Vision (Switzerland)最新文献_第9页

Semantic Expectation Effects on Object Detection: Using Figure Assignment to Elucidate Mechanisms. 语义期望对目标检测的影响:用图赋值来阐明机制。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010019

Rachel M Skocypec, Mary A Peterson

{"title":"Semantic Expectation Effects on Object Detection: Using Figure Assignment to Elucidate Mechanisms.","authors":"Rachel M Skocypec, Mary A Peterson","doi":"10.3390/vision6010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010019","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence suggesting that object detection is improved following valid rather than invalid labels implies that semantics influence object detection. It is not clear, however, whether the results index object detection or feature detection. Further, because control conditions were absent and labels and objects were repeated multiple times, the mechanisms are unknown. We assessed object detection via figure assignment, whereby objects are segmented from backgrounds. Masked bipartite displays depicting a portion of a mono-oriented object (a familiar configuration) on one side of a central border were shown once only for 90 or 100 ms. Familiar configuration is a figural prior. Accurate detection was indexed by reports of an object on the familiar configuration side of the border. Compared to control experiments without labels, valid labels improved accuracy and reduced response times (RTs) more for upright than inverted objects (Studies 1 and 2). Invalid labels denoting different superordinate-level objects (DSC; Study 1) or same superordinate-level objects (SSC; Study 2) reduced accuracy for upright displays only. Orientation dependency indicates that effects are mediated by activated object representations rather than features which are invariant over orientation. Following invalid SSC labels (Study 2), accurate detection RTs were longer than control for both orientations, implicating conflict between semantic representations that had to be resolved before object detection. These results demonstrate that object detection is not just affected by semantics, it entails semantics.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Pseudomyopia: A Review. 假性近视:综述。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010017

María García-Montero, Gema Felipe-Márquez, Pedro Arriola-Villalobos, Nuria Garzón

{"title":"Pseudomyopia: A Review.","authors":"María García-Montero, Gema Felipe-Márquez, Pedro Arriola-Villalobos, Nuria Garzón","doi":"10.3390/vision6010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010017","url":null,"abstract":"This review has identified evidence about pseudomyopia as the result of an increase in ocular refractive power due to an overstimulation of the eye's accommodative mechanism. It cannot be confused with the term \"secondary myopia\", which includes transient myopic shifts caused by lenticular refractive index changes and myopia associated with systemic syndromes. The aim was to synthesize the literature on qualitative evidence about pseudomyopia in terms that clarify its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and the Scopus database was carried out for articles published up to November 2021, without a data limit. This review was reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The terms pseudomyopia and accommodation spasm have been found in most of the studies reviewed. The review has warned that although there is agreement on the assessment and diagnosis of the condition, there is no consensus on its management, and the literature describes a range of treatment.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Capacity and Allocation across Sensory and Short-Term Memories. 感觉记忆和短期记忆的容量和分配。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010015

Shaoying Wang, Srimant P Tripathy, Haluk Öğmen

{"title":"Capacity and Allocation across Sensory and Short-Term Memories.","authors":"Shaoying Wang, Srimant P Tripathy, Haluk Öğmen","doi":"10.3390/vision6010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010015","url":null,"abstract":"Human memory consists of sensory memory (SM), short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). SM enables a large capacity, but decays rapidly. STM has limited capacity, but lasts longer. The traditional view of these memory systems resembles a leaky hourglass, the large top and bottom portions representing the large capacities of SM and LTM, whereas the narrow portion in the middle represents the limited capacity of STM. The \"leak\" in the top part of the hourglass depicts the rapid decay of the contents of SM. However, recently, it was shown that major bottlenecks for motion processing exist prior to STM, and the \"leaky hourglass\" model was replaced by a \"leaky flask\" model with a narrower top part to capture bottlenecks prior to STM. The leaky flask model was based on data from one study, and the first goal of the current paper was to test if the leaky flask model would generalize by using a different set of data. The second goal of the paper was to explore various block diagram models for memory systems and determine the one best supported by the data. We expressed these block diagram models in terms of statistical mixture models and, by using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), found that a model with four components, viz., SM, attention, STM, and guessing, provided the best fit to our data. In summary, we generalized previous findings about early qualitative and quantitative bottlenecks, as expressed in the leaky flask model and showed that a four-process model can provide a good explanation for how visual information is processed and stored in memory.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Familiarity with an Object's Size Influences the Perceived Size of Its Image. 对物体大小的熟悉程度会影响其图像的感知大小。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010014

