Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100109
Vadim B. Krylov , Marcos Gómez-Redondo , Arsenii S. Solovev , Dmitry V. Yashunsky , Alistair J.P. Brown , Mark H.T. Stappers , Neil A.R. Gow , Ana Ardá , Jesús Jiménez-Barbero , Nikolay E. Nifantiev
{"title":"Identification of a new DC-SIGN binding pentamannoside epitope within the complex structure of Candida albicans mannan","authors":"Vadim B. Krylov , Marcos Gómez-Redondo , Arsenii S. Solovev , Dmitry V. Yashunsky , Alistair J.P. Brown , Mark H.T. Stappers , Neil A.R. Gow , Ana Ardá , Jesús Jiménez-Barbero , Nikolay E. Nifantiev","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is an innate immune C-type lectin receptor that recognizes carbohydrate-based pathogen associated with molecular patterns of various bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Although a range of highly mannosylated glycoproteins have been shown to induce signaling via DC-SIGN, precise structure of the recognized oligosaccharide epitope is still unclear. Using the array of oligosaccharides related to selected fragments of main fungal antigenic polysaccharides we revealed a highly specific pentamannoside ligand of DC-SIGN, consisting of α-(1 → 2)-linked mannose chains with one inner α-(1 → 3)-linked unit. This structural motif is present in <em>Candida albicans</em> cell wall mannan and corresponds to its antigenic factors 4 and 13b. This epitope is not ubiquitous in other yeast species and may account for the species-specific nature of fungal recognition via DC-SIGN. The discovered highly specific oligosaccharide ligands of DC-SIGN are tractable tools for interdisciplinary investigations of mechanisms of fungal innate immunity and anti-<em>Candida</em> defense. Ligand- and receptor-based NMR data demonstrated the pentasaccharide-to-DC-SIGN interaction in solution and enabled the deciphering of the interaction topology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49892788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100108
Fleur E.L. Kleijburg , Adil A. Safeer , Marc Baldus , Han A.B. Wösten
{"title":"Binding of micro-nutrients to the cell wall of the fungus Schizophyllum commune","authors":"Fleur E.L. Kleijburg , Adil A. Safeer , Marc Baldus , Han A.B. Wösten","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cell wall fulfils several functions in the biology of fungi. For instance, it provides mechanical strength, interacts with the (a)biotic environment, and acts as a molecular sieve. Recently, it was shown that proteins and β-glucans in the cell wall of <em>Schizophyllum commune</em> bind Cu<sup>2+</sup>. We here show that the cell wall of this mushroom forming fungus also binds other (micro-)nutrients. Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> bound at levels > 1 mg per gram dry weight cell wall, while binding of BO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup> and MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was lower. Sorption of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> was promoted at alkaline pH. These compounds as well as BO<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> that had bound at pH 4, 6, or 8 could be released from the cell wall at pH 4 with a maximum efficiency of 46–93 %. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy showed that the metals had the same binding sites as Cu<sup>2+</sup> when a low concentration of this ion is used. Moreover, data indicate that anions bind to the cell wall as well as to the metal ions. Together, it is shown that the cell wall of <em>S. commune</em> binds various (micro-)nutrients and that this binding is higher than the uptake by hyphae. The binding to the cell wall may be used as a storage mechanism or may reduce availability of these molecules to competitors or prevent toxic influx in the cytoplasm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49788972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540062
Dhara Malavia-Jones, Rhys A. Farrer, M. Stappers, Matt B. Edmondson, A. Borman, Elizabeth M. Johnson, P. Lipke, N. Gow
{"title":"Strain and temperature dependent aggregation of Candida auris is attenuated by inhibition of surface amyloid proteins","authors":"Dhara Malavia-Jones, Rhys A. Farrer, M. Stappers, Matt B. Edmondson, A. Borman, Elizabeth M. Johnson, P. Lipke, N. Gow","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.09.540062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.09.540062","url":null,"abstract":"Candida auris is a multi-drug resistant human fungal pathogen that has become a global threat to human health due to its drug resistant phenotype, persistence in the hospital environment and propensity for patient to patient spread. Isolates display variable aggregation that may affect the relative virulence of strains. Therefore, dissection of this phenotype has gained substantial interest in recent years. We studied eight clinical isolates from four different clades (I-IV); four of which had a strongly aggregating phenotype and four of which did not. Genome analysis identified polymorphisms associated with loss of cell surface proteins were enriched in weakly-aggregating strains. Additionally, we identified down-regulation of chitin synthase and chitinase genes involved in the synthesis and dissolution of the chitinous septum. Characterisation of the cells revealed no ultrastructural defects in cytokinesis or cell separation in aggregating isolates. Strongly and weakly aggregating strains did not differ in net surface charge or in cell surface hydrophobicity. The capacity for aggregation and for adhesion to polystyrene microspheres were also not correlated. However, aggregation and extracellular matrix formation were all increased at higher growth temperatures, and treatment with the amyloid protein inhibitor Thioflavin-T markedly attenuated aggregation. Genome analysis further indicated strain specific differences in the genome content of GPI-anchored proteins including those encoding genes with the potential to form amyloid proteins. Collectively our data suggests that aggregation is a complex strain and temperature dependent phenomenon that may be linked in part to the ability to form extracellular matrix and cell surface amyloids. HIGHLIGHTS The amyloid inhibitor Thioflavin-T inhibited C. auris aggregation. Aggregating isolates do not exhibit any defects in cell separation. Genomic differences were identified between strongly aggregating and weakly-aggregating strains of C. auris. Aggregation did not correlate with surface charge or hydrophobicity of yeast cells.","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43782154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100106
María Fernanda Alonso , Judith M. Bain , Fiona M. Rudkin , Lars P. Erwig , Alistair J.P. Brown , Neil A.R. Gow
