuseppe Prenesti ,&nbsp;Alfredo Cassano ,&nbsp;Agostino Lauria ,&nbsp;Alessio Caravella ,&nbsp;Francesca Macedonio ,&nbsp;Elena Tocci","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating demand for lithium, driven by its pivotal role in electronic devices and lithium-ion batteries, underscores the urgent need for sustainable lithium recovery methods. Recycling lithium from spent batteries represents a promising strategy to meet this demand; however, a detailed understanding of crystallization processes in the presence of functional interfaces remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present a novel investigation into the role of polypropylene (PP) membranes in controlling the crystallization dynamics of lithium fluoride (LiF) from ionic solutions.</div><div>Using a combined computational and experimental approach, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to compare bulk crystallization with crystallization occurring at the membrane interface. Our results reveal that the membrane deeply influences the crystallization process, increasing induction times and reducing nucleation and growth rates, which indicates a more controlled and structured crystal formation. Notably, the presence of the membrane enhances the crystallinity of the formed crystals, likely due to its structuring effect on the surrounding ionic environment. To assess the impact of the ionic solution on the membrane, we further analyzed morphological parameters and conducted experimental validation. The polypropylene membrane demonstrated exceptional robustness, retaining its structural stability and hydrophobicity, as confirmed by contact angle measurements, even after prolonged exposure to the solution. Experimental trends in nucleation times, crystal morphology, and membrane behavior align closely with the computational findings, reinforcing the reliability of our results.</div><div>This study introduces a novel perspective on the interactions between membranes and crystallizing ionic systems, providing fundamental insights into the role of membrane interfaces in influencing crystallization dynamics. The findings pave the way for optimized membrane-based processes, offering valuable knowledge to advance sustainable lithium recovery technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"723 ","pages":"Article 123905"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arming nanofibers with MnO2 nanosheets for fast and durable removal of ozone and particulate matter from air","authors":"Chencheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xuzheng Ji,&nbsp;Ye Bian,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor air pollution, including particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O₃), is a significant threat to public health. Membrane separation is considered to be an effective strategy to control air pollutants. However, the development of multifunctional membrane for efficiently eliminating PM and O₃ remains challenging. Herein, upon a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction, Cl-doped MnO₂ nanosheets were assembled onto electrospun nanofibrous membranes to achieve effective air purification of PM and O₃ with low resistance. The MnO₂ composed of layered ultrathin nanosheets increased the particle attachment points, and enriched the pore structure and roughness of nanofibers, thereby achieving excellent filtration efficiency of PM_0.3 (&gt;95 %) and maintaining low pressure drop (40 Pa). In addition, the introduction of Cl element in PI/MnO₂ (PI/MnO₂–Cl) nanofibrous membranes created a large specific surface area, high redox property, and abundant water-resistant oxygen vacancy (Ov), which accelerated the desorption of intermediates and reduced the water adsorption during O₃ conversion. Notably, the optimized catalytic membranes exhibited a stable O₃ decomposition efficiency of 94.5 % under a relative humidity (RH) of 90 %. This work provides a potential new strategy to fabricate modified MnO₂-based dual-function nanofibrous membranes for PM trapping and O₃ decomposition with sustained low airflow resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"722 ","pages":"Article 123915"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically conductive laser-induced graphene engraved Janus membrane for membrane distillation","authors":"Farah Rahman Omi ,&nbsp;Masoud Rastgar ,&nbsp;Afrouz Yousefi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Mohseni ,&nbsp;Waralee Dilokekunakul ,&nbsp;Matthias Wessling ,&nbsp;Mohtada Sadrzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically conductive membranes (ECMs) show significant potential in overcoming wetting and pore-blocking challenges in membrane distillation (MD) processes. In this study, a novel Janus ECM has been developed by laser-induced graphene (LIG) engraving technique on a polyamide-imide (PAI) membrane, complemented by a silica-infused PVDF layer on the opposite side to create a unique 'sandwich' structure. The Janus structure integrates the hydrophilicity of the LIG layer with the hydrophobicity of the PVDF layer, facilitating efficient vapor flux. The optimized membrane achieved electrical conductivity of 142 ± 1.5 S/cm, water vapor flux of 11.3 ± 0.56 LMH, and 99.77 ± 0.1 % salt