Neuroscience Insights最新文献

{"title":"Regarding: High Correlations Among Worldwide Prevalences of Dementias, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Motor Neuron Diseases Indicate Common Causative Factors.","authors":"Jussi Ot Sipilä","doi":"10.1177/26331055221129634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221129634","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Editor, I read the analysis of Worldwide Prevalences of Dementias, Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Motor Neuron Diseases by James and Georgopoulos with great interest.1 This kind of epidemiological analysis is of great importance in our common quest to elucidate the causes and mechanisms of neurological diseases.2 These endeavours are all the more importance as populations age making neurodegenerative disorders increasingly common.3 However, more granular data may show previous countrylevel analyses inadequate.4 Indeed, for example in Finland the areas with high occurrence of PD, MS and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are clearly separate: PD is most common in the middle parts of the country, with a belt of high PD incidence going across ‘the waist’ of Finland whereas MS is most common in a single Bothnian region and the southwest while ALS is most commonly found in the southeastern parts of the country.5-8 Unfortunately, no current studies on the incidence and prevalence of dementia in Finland are available. There are also marked regional differences in MS epidemiology in Norway and these do not seem to have a clear correlation with ALS rates in the country.9-12 On the other hand, Scotland’s 12 administrative regions have comparable ALS incidence whereas MS incidence shows a Southeast-Northwest gradient.13,14 It therefore seems that the conclusion concerning putative common causative factors may have been premature since regional data would be expected to show these even more clearly than country-level data. Indeed, it should also be noted that the genetic background and the effect of many already identified environmental risk factors differs between these disorders, the most obvious probably being the discrepancy between AD, MS and the smoking paradox of PD.15 The mechanisms behind these disorders are therefore also likely to differ considerably. Identifying their causes requires long-term, granular epidemiological data and direct comparisons between regions.2","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221129634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/78/10.1177_26331055221129634.PMC9623354.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40453731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heads Up! Interlinked Amyloidogenic and Axonal Transport Pathways in Concussion-Induced Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Angels Almenar-Queralt,&nbsp;Rodrigo Dos Santos Chaves,&nbsp;Ester J Kwon,&nbsp;Sameer B Shah","doi":"10.1177/26331055221129641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221129641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), a condition in which brain function is transiently disrupted by a mechanical force, is a major risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. In this commentary, we summarize recent findings in human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, detailing early neuronal events following mild injury that may seed future neurodegeneration. In particular, we discuss interlinked relationships between mTBI and several biological pathways hypothesized to underlie AD progression, including amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), impairment of axonal transport, and the development of APP-associated axonal swellings. We also describe the implications of these findings for future mechanistic and translational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221129641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9580075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion in the Clearance of Aggregated Aβ In Vivo Using Amyloid Selective Photo-Oxygenation Technology.","authors":"Yukiko Hori,&nbsp;Youhei Sohma,&nbsp;Motomu Kanai,&nbsp;Taisuke Tomita","doi":"10.1177/26331055221126179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221126179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the aggregation and deposition of 2 amyloid proteins: amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein. Immunotherapies using anti-Aβ antibodies to promote the clearance of aggregated Aβ have recently been highlighted as a promising disease-modifying approach against AD. However, immunotherapy has still some problems, such as low efficiency of delivery into the brain and high costs. We have developed the \"amyloid selective photo-oxygenation technology\" as a comparable to immunotherapy for amyloids. The photo-oxygenation can artificially attach the oxygen atoms to specific amino acids in amyloid proteins using photocatalyst and light irradiation. We revealed that in vivo photo-oxygenation for living AD model mice reduced the aggregated Aβ in the brain. Moreover, we also showed that microglia were responsible for this promoted clearance of photo-oxygenated Aβ from the brain. These results indicated that our photo-oxygenation technology has the potential as a disease-modifying therapy against AD to promote the degradation of amyloids, resulting in being comparable to immunotherapy. Here, we introduce our technology and its effects in vivo that we showed previously in Ozawa et al., <i>Brain</i>, 2021, as well as a further improvement towards non-invasive in vivo photo-oxygenation described in another publication Nagashima et al., <i>Sci. Adv.</i>, 2021, as expanded discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221126179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/a5/10.1177_26331055221126179.PMC9523840.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Circulating Aβ Seeds in the Progression of Cerebral Amyloidosis.","authors":"Nazaret Gamez, Rodrigo Morales","doi":"10.1177/26331055221123072","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055221123072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While understudied, it is suspected that peripheral Aβ peptides affect Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated pathological changes in the brain. The peripheral sink hypothesis postulates that the central and peripheral pools of Aβ co-exist in equilibrium. As such, cerebral amyloid levels may be modulated by intervening circulating Aβ. In this commentary, we discuss relevant literature supporting the potential role of peripheral Aβ in exacerbating brain amyloidosis in both humans and mouse models of AD. Moreover, we highlight the need to further understand the mechanisms by which circulating Aβ peptides may reach the brain and contribute to neuropathology. Finally, we discuss the implications of targeting peripheral Aβ as a therapeutic approach in treating AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"26331055221123072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/31/e3/10.1177_26331055221123072.PMC9493672.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9504455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fly Blood-Brain Barrier Fights Against Nutritional Stress.","authors":"Esteban G Contreras,&nbsp;Jimena Sierralta","doi":"10.1177/26331055221120252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221120252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the wild, animals face different challenges including multiple events of food scarcity. How they overcome these conditions is essential for survival. Thus, adaptation mechanisms evolved to allow the development and survival of an organism during nutrient restriction periods. Given the high energy demand of the nervous system, the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to malnutrition are of great relevance to fuel the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and the circulatory system. The BBB mediates the transport of macromolecules in and out of the CNS, and therefore, it can buffer changes in nutrient availability. In this review, we collect the current evidence using the fruit fly, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, as a model of the role of the BBB in the adaptation to starvation. We discuss the role of the <i>Drosophila</i> BBB during nutrient deprivation as a potential sensor for circulating nutrients, and transient nutrient storage as a regulator of the CNS neurogenic niche.