{"title":"The EU’s CBAM Implications for Korea’s GVC Exports","authors":"Jin-chae Yoo","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.253","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to measure the implications of the EU’s CBAM for Korea’s GVC exports, since Korea is ranked fifth in GVC participation and is the EU’s major trading partner. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This paper uses data from the OECD’s “Carbon dioxide emissions embodied in international trade” (TECO2), the IEA-EDGAR CO2, and the OECD’s Trade in Value Added (TiVA). It also uses the total probability formula and Bayes’ theorem to analyze much of the statistical data. \u0000Results: The world’s top 10 carbon emitters are China, the U.S.A., Russia, India, Japan, Germany, Canada, Korea, the U.K., and Iran, accounting for 66% of global CO2 emissions between 1990 and 2020. The top 10 CO2 emitters are also ranked highest by their share of GVC participation, with a 22.09% influence on CO2 emissions from GVC trade. China and the U.S.A. affect most of the countries they trade with, including Korea, when it comes to CO2 embodied in intermediate and final GVC goods. \u0000Conclusions: China, the U.S.A., Japan, and India are the closest trading partners to Korea under the GVC structure. These four countries, as top CO2 emitters, are highly interconnected with other trading partners, which means damage from the EU CBAM can have ripple effects on their partners, especially Korea. Therefore, Korea needs to develop and apply carbonreducing technology to achieve export competitiveness in response to potential EU CBAM implications.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126300248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of USA-China Trade War on Seaborne Trade Volume","authors":"Min-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.177","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of trade conflicts between China and the U.S.A. on Korean seaborne export and import volumes. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: This study employs input-output analysis (i.e. value-added and maritime volume inducing effects) that combined ADB multi-regional input-output tables with port management information system (Port-MIS) statistics from the year 2021. \u0000Results: Analysis results reveal that the China-US trade conflict induced a large drop in seaborne trade volumes of electrical and optical equipment, chemicals and chemical products, and other nonmetallic minerals. From perspectives on the impact of the USChina trade war, the variable of seaborne trade volume has more elasticity than value-added variables. \u0000Conclusions: C ombination o f A DB m ulti-regional i nput-output t ables w ith P ort-MIS statistics will expand the scope of trade research. It is expected that the formulated model will contribute to helping forecast seaborne trade volumes according to varying global trade conditions.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116341748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the CMS for Korea's Major Exports to Australia and New Zealand: Comparisons with China and Japan","authors":"Yilang Zhao, Kong-Woo La","doi":"10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.1.215","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the international competitiveness of Korea's 20 major export items to the Australian and New Zealand markets with those of China and Japan. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, trade statistics are extracted from the UN Comtrade database and are analyzed using Constant Market Share (CMS) and Market Share models for each item. \u0000Results: Korea's share of the Australian market is strong, and Korea's share of HS2710 and HS7210 in the New Zealand market is relatively high, and appears to be trending up. Looking at the overall changes in CMS for Korea, China, and Japan in Australia, Korea and Japan show a gradual decrease, while China shows a significant increase in some items. \u0000Conclusions: Korea needs a strategy to strengthen competitiveness for items in which the market share of rival countries is increasing, and should use a business model that can utilize a RCEP.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117173996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvement of the Export Finance System according to Changes in the Global Economic Order: Focus on SMEs in Korea","authors":"Jae-seong Kim","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.141","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : This study presents a plan to enhance the competitiveness of SME exporters by identifying problems in the domestic export finance system in accordance with changes in the global economic order. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology : Reviews of previous studies in the literature are related to domestic export finance support system, and analysis of work procedures in export finance support institutions. \u0000Results : This study analyzes how the current export finance support system is somewhat insufficient in terms of policies that enhance the export competitiveness of SMEs in a rapidly changing trade environment. \u0000Conclusions : In order to improve Korea's export finance support system, it is necessary to establish a one-stop financial service system to support a response to the trade paradigm shift, to encourage induction of services in the manufacturing industry, to diversify support programs suitable for the characteristics of SMEs, and to integrate support systems by institution. All are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123514210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trademark Infringement Judgments and Restriction of OEM Production in China","authors":"Seung-yeon Yun","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.163","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : There are frequent cases in which foreign companies or individuals unfairly infringe on trademarks that are not registered abroad. In particular, in the case of OEMs, trademarks are maliciously pre-registered in China by those illegally seeking profits. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology : This paper analyzes the unauthorized possession of trademarks and infringement of trademarks in China, focusing on OEMs and based on Chinese law and court rulings. \u0000Results : When Korean companies infringe on trademarks, effective government-level measures should be devised to minimize damage to companies and respond to disputes. \u0000Conclusions : Cases of trademark infringement due to malicious trademark registration in China frequently emerge, which is a problem. In particular, because this results in the seizure of export products due to infringement, trademarks should be registered first in China.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122954487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Affecting Selection of Types of Freight Forwarder Based On Outsourcing Motivation","authors":"Myungsik Lee, Hee-chan Ryu, Choong-bae Lee","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.41","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : The purpose of this study is to present implications from analyzing the type of forwarder selected based on the outsourcing motivations of shippers. