Global Bioethics最新文献

Can biosampling really be "non-invasive"? An examination of the socially invasive nature of physically non-invasive biosampling in urban and rural Malawi. 生物采样真的可以 "非侵入性 "吗？对马拉维城市和农村地区非侵入性生物采样的社会侵入性进行研究。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2024.2398303

Myness Kasanda Ndambo, Christopher Bunn, Martyn Pickersgill, Robert C Stewart, Amelia C Crampin, Maisha Nyasulu, Beatson Kanyenda, Wisdom Mnthali, Eric Umar, Rebecca M Reynolds, Lucinda Manda-Taylor

{"title":"Can biosampling really be \"non-invasive\"? An examination of the socially invasive nature of physically non-invasive biosampling in urban and rural Malawi.","authors":"Myness Kasanda Ndambo, Christopher Bunn, Martyn Pickersgill, Robert C Stewart, Amelia C Crampin, Maisha Nyasulu, Beatson Kanyenda, Wisdom Mnthali, Eric Umar, Rebecca M Reynolds, Lucinda Manda-Taylor","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2398303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2024.2398303","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids are understood to represent useful biomarkers of stress and can be measured in saliva, hair, and breastmilk. The collection of such biosamples is increasingly included in biobank and cohort studies. While collection is considered \"non-invasive\" by biomedical researchers (compared to sampling blood), community perspectives may differ. This cross-sectional, qualitative study utilising eight focus groups aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of collecting ostensibly \"non-invasive\" biological samples in Malawi. Breastfeeding women, couples, field workers, and healthcare providers were purposively sampled. Data about prior understandings of, barriers to, and feasibility of \"non-invasive\" biosampling were analysed. Participants described biomaterials intended for \"non-invasive\" collection as sometimes highly sensitive, with sampling procedures raising community concerns. Sampling methods framed as physically \"non-invasive\" within biomedicine can consequently be considered socially \"invasive\" by prospective sample donors. Biomedical and community framings of \"invasiveness' can therefore diverge, and the former must respond to and be informed by the perspectives of the latter. Further, considerations of collection procedures are shaped by therapeutic misconceptions about the immediate health-related utility of biomedical and public health research. When researchers engage with communities about biosampling, they must ensure they are not furthering therapeutic misconceptions and actively seek to dispel these.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"2398303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The expressivist argument for recent policy changes regarding the provision of prenatal testing in Japan. 日本最近关于提供产前检查的政策变化的表达论证。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-09-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2024.2398299

Aya Enzo

{"title":"The expressivist argument for recent policy changes regarding the provision of prenatal testing in Japan.","authors":"Aya Enzo","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2398299","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2398299","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese government and medical professionals have negative attitudes toward the provision of prenatal testing and related information due to social concern regarding discrimination against persons with disabilities. However, with the rapid increase in the number of non-invasive prenatal tests, particularly at non-certificated medical facilities, in response to the growing demand from pregnant women, the Japanese government and medical professional associations have enacted radical changes marking an active commitment to the provision of information on these services. While a major justification for these policy changes is to ensure respect for reproductive autonomy and women's self-determination, they may reinforce the concern regarding discrimination. This article investigated the argument that these new policies may reinforce discrimination and examined three objections to this argument. The results revealed that the recent policy changes, particularly for specific fetal traits, may imply a negative belief about people living with the same traits. Consequently, fundamental institutional changes are necessary.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"2398299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A youth advisory group on health and health research in rural Cambodia. 柬埔寨农村地区健康和健康研究青年咨询小组。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-07 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2024.2361968

Mom Ean, Rupam Tripura, Phann Sothea, Uch Savoeun, Thomas J Peto, Sam Bunthynn, James J Callery, Ung Soviet, Lek Dysoley, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Bipin Adhikari

{"title":"A youth advisory group on health and health research in rural Cambodia.","authors":"Mom Ean, Rupam Tripura, Phann Sothea, Uch Savoeun, Thomas J Peto, Sam Bunthynn, James J Callery, Ung Soviet, Lek Dysoley, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Bipin Adhikari","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2361968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2361968","url":null,"abstract":"Engaging young people in health research has been promoted globally. We explored the outcomes of youth advisory group on health and research engagement (YAGHRE) in rural Cambodia. In May 2021, the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) partnered with a local health centre and a secondary school to establish a youth engagement group. Ten students underwent training and led health engagement activities in schools and communities. Activities were documented as field notes and audio-visual materials which underwent content analysis using theory of change supplemented by iterative discussions with YAGHRE members and stakeholders. Five major outcomes were identified: 1. Increased respect. Engagement activities developed based on input from students and stakeholders may have fostered greater respect. 2. Built trust and relationships. Frequent visits to MORU's laboratory and interactions with researchers appeared to contribute to the building of trust and relationship. 3. Improved health and research literacy. Learning new health and research topics, through participatory activities may have improved literacy; 4. Improved uptake of health and research interventions. Health promotional activities and communication with research participants potentially increased the uptake of interventions; 5. Improved community health. YAGHRE's health promotional interventions may have contributed in enhancing community's health.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"2361968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