{"title":"Erratum to “The nature of the fungal cargo induces significantly different temporal programmes of macrophage phagocytosis” [Cell Surf. 8 (2022) 100082]","authors":"María Fernanda Alonso , Judith M. Bain , Fiona M. Rudkin , Lars P. Erwig , Alistair J.P. Brown , Neil A.R. Gow","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311237/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100105
Daipayan Sarkar , Lintao Bu , Joseph E. Jakes , Jacob K. Zieba , Isaiah D. Kaufman , Michael F. Crowley , Peter N. Ciesielski , Josh V. Vermaas
{"title":"Diffusion in intact secondary cell wall models of plants at different equilibrium moisture content","authors":"Daipayan Sarkar , Lintao Bu , Joseph E. Jakes , Jacob K. Zieba , Isaiah D. Kaufman , Michael F. Crowley , Peter N. Ciesielski , Josh V. Vermaas","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Secondary plant cell walls are composed of carbohydrate and lignin polymers, and collectively represent a significant renewable resource. Leveraging these resources depends in part on a mechanistic understanding for diffusive processes within plant cell walls. Common wood protection treatments and biomass conversion processes to create biorefinery feedstocks feature ion or solvent diffusion within the cell wall. X-ray fluorescence microscopy experiments have determined that ionic diffusion rates are dependent on cell wall hydration as well as the ionic species through non-linear relationships. In this work, we use classical molecular dynamics simulations to map the diffusion behavior of different plant cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), ions (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>) and water within a model for an intact plant cell wall at various hydration states (3–30 wt% water). From these simulations, we analyze the contacts between different plant cell wall components with each other and their interaction with the ions. Generally, diffusion increases with increasing hydration, with lignin and hemicellulose components increasing diffusion by an order of magnitude over the tested hydration range. Ion diffusion depends on charge. Positively charged cations preferentially interact with hemicellulose components, which include negatively charged carboxylates. As a result, positive ions diffuse more slowly than negatively charged ions. Measured diffusion coefficients are largely observed to best fit piecewise linear trends, with an inflection point between 10 and 15% hydration. These observations shed light onto the molecular mechanisms for diffusive processes within secondary plant cell walls at atomic resolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10090443/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9671152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100104
David Pereira , Thomas Alline , Sébastjen Schoenaers , Atef Asnacios
{"title":"In vivo measurement of the Young’s modulus of the cell wall of single root hairs","authors":"David Pereira , Thomas Alline , Sébastjen Schoenaers , Atef Asnacios","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root hairs are cells from the root epidermis that grow as long tubular bulges perpendicular to the root. They can grow in a variety of mechanical or chemical environments. Their mechanical properties are mainly due to their stiff cell wall which also constitutes a physical barrier between the cell and its environment. Thus, it is essential to be able to quantify the cell wall mechanical properties and their adaptation to environmental cues. Here, we present a technique we developed to measure the Young’s (elastic) modulus of the root hair cell wall. In essence, using custom-made glass microplates as cantilevers of calibrated stiffness, we are able to measure the force necessary to bend a single living root hair. From these experiments one can determine the stiffness and Young’s modulus of the root hair cell wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/9e/main.PMC10015226.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9141105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100103
Raymond Wightman
{"title":"Observing cellulose synthases at emerging secondary thickenings in developing xylem vessels of the plant root using airyscan confocal microscopy","authors":"Raymond Wightman","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Movement of cellulose synthase particles have so far been observed on the plant epidermis that are amenable to confocal imaging, yielding appreciable signal and resolution to observe small plasma membrane-localised particles. Presented here is a method, using airyscan confocal microscopy, that permits similar information to be obtained at depth within the developing protoxylem vessels of intact roots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/23/main.PMC9996086.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9103061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100102
Yingxuan Ma , Kim Johnson
{"title":"Arabinogalactan proteins – Multifunctional glycoproteins of the plant cell wall","authors":"Yingxuan Ma , Kim Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are cell wall glycoproteins that make up a relatively small component of the extracellular matrix of plants yet have significant influence on wall mechanics and signalling. Present in walls of algae, bryophytes and angiosperms, AGPs have a wide range of functional roles, from signalling, cell expansion and division, embryogenesis, responses to abiotic and biotic stress, plant growth and development. AGPs interact with and influence wall matrix components and plasma membrane proteins to regulate developmental pathways and growth responses, yet the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Comprising a large gene family that is highly diverse, from minimally to highly glycosylated members, varying in their glycan heterogeneity, can be plasma membrane bound or secreted into the extracellular matrix, have members that are highly tissue specific to those with constitutive expression; all these factors have made it extremely challenging to categorise AGPs many qualities and roles. Here we attempt to define some key features of AGPs and their biological functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/e9/main.PMC9974416.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10844521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell SurfacePub Date : 2023-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100101
Thomas M. Curry , Maria J. Peña , Breeanna R. Urbanowicz
{"title":"An update on xylan structure, biosynthesis, and potential commercial applications","authors":"Thomas M. Curry , Maria J. Peña , Breeanna R. Urbanowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36539,"journal":{"name":"Cell Surface","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/03/main.PMC9898438.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10725199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}