Journal of Membrane Science最新文献

{"title":"Polytertiary amine nanofiltration membranes with exceptional alkali resistance for lignin/lye separation","authors":"Zilin Zhao ,&nbsp;Wangxi Fang ,&nbsp;Youcai Chen ,&nbsp;Shoujian Gao ,&nbsp;Yuzhang Zhu ,&nbsp;Jian Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin, the second most abundant biomass resource, is widely utilized across various industries. Lye extraction is a prevalent approach for extracting lignin, but it needs to consume a lot of acid to neutralize the lye and precipitate the lignin products, resulting in a tremendous waste of acid and alkali. Direct separation of lignin and lye through nanofiltration technology can significantly reduce the consumption of acid and alkali. However, the development of nanofiltration membranes with sufficient alkali resistance for processing lignin and lye remains a challenge. Herein, we report the fabrication of polytertiary amine (PTA) nanofiltration membranes with exceptional alkali resistance <em>via</em> interfacial polymerization of piperazine and 1,3,5-tris-bromomethyl-benzene. PTA membranes maintained stable nanofiltration performance after immersion in alkaline solutions for 30 days and exhibited nearly unchanged lignin rejection even in NaOH solutions with concentrations of up to 5 mol L⁻¹. During the separation of lignin and lye, PTA membranes demonstrated high lignin rejection of 95 % and low NaOH rejection below 15 %, along with a high water permeance of 14 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹. Quantitative lignin/lye separation using the PTA membrane achieved 80 % recovery of the lye with a NaOH purity of 98.4 %, simultaneously concentrating the lignin sixfold. This work opens a new approach to developing durable nanofiltration membranes for sustainable lignin extraction and separation applications in alkaline environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124652"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of nanocomposite coating on PVDF membrane via in-situ electrostatic crosslinking toward oil-water separation","authors":"Xiaolong Xu ,&nbsp;Wangluo Liu ,&nbsp;Jialu Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Guan ,&nbsp;Lijuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Runnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface modification of membranes with inorganic nanomaterials presents an effective approach to fabricating antifouling oil-water separation membranes. In this study, we develops an in-situ electrostatic crosslinking method to fabricate oil-water separation membranes with nanocomposite coatings. The carboxyl-grafted F127(F127–COOH) is dissolved in the casting solution, while the quaternary ammonium group-modified SiO₂ nanoparticles (SiO₂-Q) are dispersed in the coagulation bath. During the NIPS, F127–COOH anchors SiO₂-Q on the membrane surface through in-situ electrostatic crosslinking, leading to the construction of a hydrophilic nanocomposite coating. The optimal membrane exhibits a permeance of up to 775 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, a flux decline rate as low as 4.7 %, and a flux recovery rate as high as 99.1 %, showing excellent antifouling performance. In addition, the prepared membrane exhibits outstanding self-cleaning property against high-viscosity crude oil. This work presents a facile method for membrane surface modification using functionalized nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124647"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic limits on charge selectivity in ultrahigh charge density polymer membranes","authors":"David Kitto ,&nbsp;José C. Díaz ,&nbsp;Nathan Bryant ,&nbsp;Carolina Espinoza ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn Zamora ,&nbsp;Jovan Kamcev","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) with ultrahigh charge densities offer the promise of enhanced ion transport for electrochemical technologies, yet the fundamental limits of this membrane design strategy are not yet understood. In this work, we present a systematic study of bis(1-vinyl-3-imidazolium) cross-linked polymer membranes with fixed charge contents ranging from 6 to 9 mol/L[dry polymer], synthesized to isolate the effects of charge density at constant membrane water content. While ionic conductivity increases monotonically with increasing charge density, a sharp decline in charge selectivity is observed for the most densely charged membranes, defying conventional expectations. Structural, thermal, and mechanical analyses reveal a critical onset of network disruption and anomalous ion partitioning behavior in these densely charged membranes. With proper consideration of cross-linker geometry, these results are interpreted using Manning's counter-ion condensation theory, which suggests that closely packed charged cross-linkers amplify inter-chain electrostatic interactions and trigger excess counter-ion condensation. Our findings suggest that, beyond a threshold