Cell Surface最新文献

{"title":"Branched mannan and xyloglucan as a dynamic duo in plant cell walls","authors":"Annika Grieß-Osowski , Cătălin Voiniciuc","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10684082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into pectin O-acetylation in the plant cell wall: structure, synthesis, and modification","authors":"Lubana Shahin ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Debra Mohnen ,&nbsp;Breeanna R. Urbanowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>O</em>-Acetyl esterification is an important structural and functional feature of pectins present in the cell walls of all land plants. The amount and positions of pectin acetyl substituents varies across plant tissues and stages of development. Plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stress are known to be significantly influenced by pectin <em>O</em>-acetylation. Gel formation is a key characteristic of pectins, and many studies have shown that gel formation is dependent upon the degree of acetylation. Previous studies have indicated that members of the TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE (TBL) family may play a role in the <em>O</em>-acetylation of pectin, however, biochemical evidence for acceptor specific pectin acetyltransferase activity remains to be confirmed and the exact mechanism(s) for catalysis must be determined. Pectin acetylesterases (PAEs) affect pectin acetylation as they hydrolyze acetylester bonds and have a role in the amount and distribution of <em>O</em>-acetylation. Several mutant studies suggest the critical role of pectin <em>O</em>-acetylation; however, additional research is required to fully understand this. This review aims to discuss the importance, role, and putative mechanism of pectin <em>O</em>-acetylation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49788816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrageenan biosynthesis in red algae: A review","authors":"Antonin Chevenier,&nbsp;Diane Jouanneau,&nbsp;Elizabeth Ficko-Blean","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the biosynthesis of carrageenan by exploring both the enzyme activities and their localizations. Genomic data, with the sequencing of the genome of <em>Chondrus crispus</em> and the first transcriptomic study into the life cycle stages of this organism, as well as fine carbohydrate structural determination of matrix glycans, provide leads in the study of carrageenan anabolism. Comparison to related carbohydrate-active enzymes, detailed phylogenies alongside classic histochemical studies and radioactivity assays, help predict the localization of the carrageenan-related enzyme biochemistries. Using these insights, we provide an updated model of carrageenan biosynthesis which contributes to understanding the ancestral pathway of sulfated polysaccharide biosynthesis in eukaryotes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell wall regulation by carbon allocation and sugar signaling","authors":"Delphine Pottier ,&nbsp;Thomas Roitsch ,&nbsp;Staffan Persson","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/09/main.PMC10311191.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10104583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Aspergillus fumigatus galactosaminogalactan biosynthesis: A few questions remain","authors":"François Le Mauff ,&nbsp;Donald C. Sheppard","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Half a century after their discovery, polymers of <em>N</em>-acetylgalactosamine produced by the Aspergilli have garnered new interest as mediators of fungal virulence. Recent work has focused on the <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> secreted and cell wall-associated heteropolymer, galactosaminogalactan (GAG). This polymer, composed of galactose (Gal) and partially deacetylated <em>N</em>-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), plays a role in a variety of pathogenic processes including biofilm formation, immune modulation and evasion, and resistance to antifungals. Given its many potential contributions to fungal pathogenesis, GAG is a promising therapeutic target for novel antifungal strategies. As such, several studies have sought to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways required for GAG production and secretion. Herein we review the progress made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GAG synthesis and identify several gaps in our understanding of this process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49788814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EXTENSIN enigma","authors":"Steven Moussu ,&nbsp;Gwyneth Ingram","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>EXTENSINS (EXTs) are an abundant and yet enigmatic class of cell wall proteins that are found across multicellular plant lineages, from Bryophytes to Angiosperms. They have been shown to be integrated within the cell wall matrix, and are proposed to play key roles in the dynamic regulation of cell-wall properties. Consistent with this, EXTs are thought to be important for plant growth and development. However, like many other classes of cell wall proteins, EXTs are biochemically complex, highly diverse, and are encoded by multiple genes, making in-depth functional characterization a challenging undertaking. Here we will provide an overview of current knowledge of the biochemistry and properties of EXTs, and of the tools that have been deployed to study their biological functions in plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/ab/main.PMC9842689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9116986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the role of phosphatidylglycerol-phosphate phosphatases in Acinetobacter baumannii cell envelope biogenesis and antibiotic resistance","authors":"Maoge Zang ,&nbsp;Alice Ascari ,&nbsp;Felise G. Adams ,&nbsp;Saleh Alquethamy ,&nbsp;Bart A. Eijkelkamp","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dissemination of multi-drug resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> threatens global healthcare systems and necessitates the development of novel therapeutic options. The Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope provides a first defensive barrier against antimicrobial assault. Essential components of this multi-layered complex are the phospholipid-rich membranes. Phosphatidylglycerol phosphate (PGP) phosphatases are responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of a major phospholipid species, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), but these enzymes have also been implicated in the biogenesis of other cell envelope components. Our bioinformatics analyses identified two putative PGP candidates in the <em>A. baumannii</em> genome, PgpA and PgpB. Phospholipid analyses of isogenic <em>pgpA</em> mutants in two distinct <em>A. baumannii</em> strains revealed a shift in the desaturation levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) phospholipid species, possibly due to the activation of the phospholipid desaturase DesA. We also investigated the impact of the inner membrane phosphatases on other cell envelope components, which revealed a role of PgpB in the maintenance of the <em>A. baumannii</em> peptidoglycan layer, and consequently carbapenem resistance. Collectively, this work provides novel insights into the roles of PGP phosphatases on the global lipidomic landscape of <em>A. baumannii</em> and their interconnectivity with the biogenesis of other cell envelope components. The non-essentiality of these candidates exemplifies metabolic versatility of <em>A. baumannii</em>, which is believed to be key to its success as global pathogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49788817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluconazole resistant Candida auris clinical isolates have increased levels of cell wall chitin and increased susceptibility to a glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitor","authors":"Garima Shahi ,&nbsp;Mohit Kumar ,&nbsp;Andrzej S. Skwarecki ,&nbsp;Matt Edmondson ,&nbsp;Atanu Banerjee ,&nbsp;Jane Usher ,&nbsp;Neil A.R. Gow ,&nbsp;Sławomir Milewski ,&nbsp;Rajendra Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2009 <em>Candida auris</em> was first isolated as fungal pathogen of human disease from ear canal of a patient in Japan. In less than a decade, this pathogen has rapidly spread around the world and has now become a major health challenge that is of particular concern because many strains are resistant to multiple class of antifungal drugs. The lack of available antifungals and rapid increase of this fungal pathogen provides an incentive for the development of new and more potent anticandidal drugs and drug combinatorial treatments. Here we have explored the growth inhibitory activity against <em>C. auris</em> of a synthetic dipeptide glutamine analogue<strong>,</strong> L-norvalyl-<em>N</em>³-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-L-2,3- diaminopropanoic acid (Nva-FMDP), that acts as an inhibitor of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase - a key enzyme in the synthesis of cell wall chitin. We observed that in contrast to FLC susceptible isolates of <em>C. auris</em>, FLC resistant isolates had elevated cell wall chitin and were susceptible to inhibition by Nva-FMDP. The growth kinetics of <em>C. auris</em> in RPMI-1640 medium revealed that the growth of FLC resistant isolates were 50–60% more inhibited by Nva-FMDP (8 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span> g/ml) compared to a FLC susceptible isolate. Fluconazole resistant strains displayed increased transcription of <em>CHS1, CHS2</em> and <em>CHS3,</em> and the chitin content of the fluconazole resistant strains was reduced following the Nva-FMDP treatment<em>.</em> Therefore, the higher chitin content in FLC resistant <em>C. auris</em> isolates may make the strain more susceptible to inhibition of the antifungal activity of the Nva-FMDP peptide conjugate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468233022000056/pdfft?md5=116e15e3913ed13bad2a3c8d00e6b500&pid=1-s2.0-S2468233022000056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42833030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery, mode of action and secretion of Burkholderia sensu lato key antimicrobial specialised metabolites","authors":"Yoana D. Petrova ,&nbsp;Eshwar Mahenthiralingam","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Burkholderia</em> sensu lato bacteria have genomes rich in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for multiple bioactive specialised metabolites. Diverse classes of antimicrobial natural products have been isolated from <em>Burkholderia</em>, including polyynes, shikimate pathway derivatives, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides and hybrid polyketide non-ribosomal peptides. We highlight examples of <em>Burkholderia</em> metabolites, overviewing their biosynthesis, bioactivity, mechanisms of action and secretion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40676554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of the fungal cargo induces significantly different temporal programmes of macrophage phagocytosis","authors":"María Fernanda Alonso ,&nbsp;Judith M. Bain ,&nbsp;Fiona M. Rudkin ,&nbsp;Lars P. Erwig ,&nbsp;Alistair J.P. Brown ,&nbsp;Neil A.R. Gow","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phagocytosis is an essential component of our immune defence against fungal pathogens. Differences in the dynamics of phagocyte migration, recognition, uptake and phagolysosome maturation are dependent on the characteristics of the fungal cargo, and in particular to differences in cell wall composition and cellular morphology. However, studies that have focused on phagocyte interactions with individual fungal species have not enabled comparisons in the kinetics of these interactions to be made between these different species. We therefore used live cell video microscopy to examine the temporal dynamics of phagocytosis for a range of fungal cargoes by thioglycollate–elicited peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. Uniform populations of macrophages were challenged at the same time with yeast cells of <em>Candida albicans</em>, <em>Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> and <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> (wild–type and an acapsular mutant, <em>cap</em>59Δ), and spores of <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> and <em>Mucor circinelloides</em> to enable standardized comparative interactions to be quantified from different stages of phagocytosis<em>.</em> Differences in the rate of uptake of fungal cells varied by up to 26–fold, whilst differences in time to induce phagosome acidification varied by as much as 29–fold. Heat-killing or opsonizing the fungal targets markedly affected the kinetics of the interaction in a species–specific manner. Fungal and macrophage killing assays further revealed cargo–specific differences in phagocytosis and diversity in fungal evasion mechanisms. Therefore, simultaneous assessment of the interaction of macrophages with different fungal pathogens highlighted major differences in the kinetics and growth responses during fungus–phagocyte interactions that are likely to impact on pathogenesis and virulence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9589029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9722796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}