May Artificial Intelligence take health and sustainability on a honeymoon? Towards green technologies for multidimensional health and environmental justice. 人工智能能带着健康和可持续性度蜜月吗？实现多维健康和环境正义的绿色技术。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2024.2322208

Cristian Moyano-Fernández, Jon Rueda, Janet Delgado, Txetxu Ausín

{"title":"May Artificial Intelligence take health and sustainability on a honeymoon? Towards green technologies for multidimensional health and environmental justice.","authors":"Cristian Moyano-Fernández, Jon Rueda, Janet Delgado, Txetxu Ausín","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2322208","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2024.2322208","url":null,"abstract":"The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare and epidemiology undoubtedly has many benefits for the population. However, due to its environmental impact, the use of AI can produce social inequalities and long-term environmental damages that may not be thoroughly contemplated. In this paper, we propose to consider the impacts of AI applications in medical care from the One Health paradigm and long-term global health. From health and environmental justice, rather than settling for a short and fleeting green honeymoon between health and sustainability caused by AI, it should aim for a lasting marriage. To this end, we conclude by proposing that, in the upcoming years, it could be valuable and necessary to promote more interconnected health, call for environmental cost transparency, and increase green responsibility. Highlights Using AI in medicine and epidemiology has some benefits in the short term.AI usage may cause social inequalities and environmental damage in the long term.Health justice should be rethought from the One Health perspective.Going beyond anthropocentric and myopic cost-benefit analysis would expand health justice to include an environmental dimension.Greening AI would help to reconcile public and global health measures.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"35 1","pages":"2322208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10930144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broad consent for biobank research in South Africa - Towards an enabling ethico-legal framework 南非生物库研究的广泛同意--建立有利的伦理-法律框架

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2023.2288331

M. Maseme, Jillian Gardner, Safia Mahomed

引用次数: 0

Applying the ecosystem approach to global bioethics: building on the Leopold legacy 将生态系统方法应用于全球生物伦理：以利奥波德的遗产为基础

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2023.2280289

Antoine Boudreau LeBlanc, B. Williams-Jones

{"title":"Applying the ecosystem approach to global bioethics: building on the Leopold legacy","authors":"Antoine Boudreau LeBlanc, B. Williams-Jones","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2023.2280289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2023.2280289","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For Van Rensselaer Potter (1911–2001), Global Bio-Ethics is about building on the legacy of Aldo Leopold (1887–1948), one of the most notable forest managers of the twentieth century who brought to light the importance of pragmatism in the sciences and showed us a new way to proceed with environmental ethics. Following Richard Huxtable and Jonathan Ives's methodological 'Framework for Empirical Bioethics Research Projects' called 'Mapping, framing, shaping,' published in BMC Medicine Ethics (2019)), we propose operationalizing a framework for Global Bio-Ethics by hybridizing approaches in empirical bioethics and ecosystem management. We explain this framework using the metaphor of forest management. This mixed approach is articulated through three phases: (1) mapping the “landscape” to build a working theory, (2) framing the “scene” to prepare the fieldwork, and (3) shaping bioethics “tools” to stimulate cooperation. Applying this methodology, an adaptive management cycle is outlined to help ensure that political processes are sustainable and socially acceptable, still based on strategic and ethical thinking, but also capable of reshaping failing policies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"'It is very difficult in this business if you want to have a good conscience': pharmaceutical governance and on-the-ground ethical labor in Ghana": a letter to editors. “‘如果你想问心无愧，这在这个行业是非常困难的’：加纳的制药治理和实地道德劳动”：致编辑的一封信。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-10-18 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2023.2268885

Livia Maria de Souza Gonçalves, Felipe Felizardo Mattos Vieira, Ariadne Botto Fiorot, Sthefany Brito Salomão, Luciano Soares