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology : This study separates logistics outsourcing motivational factors and types of forwarders into small and large, domestic and global, general and specialized. A questionnaire targets practitioners who have experience in business relationships with forwarders. Logistic regression analysis is used to test the research hypotheses. \u0000Results : We found that shippers who pursue freight rate reduction as a motive for outsourcing prefer domestic companies, SMEs, and general logistics companies. Companies that promote outsourcing to focus on their core business have a high preference for domestic companies, large companies, and specialized logistics companies. Shippers motivated by a logistics capacity tend to outsource to foreign companies, large corporations, and general logistics companies. Based on the motivating factors for service improvement, we found that outsourcing to domestic companies, large enterprises, and general logistics companies is preferred. \u0000Conclusions : Overall, the preferences for domestic companies, large enterprises, and general logistics companies in logistics outsourcing factors are higher than for foreign companies, SMEs, and specialized logistics companies.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126485381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on the Activation Policy for Yeosu Oil Hub Using AHP","authors":"Maowei Chen, Hyangsook Lee, Kyongjun Yun","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.87","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies to activate the oil hub in the port of Yeosu by using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) analysis. \u0000Research design, data and methodology : This paper derives operational strategies for the Yeosu port oil hub through a literature review and expert opinions. Then, the AHP investigation was conducted with 30 experts. \u0000Results : AHP survey results, show that ‘infrastructure construction’ was evaluated as the most important major category, followed by ‘policy improvement and preparation’ and ‘business environment creation’. The important sub-categories are 'securing public berthing facilities'. securing public oil ternimals, and 'Expanding the oil hub hinterland'. \u0000Conclusions : The construction of berthing facilities and oil terminals is most urgent in order to revitalize the oil hub in the port of Yeosu. It is also necessary to improve regulations and prepare support policies.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128759158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in Korea's Trade Structure Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"TaeKun Ahn","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic was not a problem in any particular country or a microscopic problem limited to any one field. Human beings around the world have faced the risk of infectious diseases and all countries around the world have implemented policies to respond to them. This study attempted to respond to changes in the international trade environment in the post-COVID-19 era by realistically and objectively grasping and analyzing the product trade structure after COVID-19. \u0000Research design, data, methodology : Commodity trade conditions and trade patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed, and how these various situations due to COVID-19 affect the trade structure were analyzed. \u0000Results : As a result of the analysis of the trade structure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it shows a different market share, trade concentration index, and trade specialization index than before the pandemic. This phenomenon is generally seen in countries such as China, the United States, Vietnam, Japan, India, and Singapore, which are major trading partners of Korea. \u0000Conclusions : As the export specialization of machinery and electrical equipment, Korea's main export items, is decreasing, it is necessary to accurately identify the causes and reasons of the weakened product line at the corporate level and establish a response strategy. In addition, it is necessary to establish various support measures to strengthen Korea's export competitiveness in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128365387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issues and Responses for Asia Pacific Digital Trade Activation","authors":"Nak-hyun Han","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : This paper addresses emerging topics in designing effective and appropriate policy responses with limited existing regulations in place and with clear challenges ahead that effectively address movement of data and data localization. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology : In this study, a literature research method is adopted mainly to analyze the response to digital trade in the Asia-Pacific region. \u0000Results : Effective and efficient regulatory policies can support continuing economic growth in the digital economy. Poorly managed or badly implemented policies, by contrast, can easily disrupt the continuing growth of digital trade. In particular, problematic policies and regulations can make it difficult or impossible for the smallest firms in Asia to continue to share in the fastest growing sectors of the economy. \u0000Conclusions : Given the overwhelming importance of small firms to every country in Asia, failure to create supportive policies for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) will impede the region’s attempts to create sustainable and inclusive trade for the future. Digital trade is the future of trade. It binds countries together. Done well, it allows the smallest firm the opportunity to become a micro-multinational company with customers and suppliers around the globe. Done poorly, digital policies can trap firms and customers into sub-standard outcomes.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114242992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Internal Marketing on Service Quality from Domestic Transportation Logistics Companies: Mediation of Job Satisfaction and the Moderating Effect of Self-efficacy","authors":"Jinho Noh, Jeong-hwan Kim","doi":"10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.4.63","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of internal marketing on employee job satisfaction and service quality, as well as the moderating effect of self-efficacy and the mediating effect of job satisfaction, by targeting logistics companies. \u0000Research design, data, and methodology : A questionnaire targeted logistics companies registered with the Korea Integrated Logistics Association. Analysis of demographics is implemented utilizing IBM SPSS 27.0, and analysis is performed using Smart PLS 3.0. \u0000Results : Analysis found that among the internal marketing factors of logistics companies, all variables except the compensation system had a significant effect on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction factors had a significant effect on service quality. In addition, among the internal marketing factors of logistics companies, all variables except educational training have a significant effect on service quality. Among internal marketing factors, educational training and empowerment variables appear to have moderating effects on self-efficacy, and all variables among internal marketing factors (except compensation systems) appear to have a mediating effect on job satisfaction. \u0000Conclusions : Logistics companies should inform employees of the organization's common goals and values through educational training. They should provide support from various management levels, and grant decision-making rights within a certain range for smooth internal communication, providing an environment that employees can work in with a sense of responsibility.","PeriodicalId":368687,"journal":{"name":"Korean Academy Of International Commerce","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122615800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}