spacing between fixed charges, increased functionalization may harm rather than help charge selectivity of IEMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124651"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning pore structure and hydrophilicity of high-performance loose nanofiltration membrane via sequential boroxine/boronate crosslinking strategy","authors":"Xinzhao Luo ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Mengyao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaqi Dong ,&nbsp;Haisheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yicheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes with precise molecular sieving and good permeability are ideal for dye/salt separation, where tuning the microporous structure is essential for performance enhancement. Herein, a facile “layer-by-layer” approach <em>via</em> cross-linking of polyhydroxy polymer and boronic acid-decorated polymers on PAN substrates was developed to construct LNF membranes. Sequential vacuum-assisted dip-coating enabled dual cross-linking: dehydration-induced condensation of B–OH to form boroxine, and boronate ester formation between residual B–OH and vicinal diols. Precise tuning of selective layer pore size and hydrophilicity was achieved by regulating the dip-coating concentration and cross-linking sequences. The optimized membrane exhibited excellent permeability (36.2 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹) and high selectivity (NaCl/DR23 separation factor up to 1278.3), along with outstanding anti-fouling performance (<em>FRR</em> &gt;94.1 %) against multiple contaminants. Notably, the water-stable boroxine-boronate polymer layer maintained stable separation performance during continuous operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124621"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of novel omniphobic polypropylene membrane for efficient direct contact membrane distillation of produced water","authors":"Shadi Elahi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Pourafshari Chenar ,&nbsp;Malihe Sabzekar ,&nbsp;Mathias Ulbricht","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the main challenges in the membrane distillation (MD) process are the membrane wetting and fouling, which significantly hinder the long-term treatment of produced water containing high salinity, hydrocarbons and surfactants. To address these limitations, a robust omniphobic polypropylene (PP) membrane through a two-step modification process was fabricated. First, a PP membrane, prepared via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method, was spray-coated with a solution containing amine-functionalized silica (NH₂-SiO₂) nanoparticles (NP) and an epoxy polymer resin, followed by a curing step. NH₂-SiO₂ NP were immobilized onto the PP substrate via crosslinking between the amine groups and the epoxy groups of the polymer resin and adhesion property of the epoxy resin. In the second step, surface fluorination was performed using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDTES) to produce a hierarchically rough coating with low surface energy. The influence of NH₂-SiO₂ NP concentration in the spray-coating dispersion was thoroughly evaluated with respect to its effect on the morphology, pore size distribution, surface chemical structure and water contact angle of the membranes, as well as separation performance. It was demonstrated that at NP concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75 wt%, the resulting PP-based membranes exhibited high contact angles (&gt;120 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>) against liquids with diverse surface tensions, indicating excellent omniphobicity. The anti-wetting and anti-fouling performance of all membranes were assessed via direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) over 50 h of continuous operation, using both synthetic and real produced water as feed. The PP membranes modified with 0.5 and 0.75 wt% NP demonstrated outstanding resistance to wetting and fouling, maintaining salt rejection above 99.99 %, whereas the pristine PP membranes exhibited wetting within 13 h under the same conditions. The feasibility of pure water recovery (71 % over a 50-h DCMD run) from a real highly saline produced water originating from an oil field was also demonstrated. In summary, the developed PP membrane showed a great potential for membrane distillation in the practical treatment of challenging oily wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124632"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid synthesis of highly-crystalline and dense covalent organic framework membranes via regulating the nucleation, growth and assembly processes","authors":"Xin Lai,&nbsp;Qi He,&nbsp;Jiawang Zhuo,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Xiaogeng Lin,&nbsp;Yasan He","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly-crystalline and defect-free covalent organic framework (COF) membranes are highly desired for efficient molecular separations. However, their rapid and facile synthesis remains challenging‌. The formation of COF membranes closely relates to the nucleation, growth and assembly processes of crystals. Herein, we report a universal strategy for rapidly synthesizing highly-crystalline and dense 3D/2D COF membranes via rationally regulating the nucleation, growth and assembly processes. This strategy employs the inhibitor of aniline and the controlled released catalyst to moderate nucleation rate, avoiding fast formation of amorphous particles. Meanwhile, aniline is gradually removed under the controlled heating and solvent vapor exchange, driving the growth and subsequent assembly of COF crystals into continuous films. The morphological changes of COF films with aniline dosage verified the regulation mechanism. Under optimal condition, highly-crystalline and dense membranes could be synthesized in 45 min. Typically, the synthesized COF-300/nylon membrane demonstrated 100 % rejection to Congo Red, Brilliant Blue R250 (BB), Direct Blue15 and Alcian Blue with permeance higher than 500 L m⁻² h⁻¹ MPa⁻¹. And all the five prepared 3D/2D COF membranes exhibited 100 % rejection to BB with high permeance. This work also provides a mechanistic basis for the rational design and synthesis of high-quality COF membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124631"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct effects of interlayer on organic micropollutants removal by thin-film nanocomposite membranes","authors":"Wenyu Liu ,&nbsp;Chenyue Wu ,&nbsp;Pulak Sarkar ,&nbsp;Hao Guo ,&nbsp;Li Long ,&nbsp;Shenghua Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Mei ,&nbsp;Lu Elfa Peng ,&nbsp;Chuyang Y. Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enhanced rejection of organic micropollutants (OMPs) by the interlayered thin-film nanocomposite (TFNi) membranes is commonly attributed to the polyamide layer, which is better formed under the influence of an interlayer. However, the role of the interlayer in directly serving as a barrier layer to OMPs is seldom reported. To investigate such direct effects, we adopted iron-tannic acid (Fe-TA) complex as a model interlayer targeting OMPs removal, and prepared identical polyamide nanofilms for both the control and TFNi membranes at a support-free interface to minimize the impact of interlayer on the polyamide formation. The experimental result shows that, although at the expense of sacrificing water permeance, the interlayer can directly serve as a barrier layer to some OMPs, especially those that cannot be easily removed by the polyamide layer alone, due to the inherent hotspot of polyamide material. A theoretical analysis further suggests that, to enhance the OMPs removal by exerting such direct effects, an ideal interlayer should be more intrinsically selective to OMPs and meanwhile impose moderate resistance to water compared with the polyamide layer. This work may provide insight into the role of interlayers in removing OMPs by TFNi membranes and enlighten the fit-for-purpose design of high-performance membranes toward environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124649"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible dual-stimuli responsive intelligent membrane prepared by RAFT polymerization for on-demand oil-water separation","authors":"Yanming Shao ,&nbsp;Caifeng Hao ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Huanran Feng ,&nbsp;Xuan Rong ,&nbsp;Wenli Ma ,&nbsp;Wenli Peng ,&nbsp;Mengyi Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional separation membranes suffer from performance degradation owing to fouling-induced flux decline. To overcome this limitation, this study aims to develop a precision surface engineering strategy for fabricating antifouling membranes with dynamically tunable wettability, enabling on-demand oil-water separation. Initially, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-b-vinyltrimethoxysilane) (P(DMAEMA-<em>b</em>-VTES)) were used as core materials to prepare basement membranes (PVDF/PDV) by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technology. The VTES segment enabled covalent immobilization of a reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agent through hydrolysis-condensation, facilitating subsequent surface functionalization. Specifically, poly sulfobetaine methacrylate (PSBMA) was grafted to construct superhydrophilic surfaces. The PSBMA-grafted membrane exhibited excellent separation performance, with separation flux reaching 334.6–1155.9 L m⁻² h⁻¹ and efficiency stabilized at 91.5 %–97.3 %. Capitalizing on the “living” nature of RAFT polymerization, the photo-responsive monomer trifluoromethylazobenzene methacrylate (F₃CO-AZO-MA) was further introduced to construct a dynamic wettability control layer, and the PVDF/PDVSM-4 intelligent response membrane was obtained. The membrane can flexibly switch between