Global Bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Ethical and practical considerations arising from community consultation on implementing controlled human infection studies using <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> in Uganda.","authors":"Moses Egesa, Agnes Ssali, Edward Tumwesige, Moses Kizza, Emmanuella Driciru, Fiona Luboga, Meta Roestenberg, Janet Seeley, Alison M Elliott","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2022.2091503","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2022.2091503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Issues related to controlled human infection studies using <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (CHI-S) were explored to ensure the ethical and voluntary participation of potential CHI-S volunteers in an endemic setting in Uganda. We invited volunteers from a fishing community and a tertiary education community to guide the development of informed consent procedures. Consultative group discussions were held to modify educational materials on schistosomiasis, vaccines and the CHI-S model and similar discussions were held with a test group. With both groups, a mock consent process was conducted. Fourteen in-depth key informant interviews and three group discussions were held to explore perceptions towards participating in a CHI-S. Most of the participants had not heard of the CHI-S. Willingness to take part depended on understanding the study procedures and the consenting process. Close social networks were key in deciding to take part. The worry of adverse effects was cited as a possible hindrance to taking part. Volunteer time compensation was unclear for a CHI-S. Potential volunteers in these communities are willing to take part in a CHI-S. Community engagement is needed to build trust and time must be taken to share study procedures and ensure understanding of key messages.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"33 1","pages":"78-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9258062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9150945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glocalization of bioethics","authors":"Himani Bhakuni","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2022.2052603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2022.2052603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There appears to be a conflict between global bioethical principles and the local understanding and application of these principles, but this conflict has misleadingly been characterized through the east–west dichotomy. This dichotomy portrays bioethical principles as western and as alien to non-western cultures. In this paper, I present reasons to reject the east–west dichotomy. Using the discussion around the principle of informed consent as an example, I propose that while bioethical values are common, bioethical governance must display a certain flexibility akin to Aristotle’s metaphor about the Lesbian rule. Such flexibility combined with a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of bioethical subjects might lead to the purging of tensions between global and local, giving us Glocal Bioethics.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"33 1","pages":"65 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43398307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biobanks: a case study for a green global bioethics.","authors":"G Samuel, F Lucivero, A M Lucassen","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.1997428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2021.1997428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper argues that as we move to redefine global bioethics, there is a need to be attentive to the ethical issues associated with the environmental sustainability of data and digital infrastructures in global health systems. We show that these infrastructures have thus far featured little in environmental impact discussions in the context of health, and we use a case study approach of biobanking to illustrate this. We argue that this missing discussion is problematic because biobanks have environmental impacts associated with data and digital infrastructures. We consider several ethical questions to consider these impacts: what ethical work does the concept of environmental sustainability add to the debate; how should this concept be prioritised in decision-making; and who should be responsible for doing so? We call on global bioethics to play a role in advancing this dialogue and addressing these questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"33 1","pages":"50-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8881066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41762810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a feminist global ethics.","authors":"Rosemarie Tong","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011002","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, I explain what makes a global bioethics \"feminist\" and why I think this development makes a better bioethics. Before defending this assertion explicitly, I engage in some preliminary work. First, I attempt to define global bioethics, showing why the so-called feminist sameness-difference debate [are men and women fundamentally the same or fundamentally different?] is of relevance to this attempt. I then discuss the difference between rights-based feminist approaches to global bioethics and care-based feminist approaches to global bioethics. Next, I agree with a significant number of feminist bioethicists that care is a more fundamental moral value and practice than justice. Finally, I conclude that feminists' insights about care, even more than rights, can bring us closer to achieving an inclusive, diverse, and fair <i>feminist</i> global bioethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"14-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39938734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global bioethics: it's past and future.","authors":"Cheryl Macpherson","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2021.2011009","url":null,"abstract":"A google scholar search for “global bioethics” returns citations situating ethical analyses within the evolving social and physical features of the global environment. Such work is consistent with Van Rensselaer Potter’s “Global Bioethics” (1988) and its application of bioethics to global issues of health and human survival such as nuclear war and what he called “global warming”. Ruth Macklin, in this special issue (SI), offers the Covid-19 pandemic as such an issue and delineates global bioethics from “international bioethics” which address countryspecific issues isolated from wider global influences. A search for “global bioethics” in non-academic search engines returns items about international bioethics, and not global bioethics. This editorial concludes this special issue (SI) by underscoring links between its contents and