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Differences in Perceptions of Working From Home Due to COVID 19 as Held by Shipping Carriers and Freight Forwarders 由于COVID - 19，航运公司和货运代理对在家工作的看法存在差异
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.157
Young-hwan Kim, Hee-chan Ryu, Keun-sik Park
{"title":"Differences in Perceptions of Working From Home Due to COVID 19 as Held by Shipping Carriers and Freight Forwarders","authors":"Young-hwan Kim, Hee-chan Ryu, Keun-sik Park","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.157","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present empirical data so that a long-term policy on working from home policy can be established by examining the differences in the perceptions of telecommuting that are held by freight forwarders and shipping companies and which were formed due to COVID-19. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: We investigated the current status of freight forwarders and shipping companies, and selected from previous reviews the factors on telecommuting. Using a Likert five-point scale, a survey was conducted with executives and employees of freight forwarders and shipping companies. A difference test analysis (t-test) was conducted based on 112 valid samples. \u0000Results: Differences in perception were significant, depending on job instability, level of communication, work efficiency, and work performance. Overall, freight forwarder employees had a higher impact than shipping company employees on the remaining factors, except for work performance. \u0000Conclusions: This study suggests the necessity of a telecommuting policy based on analysis results and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"135 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131109556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Consolidation Logistics Service Quality on Chinese Consumers’ Intention to Repurchase 整合物流服务质量对中国消费者再购买意愿的影响
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.121
Mia Su
{"title":"The Impact of Consolidation Logistics Service Quality on Chinese Consumers’ Intention to Repurchase","authors":"Mia Su","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study proposes a consumer-relevant evaluation system for the quality of consolidation logistics services based on the four qualities of timeliness, dependability, economy, and convenience. It also investigates the relationship between these aspects and consumers' intentions to reuse in order to increase their intentions to reuse. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This paper collects the opinions of 514 customers of consolidation logistics services, and employs structural equation modeling to examine the influence of service quality on consumers' reuse intentions across four dimensions. \u0000Results: Consolidation logistics ser vice providers that demonstrate punctualit y, dependability, economical approaches, and convenience are better able to entice clients to employ their services regularly. \u0000Conclusions: Consolidation logistics service providers that demonstrate punctuality, dependability, economical approaches, and convenience are better able to entice clients to employ their services regularly.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134207567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Counterclaims under International Investment Arbitration 国际投资仲裁的反诉
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.69
Jae-woo Lee
{"title":"Counterclaims under International Investment Arbitration","authors":"Jae-woo Lee","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study analyzes counterclaims arising in the course of international arbitration proceedings, especially investor-state arbitration. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This paper mainly relies on arbitration awards based on investment treaties to reveal how counterclaims have been dealt with in the investment arbitration context. \u0000Results: Although counterclaims are well known in international arbitral proceedings, they raise special issues when it comes to investment arbitration, especially when they are based on treaties that recognize only rights, and not obligations, of private parties. \u0000Conclusions: A counterclaim may be a way of rebalancing investment law by allowing states to file claims against investors. However, certain conditions that must be fulfilled are not easily combined with the special features of investment arbitration. Future investment treaties should provide explicit provisions for the obligations of investors based on which contracting states may bring counterclaims. This could be a way of addressing the drawbacks that have been recently formulated against investment arbitration.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129255373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Study on Trade Damage and Trade Adjustment Assistance(TAA) 贸易损害与贸易调整援助研究
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.31
Jung-ran Cho, Altantsetseg Balgansuren, S. Chae