rejection. Its underwater oleophobicity effectively resisted wetting by surfactants and oil-water emulsions. Furthermore, applying a cathodic potential of 3V enhanced the electrostatic interactions between organic foulants and the membrane surface, reducing fouling and achieving a minimal flux decline of 2.45 %/hr over 6 h. Experiments on mineral scaling mitigation revealed that AC electric fields outperformed DC fields. A square waveform at 5Hz frequency achieved over 99 % salt rejection with minimal flux decline for monovalent and multivalent ion solutions, attributed to enhanced electrophoretic mixing under the AC field. A long-term test with the monovalent salt solution under AC/1V/5Hz(square waveform) exhibited excellent flux with a minimum flux decline of 1.35 %/hr after 18 h of experiment with no significant change in the membrane LIG structure. The in-situ LIG engraving process and the membrane's adaptability to varying electric field applications highlight its potential for large-scale use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"722 ","pages":"Article 123916"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superhydrophilic modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membrane by a novel miniemulsion template method","authors":"Zhichao Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Hao ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Qingyun Wu ,&nbsp;Jianjun Yang ,&nbsp;Jiuyi Liu ,&nbsp;Jianan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the hydrophilic modification of PTFE hollow fiber membranes, the modifying substances often block the pores upon crosslinking. This blockage can lead to unsatisfactory water flux, despite the enhanced hydrophilicity of the membranes. Herein, we proposed a miniemulsion template method to solve the above problems, where water soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde (GA) were selected to modify the PTFE membrane. The PTFE membrane was premoistened with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and then immersed in a miniemulsion template environment. The miniemulsion droplets and PVA macromolecules gradually diffused into the membrane pores and occupied the membrane voids to realize the displacement with IPA. The PVA macromolecules distributed around the miniemulsion droplets reacted with the crosslinking agent to form a crosslinked network that coated the membrane fibers. After removing the miniemulsion template, the occupied voids were released, thus providing channels for water transport and preventing pore blockage following the crosslinking of the modified substances. The modified PTFE membrane exhibits superior hydrophilicity and high water flux. The water flux can reach 1624.64 ± 20.82 L/(m²·h) at the operating pressure of 0.04 MPa. After 16 days of soaking in strong acid (pH = 2), strong alkali (pH = 12), and a strong oxidizing agent (2000 ppm NaClO), the modified membrane retains its hydrophilic properties, demonstrating excellent chemical stability, better antifouling, and oil-water separation performance. Therefore, the modified PTFE hollow fiber membrane demonstrates significant potential for water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"722 ","pages":"Article 123920"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step fabrication of porous anion exchange membranes for acid recovery breaking acid permeability–selectivity trade-off","authors":"Haiyang Shao ,&nbsp;Zhengke Tan ,&nbsp;Yafei Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiang'an Yue ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Weixiong Jian ,&nbsp;Longqiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaocheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diffusion dialysis (DD) presents a highly promising and cost-efficient approach for acid recovery, yet its performance is often hindered by the acid permeability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). To address this challenge, a one-step approach has been developed to fabricate porous AEMs. Using brominated polyphenylene oxide (BPPO) as the porous base membrane, imidazole is employed for in-situ crosslinking and cationization. This approach not only retains the inherent porosity (&gt;63.5 %) of the base membrane but also achieves an exceptionally thin selective layer (&lt;0.3 μm), thereby creating abundant free space volume. Through a concurrent enhancement of ion transport sites and crosslinking density, the membrane effectively breaks acid permeability–selectivity trade-off. The optimal IPPO-20h AEM demonstrates a remarkable increase in both the acid dialysis coefficient (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>U</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></msub></mrow></math></span> = 34.1 × 10⁻³ m/h) and separation factor (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = 573.8) in the HCl/FeCl₂ system, with enhancements of 4- and 31-fold, respectively, compared to the commercial DF120 AEM, at 25 °C. This high-performance AEM, synthesized via a straightforward and mild process, offers significant potential for large-scale acid recovery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"723 ","pages":"Article 123913"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}