Jeroen B J Smeets, Pauline E Weijs, Eli Brenner

{"title":"Familiarity with an Object's Size Influences the Perceived Size of Its Image.","authors":"Jeroen B J Smeets, Pauline E Weijs, Eli Brenner","doi":"10.3390/vision6010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010014","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that judgments about objects' distances are influenced by familiar size: a soccer ball looks farther away than a tennis ball if their images are equally large on the retina. We here investigate whether familiar size also influences judgments about the size of images of objects that are presented side-by-side on a computer screen. Sixty-three participants indicated which of two images appeared larger on the screen in a 2-alternative forced-choice discrimination task. The objects were either two different types of balls, two different types of coins, or a ball and a grey disk. We found that the type of ball biased the comparison between their image sizes: the size of the image of the soccer ball was over-estimated by about 5% (assimilation). The bias in the comparison between the two balls was equal to the sum of the biases in the comparisons with the grey disk. The bias for the coins was smaller and in the opposite direction (contrast). The average precision of the size comparison was 3.5%, irrespective of the type of object. We conclude that knowing a depicted object's real size can influence the perceived size of its image, but the perceived size is not always attracted towards the familiar size.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40318794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocular Autonomic Nervous System: An Update from Anatomy to Physiological Functions. 眼自主神经系统:从解剖学到生理功能的最新进展。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010006

Feipeng Wu, Yin Zhao, Hong Zhang

引用次数: 9

Prediction Error Stabilization and Long-Term Standard Results with a Monofocal Intraocular Lens. 单焦点人工晶状体的预测误差稳定和长期标准结果。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010005

Beatríz Macías-Murelaga, Gonzaga Garay-Aramburu, Roberto Bergado-Mijangos, Daniel Coello-Ojeda, Itziar Ozaeta, Pio Jésus Garcia-Gómez, Jesús Garrido-Fierro, Manuel Rodríguez-Vallejo, Joaquín Fernández

{"title":"Prediction Error Stabilization and Long-Term Standard Results with a Monofocal Intraocular Lens.","authors":"Beatríz Macías-Murelaga, Gonzaga Garay-Aramburu, Roberto Bergado-Mijangos, Daniel Coello-Ojeda, Itziar Ozaeta, Pio Jésus Garcia-Gómez, Jesús Garrido-Fierro, Manuel Rodríguez-Vallejo, Joaquín Fernández","doi":"10.3390/vision6010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010005","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the stability and differences between objective (O-Rx) and subjective (S-Rx) refraction for the assessment of the prediction error (PE). A secondary aim was to report the results of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). 100 subjects were included for whom S-Rx and O-Rx were obtained for all visits, and for visual performance, posterior capsular opacification incidence and Nd:YAG rates at 12 months. Either S-Rx and O-Rx showed a hyperopic shift from 1 to 6 months (p < 0.05) and stabilization after 6 months. S-Rx was related with the axial length (rho = -0.29, p = 0.007), obtaining a major tendency towards hyperopia in short eyes implanted with high-power IOLs. O-Rx showed a myopic shift in comparison to S-Rx (p < 0.05). This resulted in a decrease of the number of eyes in ±0.50 D and ±1.00 D from 79 to 67% and from 94 to 90%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were 0.1 (0.29) and 0 (0.12) logMAR, respectively, and seven eyes required Nd:YAG capsulotomy at 12 months. Some caution should be taken in PE studies in which O-Rx is used or S-Rx is measured in a 1-month follow-up. Constant optimization should be conducted for this IOL after S-Rx stabilization.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8788560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39963357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Bleb-Independent Glaucoma Surgery to Activate the Uveolymphatic Route of Non-Trabecular Aqueous Humor Outflow: Short-Term Clinical and OCT Results. 虹膜睫状体依赖性青光眼手术激活葡萄膜淋巴管非蝶形眼房水外流途径：短期临床和 OCT 结果。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010004

Vinod Kumar, Kamal Abdulmuhsen Abu Zaalan, Andrey Igorevich Bezzabotnov, Galina Nikolaevna Dushina, Ahmad Saleh Soliman Shradqa, Zarina Shaykuliyevna Rustamova, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Frolov

{"title":"Bleb-Independent Glaucoma Surgery to Activate the Uveolymphatic Route of Non-Trabecular Aqueous Humor Outflow: Short-Term Clinical and OCT Results.","authors":"Vinod Kumar, Kamal Abdulmuhsen Abu Zaalan, Andrey Igorevich Bezzabotnov, Galina Nikolaevna Dushina, Ahmad Saleh Soliman Shradqa, Zarina Shaykuliyevna Rustamova, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Frolov","doi":"10.3390/vision6010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision6010004","url":null,"abstract":"The deep sclerectomy technique was modified to enhance aqueous humor (AH) outflow via the non-trabecular pathway. A pilot study was carried out to assess its safety and effectiveness. Thirty-eight patients were under observation. After superficial scleral flap (4 × 4 mm), deep scleral layers were divided into three parts by three parallel-to-limbus incisions. Deep sclerectomy without creating a window in the Descemetes' membrane was carried out in the distal part. A collagen implant was placed under the sclera of the remaining two parts with one end in the intrascleral pool. The third proximal part was excised to expose the uvea and implant. A Nd:YAG laser trabeculotomy at the surgery site was made on postoperative days 7-10. Outcome measures were IOP change, use of hypotensive medication(s), complications, and the need for a second surgery. At six months, the mean IOP decreased from 29.1 ± 9.2 mm Hg to 14.0 ± 4.3 mm Hg (p = 1.4 × 10-9); hypotensive medication use reduced from 2.9 ± 0.9 to 0.6 ± 1.0 (p = 1.3 × 10-10); complete success was achieved in 68.4% of cases and partial success was achieved in 31.6% of cases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were rare and manageable. The OCT of the surgery site revealed the absence of bleb in all cases. Lymphatic vessels with characteristic bicuspid valves in their lumen were detected in conjunctiva near the operation site and over it in 32 patients. IOP decrease in the proposed technique was achieved by activation of the uveolymphatic route of AH outflow.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8788431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39963359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attentional Orienting in Front and Rear Spaces in a Virtual Reality Discrimination Task. 虚拟现实识别任务中前后空间的注意定向