{"title":"A Study on Trade Damage and Trade Adjustment Assistance(TAA)","authors":"Jung-ran Cho, Altantsetseg Balgansuren, S. Chae","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper tries to evaluate Korea's Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) system and proposes measures to more faithfully implement amendments to the TAA legislation from 2022. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This paper focuses on the regulations related to the TAA system, and on the problems that may arise from the regulations. \u0000Results: TAA support is allowed only when damage caused by the opening of trade is proven and confirmed. But it is very difficult for most small and medium-sized companies to prove trade damage. \u0000Conclusions: While the TAA system is designed to support trade-damaged companies, it should also include policies that focus on restructuring the business of a damaged company.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129487032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applicability of a Fork-in-the-Road Clause and the Res Judicata Principle in International Commercial Arbitration 分路条款与既判力原则在国际商事仲裁中的适用
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.103
Jia-Jia Liu, Nak-hyun Han
{"title":"Applicability of a Fork-in-the-Road Clause and the Res Judicata Principle in International Commercial Arbitration","authors":"Jia-Jia Liu, Nak-hyun Han","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: By analyzing the res judicata principle and the fork-in-the-road clause, which are frequently at issue in international commercial arbitration, this study presents the implications related to these clauses after analysis of Iberdrola v. Guatemala (II). \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This study mainly adopts the literature research method, and utilizes domestic and foreign literature as well as Internet data. \u0000Results: ① The issue of res judicata was decided based on international law and the law of the place of arbitration (Swiss law). ② Based on the triple identity test, the ICSID recognized the arbitration’s denial of jurisdiction under the res judicata principle, and the UNCITRAL claimant was blocked in arbitration. \u0000Conclusions: It is meaningful that it was decided that the respondent country does not have the right to file a counterclaim, saying that the former takes precedence in cases where the investment treaty and the arbitration rules contradict each other.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128261225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Umbrella and Most Favored Nation Clauses Related to Restrictions Imposed on the Ratione Materiae of an Arbitration Clause 与仲裁条款的属事事由限制有关的总括条款和最惠国条款的适用
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.85
Y. Hur, Jaewoong Yoon
{"title":"Application of Umbrella and Most Favored Nation Clauses Related to Restrictions Imposed on the Ratione Materiae of an Arbitration Clause","authors":"Y. Hur, Jaewoong Yoon","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study analyses the umbrella clause and the most favored nation clause by focusing on A11Y Ltd. v. Czech Republic issued under international commercial arbitration. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: Typical case analysis deals with the issues surrounding the selection of applicable cases for international commercial arbitration. \u0000Results: Under the arbitration clause, which explicitly excludes disputes regarding the FET clause and the non-discrimination clause, it is not acceptable to invoke both clauses through an umbrella clause. \u0000Conclusions: Above all, from the facts of this case, it is thought that even if the jurisdiction is expanded, difficulties accompany the complete citation of a claim on the merits. Regarding a non-discrimination obligation, the Tribunal denies the distinction of administrative rules in the context of expropriation. On the other hand, the inappropriate behavior of the Labor Bureau is acknowledged, and there is room for violation of FET or the obligation to prohibit investment damage.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116382886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Green Networking Technology on Green SCM Efficiency and Competitive Advantages of Korean Clothing Export Manufacturers 绿色网络技术对韩国服装出口企业绿色供应链管理效率及竞争优势的影响
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.139
Chang-bong Kim, Yu-Jin Oh, Dae-Jung Nam
{"title":"The Effect of Green Networking Technology on Green SCM Efficiency and Competitive Advantages of Korean Clothing Export Manufacturers","authors":"Chang-bong Kim, Yu-Jin Oh, Dae-Jung Nam","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.139","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The effect from the green networking technology of domestic clothing exporters is analyzed for competitive advantage as they improve efficiency arising from green SCM. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to domestic clothing export manufacturers. The research model was designed by exploring the literature and examining in-depth interviews with experts. The SPSS PROCESS macro (model 7) was used for analysis. \u0000Results: First, the level of green networking technology did not significantly affect competitive advantage. Second, green networking technology significantly increased green SCM efficiency. Third, green SCM efficiency significantly increased competitive advantage. Lastly, green relationship quality significantly adjusted the effect of green networking technology on competitive advantage. \u0000Conclusions: The higher the relationship quality, the lower the probability of resource replacement, making it difficult to be efficient. As a result, Korean clothing firms should break away from customs, form new partnerships, and achieve competitive advantage.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133851986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arbitration of Investment Agreements Related to Measures of Importing Countries in Goods Trade under Free Trade Agreements: Vento v. Mexico 自由贸易协定下货物贸易中与进口国措施有关的投资协定仲裁:Vento诉墨西哥案