the history of global bioethics, offering a view to the future of global bioethics as a field and future aims and scope of this journal. It turns out that the field contributed to the establishment of this journal although it’s contents shifted over time into Macklin’s international bioethics. This SI examines what global bioethics might bring to the often distressing global environments of the 2020’s and associated animosities, misinformation, and information overload. It’s authors show how globalization influences health and increases dependence of individuals and populations on global systems for essential resources: food, water, shelter, air, and more. Globalization seems driven primarily by industrial and corporate entities that have wealth and power. In maximizing growth and profit for their shareholders, they may choose to embrace health-promoting or health-harming strategies and policies. Authors herein suggest that examining competing interests like these in a global (as well as international and local) context may increase transparency and better inform decision-making and policies to protect human health and survival long into the future. Several things surprised me in the process of reading the contents of this SI. One was Rosemary Tong’s explicit wish that she had paid more attention to Potter’s views early in her career. Another was something she and others herein state that I had not known that Potter’s views contributed to establishing the International Association for Bioethics (IAB), International Association for Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (FAB), and International Bioethics Committee (IBC). Like Macklin, Tong turns to pandemic planning and cooperation while offering some history. Tong hopes “for a future, care-based feminist global bioethics... [because] unless we human beings learn how to care for each other...we cannot hope to respect each other’s rights” or protect and share resources essential for human health and survival. Macklin pragmatically concludes that diplomacy is “a necessary ingredient” in engaging with “ethical aspects of relations between and among nations or regions”. Effective dip","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction","authors":"C. Richie","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2021.2011000","url":null,"abstract":"Eva Feder Kittay's characterization of \"rights/justice-based ethics/bioethics on the one hand and relationships/care-based ethics/bioethics on the other hand\", noted in Tong's essay, could be both inward or outward in application. Taken in aggregate, the articles which were solicited for our thematic issue, which attempts to re-define global bioethics and \"deepen understandings of what \"global bioethics\" is and does\" simply does just that. Yet, as Gustavo Ortiz Millán's commentary on Macklin's article suggests, \"a more globalized world presents bioethics with new challenges;cases that call for a global response and also a global bioethics.\". [Extracted from the article]","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"33 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethics, globalization and pandemics.","authors":"Gustavo Ortiz-Millán","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethics should pay more attention to globalization and some of its consequences than it has done so far. The COVID-19 pandemic would not have been possible without globalization, which has also increased some of its negative consequences. Globalization has intensified wildlife trade in the world. One of the main hypotheses about the origin of this pandemic is that it originated in illegal forms of wildlife trade in China. In the last 30 or 40 years, there have been zoonotic outbreaks at a much frequent pace than before, many of those have been related to wildlife trade. Legal and illegal wildlife trade has grown in the shadow of globalization. Second, globalization has had a huge impact on the redistribution of wealth in the world. Since 1990 income inequality has increased in most high- and in many middle- and low-income countries. A country's level of pre-COVID income inequality is the best predictor of the COVID death rate. These two issues are not unrelated. People living in poverty in LMIC tend to suffer more from infectious diseases and tend to be marginalized from the health sector. Additionally, poverty tends to reproduce the conditions under which zoonotic diseases can more easily spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Care.","authors":"Christine Overall","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011007","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"The Role of Care\" is a commentary on \"Towards a Feminist Global Ethics,\" by Rosemarie Tong.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"38-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenges of global bioethics.","authors":"Henk Ten Have","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2021.2011008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic is associated with an increase in ethics publications and an upsurge of interest in global bioethics. This commentary argues that global bioethics is broader than international bioethics, as defined by Macklin, because the nature of moral problems is determined by processes and practices of globalization, and because a broader theoretical perspective is required. Such perspective acknowledges the connectedness and relationality of human beings, as assumed in the care-based feminist bioethics defended by Tong. The commentary finally claims that a rights-based approach is not opposed to but reinforces a care-based global bioethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new definition for global bioethics: COVID-19, a case study.","authors":"Ruth Macklin","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2021.2011001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2021.2011001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A truly global bioethics involves cooperation and collaboration among countries. Most of the articles published in bioethics journals address a problem that exists in one or more countries, but the articles typically do not discuss solutions that require collaboration or cooperation. COVAX is one example of proposed international cooperation related to the current COVID-19. pandemic. Yet it is evident that nations have been proceeding on their own with little, if any collaboration. Despite international research ethics guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO), an article published under WHO auspices violates an ethical principle rejecting \"double standards\" in the conduct of global research. The COVID pandemic provides an opportunity for countries to learn from the recent lack of international cooperation and employ a multi-national strategy in future global health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39938733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}