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/vision6010003

Rébaï Soret, Pom Charras, Christophe Hurter, Vsevolod Peysakhovich

{"title":"Attentional Orienting in Front and Rear Spaces in a Virtual Reality Discrimination Task.","authors":"Rébaï Soret, Pom Charras, Christophe Hurter, Vsevolod Peysakhovich","doi":"10.3390/vision6010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision6010003","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies on covert attention suggested that the visual processing of information in front of us is different, depending on whether the information is present in front of us or if it is a reflection of information behind us (mirror information). This difference in processing suggests that we have different processes for directing our attention to objects in front of us (front space) or behind us (rear space). In this study, we investigated the effects of attentional orienting in front and rear space consecutive of visual or auditory endogenous cues. Twenty-one participants performed a modified version of the Posner paradigm in virtual reality during a spaceship discrimination task. An eye tracker integrated into the virtual reality headset was used to make sure that the participants did not move their eyes and used their covert attention. The results show that informative cues produced faster response times than non-informative cues but no impact on target identification was observed. In addition, we observed faster response times when the target occurred in front space rather than in rear space. These results are consistent with an orienting cognitive process differentiation in the front and rear spaces. Several explanations are discussed. No effect was found on subjects' eye movements, suggesting that participants did not use their overt attention to improve task performance.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8788563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39963354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inefficient Eye Movements: Gamification Improves Task Execution, But Not Fixation Strategy. 低效的眼动：游戏化提高了任务执行，但不能提高固定策略。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/vision3030048

Warren R G James, Josephine Reuther, Ellen Angus, Alasdair D F Clarke, Amelia R Hunt

{"title":"Inefficient Eye Movements: Gamification Improves Task Execution, But Not Fixation Strategy.","authors":"Warren R G James, Josephine Reuther, Ellen Angus, Alasdair D F Clarke, Amelia R Hunt","doi":"10.3390/vision3030048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision3030048","url":null,"abstract":"Decisions about where to fixate are highly variable and often inefficient. In the current study, we investigated whether such decisions would improve with increased motivation. Participants had to detect a discrimination target, which would appear in one of two boxes, but only after they chose a location to fixate. The distance between boxes determines which location to fixate to maximise the probability of being able to see the target: participants should fixate between the two boxes when they are close together, and on one of the two boxes when they are far apart. We \"gamified\" this task, giving participants easy-to-track rewards that were contingent on discrimination accuracy. Their decisions and performance were compared to previous results that were gathered in the absence of this additional motivation. We used a Bayesian beta regression model to estimate the size of the effect and associated variance. The results demonstrate that discrimination accuracy does indeed improve in the presence of performance-related rewards. However, there was no difference in eye movement strategy between the two groups, suggesting this improvement in accuracy was not due to the participants making more optimal eye movement decisions. Instead, the motivation encouraged participants to expend more effort on other aspects of the task, such as paying more attention to the boxes and making fewer response errors.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing Beyond Salience and Guidance: The Role of Bias and Decision in Visual Search. 超越显著性和引导性的观察：偏见和决策在视觉搜索中的作用。

Vision (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2019-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/vision3030046

Alasdair D F Clarke, Anna Nowakowska, Amelia R Hunt

{"title":"Seeing Beyond Salience and Guidance: The Role of Bias and Decision in Visual Search.","authors":"Alasdair D F Clarke, Anna Nowakowska, Amelia R Hunt","doi":"10.3390/vision3030046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision3030046","url":null,"abstract":"Visual search is a popular tool for studying a range of questions about perception and attention, thanks to the ease with which the basic paradigm can be controlled and manipulated. While often thought of as a sub-field of vision science, search tasks are significantly more complex than most other perceptual tasks, with strategy and decision playing an essential, but neglected, role. In this review, we briefly describe some of the important theoretical advances about perception and attention that have been gained from studying visual search within the signal detection and guided search frameworks. Under most circumstances, search also involves executing a series of eye movements. We argue that understanding the contribution of biases, routines and strategies to visual search performance over multiple fixations will lead to new insights about these decision-related processes and how they interact with perception and attention. We also highlight the neglected potential for variability, both within and between searchers, to contribute to our understanding of visual search. The exciting challenge will be to account for variations in search performance caused by these numerous factors and their interactions. We conclude the review with some recommendations for ways future research can tackle these challenges to move the field forward.","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/vision3030046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11