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.233
Seo-Rim Kim
{"title":"Arbitration of Investment Agreements Related to Measures of Importing Countries in Goods Trade under Free Trade Agreements: Vento v. Mexico","authors":"Seo-Rim Kim","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study analyzes issues over the national treatment clause, the most favored nation clause, and jurisdiction in international commercial arbitration under free trade agreements. Based on these clauses, implications after analyzing Vento v. Mexico are presented. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: Adopting the literature research method, this study utilizes major related papers and Internet data. \u0000Results: For discriminatory application of an import restriction, an investor would need to identify other investors using the same trade agreement on which it is based, and must demonstrate that the import restriction does not likewise apply to these other investors. However, in this case, there is also a limitation in that it is more difficult for an investor who uses a unique business model that other investors do not use, to make a claim based on discriminatory treatment. \u0000Conclusions: The claimant in this case filed for ① discriminatory treatment by the Mexican government (breach of NT/MFN) and ② MST breach (lack of due process, etc.) by the Mexican government, but all of them were rejected.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133566830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Korea's Export Competitiveness with Indonesia and the Utilization of the Korea-Indonesia CEPA 韩国对印尼出口竞争力分析与韩印尼CEPA的运用
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.197
Sung-Ryong Kim
{"title":"Analysis of Korea's Export Competitiveness with Indonesia and the Utilization of the Korea-Indonesia CEPA","authors":"Sung-Ryong Kim","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.197","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study analyzes the export competitiveness of Korean products in the Indonesian market. It suggests ways to use the Korea-Indonesia CEPA. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: Export statistics on the main products in auto parts and the steel and petrochemical industries are extracted in terms of HS 4 units from the International Trade Centre Trade Map. The Trade Specialization Index (TSI) is calculated for Korea and Indonesia, and the Market Comparative Advantage (MCA) index is calculated for Korea and ASEAN countries in the Indonesian market. \u0000Results: From analyzing the TSI, Korea is dominant in the Indonesian market. Under the MCA index, compared to ASEAN countries, Korea had an absolute advantage in steel products. However, the petrochemical sector is competitive, and the auto parts industry is inferior. \u0000Conclusions: The automotive parts industry and the steel products industry are predicted to increase their competitiveness, but the analysis showed it will not be easy. In addition, the petrochemical sector should be more aggressive in marketing Korean companies by using the KI-CEPA, because local companies in Indonesia are increasingly competitive.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"125 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129743484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of the Rules of Origin on Imported Goods under the Korea-China FTA and the APTA 韩中自贸协定和亚太自由贸易协定下进口货物原产地规则的适用
Korean Academy Of International Commerce Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.49
Seung-yeon Yun
{"title":"Application of the Rules of Origin on Imported Goods under the Korea-China FTA and the APTA","authors":"Seung-yeon Yun","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper compares and analyzes the rules of origin for the Korea-China FTA and the APTA, which are in effect between Korea and China, and are often mistaken for the same agreement. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This paper uses comparative legal methods and case analysis focusing on the Korea-China FTA and APTA origin regulations. \u0000Results: There are differences in the tariff reduction method, target items, country-oforigin standards, and follow-up applications to the tariffs under the Korea-China FTA and APTA. \u0000Conclusions: The Korea-China FTA and APTA are similar, but there are some differences, so it is necessary to compare and choose which agreement is more advantageous when applying tariffs on imported goods.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126889802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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