hydrophilic/hydrophobic and lipophilic/oleophobic properties through the dual regulation of pH and ultraviolet light. This dual-responsive behavior facilitated efficient separation of surfactant-stabilized W/O and O/W emulsions, providing a new idea for on-demand separation and membrane regeneration of complex oil-water systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124644"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of properties and performance of loose nanofiltration membrane by construction selective-degradation (CSD) strategy: low pressure driven selective separation of dye and salt","authors":"Soumen Samanta ,&nbsp;Parthapratim Bera ,&nbsp;Nirmal K. Saha ,&nbsp;Suresh K. Jewrajka","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane having exclusive salt permeability and very high organic interception capability is indispensable for resource recovery under low applied pressure. Herein, we report a facile construction selective-degradation (CSD) strategy to fabricate molecular selective membrane for high efficient fractionation of salt and dye. This strategy is based on the fabrication of polyester-polyamide (PE-PA) thin film composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes via the interfacial polymerization (IP) between trimesoyl chloride and mixture of piperazine (PIP) + resorcinol followed by selective hydrolysis of the ester linkages to obtain neat PA-based loose NF (LNF) membranes. The molecular weight cut-off, pore size, charge and permeate flux of the LNF membranes have been modulated by changing the resorcinol to PIP ratio (w w⁻¹) in the aqueous phase. The ester linkages are heterogeneously distributed in the PE-PA NF networks. Selective hydrolysis of the ester linkages generates fraction of enlarged pores in the size range of 1.5–3 nm depending on the resorcinol to PIP ratio. These enlarged pores facilitate preferential permeation of water as well as monovalent and divalent salts but able to intercept dyes effectively. The LNF membrane prepared with the resorcinol to PIP ratio of 1:0.5 w w⁻¹ followed by hydrolysis exhibits Congo red (CR) and Direct Red 80 (DR-80) (0.2–1 g L⁻¹) interception as high as ∼99.9 % in the absence or presence of salt with Na₂SO₄ (2–50 g L⁻¹) to DR-80 selectivity in the range of 600–1200. The membranes showed other dye rejection in the range of 97–99 % depending on the type of dye. The membranes exhibit steady dye/humic acid rejection and low flux decline with the filtration time. This work unveils the facile fabrication of stable LNF membranes with tunable pore size, charge and permeate flux by the CSD strategy for high performance fractionation of salt and dye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124639"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of piperazine-based monomer structure on nanofiltration membrane selectivity: A DSPM-DE analysis of nitrate transport","authors":"Nicolás Cevallos-Cueva ,&nbsp;Md. Mushfequr Rahman ,&nbsp;Hluf Hailu Kinfu ,&nbsp;Volker Abetz","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrate contamination in water supplies poses significant environmental and public health risks, necessitating the development of efficient nanofiltration (NF) membranes. We investigate the impact of two structurally distinct piperazine-based monomers (aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) and 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine (DAP)) on the morphology and nitrate separation performance of thin-film composite (TFC) NF membranes. We fabricated ten membranes via interfacial polymerization by systematically varying the concentrations of AEP or DAP to achieve distinct physicochemical characteristics. Their separation performance was evaluated through water permeance, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 200) rejection, and salt retention tests. The Donnan Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM–DE) was employed to understand the underlying ion rejection and transport mechanisms. Compared to AEP-based membranes, DAP-based membranes within the tested concentration range yielded thicker and more open structures with lower net charge density, leading to higher flux but lower nitrate selectivity. In contrast, AEP-based membranes often yielded thinner layers and stronger positive charge densities, enhancing anion partitioning. Negative nitrate retention was observed for some membranes when the net membrane charge density was close to zero. These findings underscore the crucial role of monomer structure and concentration in controlling effective pore size, charge density, and ion transport. This study provides mechanistic insights into the flux–selectivity trade-off, guiding the design of NF membranes through structurally distinct piperazine-based monomers for selective nitrate removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science","volume":"736 ","pages":"Article 124642"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}