引用次数: 0

Ethical implications for children's exclusion in the initial COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana. 加纳将儿童排除在最初的COVID-19疫苗接种之外的伦理影响。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2023.2168170

Samuel Asiedu Owusu

{"title":"Ethical implications for children's exclusion in the initial COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana.","authors":"Samuel Asiedu Owusu","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2023.2168170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2023.2168170","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethics provides various models of fair allocation of scarce health resources like COVID-19 vaccines. Even though these models are grounded in some ethical principles like justice and beneficence, there were severe inequalities in global access to COVID-19 vaccines. In Ghana, about 21.5 million COVID-19-doses have been administered but comprise mainly members of the adult population. As a result, ethical issues related to vaccinating children have been largely ignored in the country. This paper explores some of the ethical implications related to children's exclusion in the initial COVID-19 vaccination programs in Ghana. It provides a general overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana and how it related to children and discusses the risks to which Ghanaian children were exposed by delaying their COVID-19 vaccination. A guide to facilitating the full rollout of COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana for children has been proposed that indicates that a fair vaccine distribution for children should prioritize children on admission at health facilities, those diagnosed with severe underlying health conditions, and children who could play an instrumental role in promoting vaccine uptake. It concludes that children must not be placed at the peripheries of the COVID-19 vaccination program in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9873277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Participant views on practical considerations for feedback of individual genetic research results: a case study from Botswana. 与会者对个别遗传研究结果反馈的实际考虑的看法:来自博茨瓦纳的案例研究。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2023.2192329

Dimpho Ralefala, Mary Kasule, Olivia P Matshabane, Ambroise Wonkam, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Jantina de Vries

{"title":"Participant views on practical considerations for feedback of individual genetic research results: a case study from Botswana.","authors":"Dimpho Ralefala, Mary Kasule, Olivia P Matshabane, Ambroise Wonkam, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Jantina de Vries","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2023.2192329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2023.2192329","url":null,"abstract":"Key to discussions around feedback of individual results from genomics research are practical questions on how such results should be fed back, by who and when. However, there has been virtually no work investigating these practical considerations for feedback of individual genetic results in the context of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Africa. Consequently, we conducted deliberative focus group discussions with 6 groups of adolescents (n = 44) who previously participated in a genomics study in Botswana as well as 6 groups of parents and caregivers (n = 49) of children who participated in the same study. We also conducted in-depth interviews with 6 adolescents and 6 parents or caregivers. Our findings revealed that both adolescents and parents would prefer to receive their individual genetic results in person, with adolescents preferring researchers to provide feedback, while parents preferred doctors who are associated with the study. Both adolescents and parents further expressed that feedback should be supported by counselling but differed on the timing of feedback, with preferences ranging from feedback as quickly as possible to feedback at project end. In conclusion, decisions on practicalities for feedback of results should be done in account of participants' context and considerations of participants' preferences.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9543724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"It is very difficult in this business if you want to have a good conscience": pharmaceutical governance and on-the-ground ethical labour in Ghana. “在这个行业，如果你想问心无愧是非常困难的”:加纳的制药治理和实地道德劳工。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-07-26 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2022.2103899

Kate Hampshire, Simon Mariwah, Daniel Amoako-Sakyi, Heather Hamill

{"title":"\"It is very difficult in this business if you want to have a good conscience\": pharmaceutical governance and on-the-ground ethical labour in Ghana.","authors":"Kate Hampshire, Simon Mariwah, Daniel Amoako-Sakyi, Heather Hamill","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2022.2103899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2022.2103899","url":null,"abstract":"The governance of pharmaceutical medicines entails complex ethical decisions that should, in theory, be the responsibility of democratically accountable government agencies. However, in many Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), regulatory and health systems constraints mean that many people still lack access to safe, appropriate and affordable medication, posing significant ethical challenges for those working on the \"front line\". Drawing on 18 months of fieldwork in Ghana, we present three detailed case studies of individuals in this position: an urban retail pharmacist, a rural over-the-counter medicine retailer, and a local inspector. Through these case studies, we consider the significant burden of \"ethical labour\" borne by those operating \"on the ground\", who navigate complex moral, legal and business imperatives in real time and with very real consequences for those they serve. The paper ends with a reflection on the tensions between abstract, generalised ethical frameworks based on high-level principles, and a pragmatic, contingent ethics-in-practice that foregrounds immediate individual needs - a tension rooted in the gap between the theory and the reality of pharmaceutical governance that shifts the burden of ethical labour downwards and perpetuates long-term public health risks.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"103-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40574408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5