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221120252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/72/10.1177_26331055221120252.PMC9549514.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33504013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Distributed Model of Face and Body Integration.","authors":"Celia Foster","doi":"10.1177/26331055221119221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221119221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Separated face- and body-responsive brain networks have been identified that show strong responses when observers view faces and bodies. It has been proposed that face and body processing may be initially separated in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex and then combined into a whole person representation in the anterior temporal cortex, or elsewhere in the brain. However, in contrast to this proposal, our recent study identified a common coding of face and body orientation (ie, facing direction) in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex, demonstrating an integration of face and body information at an early stage of face and body processing. These results, in combination with findings that show integration of face and body identity in the lateral occipitotemporal, parahippocampal and superior parietal cortex, and face and body emotional expression in the posterior superior temporal sulcus and medial prefrontal cortex, suggest that face and body integration may be more distributed than previously considered. I propose a new model of face and body integration, where areas at the intersection of face- and body-responsive regions play a role in integrating specific properties of faces and bodies, and distributed regions across the brain contribute to high-level, abstract integration of shared face and body properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221119221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/08/10.1177_26331055221119221.PMC9386443.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40628224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brain Understands Social Relationships: The Emerging Field of Functional-Connectome-Based Interpersonal Research.","authors":"Shogo Kajimura,&nbsp;Ayahito Ito","doi":"10.1177/26331055221119443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221119443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human functional brain imaging research over the last 2 decades has shown that data from resting-state brain activity can help predict various psychological and pathological variables and brain function during tasks. However, most variables have been attributed to the individual brain. Recently, several studies have aimed to understand interpersonal relationships based on inter-individual similarity or dissimilarity of functional connectome. In this commentary, we introduce the studies that have opened up a new era of interpersonal research using human brain imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221119443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/f4/10.1177_26331055221119443.PMC9386479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40628225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Endovascular Therapy for Intracranial Aneurysms: Historical Perspective and Next Frontiers.","authors":"Dimitri Laurent,&nbsp;Brandon Lucke-Wold,&nbsp;Owen Leary,&nbsp;Morgan H Randall,&nbsp;Ken Porche,&nbsp;Matthew Koch,&nbsp;Nohra Chalouhi,&nbsp;Adam Polifka,&nbsp;Brian L Hoh","doi":"10.1177/26331055221117560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221117560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history of cerebral aneurysm treatment has a rich and storied past with multiple notable luminaries contributing insights. The modern era has transitioned from primarily clip ligation to increasing use of endovascular therapy. Even more recently, the use of intrasaccular flow diverters has been introduced for the treatment of wide necked aneurysms. The field is continuing to transform, and bioactive coils and stents have resurfaced as promising adjuvants to promote aneurysm healing. Advanced imaging modalities are being developed that could further advance the endovascular arsenal and allow for porous memory polymer devices to enter the field. This focused review highlights notable historic contributions and advances to the point of futuristic technology that is actively being developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221117560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/cc/10.1177_26331055221117560.PMC9340900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40583107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left Amygdala Functional Connectivity Decreased after Fear of Negative Events was Disregarded in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Xian-Zhang Hu","doi":"10.1177/26331055221114823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221114823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating mental disorder that affects patients throughout their lives, leading to a diminished quality of life for patients and families, reduced productivity, and higher health care costs. It is of clinical and theoretical importance to investigate a more efficacious therapeutic approach for OCD and the neurophysiological mechanism underlying the efficacy of treatment, potentially associated with the etiology of OCD. Recently, a novel psychotherapy designated cognitive-coping therapy (CCT) has been reported to have a large effect size in OCD treatment. CCT hypothesizes that fear of negative events plays a crucial role in OCD. The study entitled \"Decreased left amygdala functional connectivity by cognitive-coping therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder\" attempted to investigate the potential neurophysiological mechanism underlying the efficacy of CCT for OCD. The study provides crystal evidence showing that 4-week pharmacotherapy plus CCT decreases the left amygdala seed-based functional connectivity (LA-FC) with the right anterior cingulate gyrus and the left paracentral lobule/the left superior parietal/left inferior parietal, and 4-week CCT decreases the LA-FC with the left middle occipital gyrus/the left superior parietal. The alteration of the LA-FC with the right anterior cingulate gyrus positively correlates to the reduction of the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) score. Therefore, it provides new insights into understanding the neurophysiology and neuropsychology behind the onset and treatment of OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221114823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/eb/10.1177_26331055221114823.PMC9445531.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33454920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Perturbation-Based Training in the Treatment of Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Salaheldien Mohamed Alayat,&nbsp;Nahla Ahmad Almatrafi,&nbsp;Amir Abdel Raouf El Fiky,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohamed Elsodany,&nbsp;Tamer Mohamed Shousha,&nbsp;Reem Basuodan","doi":"10.1177/26331055221114818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055221114818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of perturbation-based training (PBT) on balance and balance confidence in patients with stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic searching was performed from inception to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were RCTs assessed the effectiveness of PBT in patients with stroke. Data regarding participants, intervention parameters, outcome measures, follow-up, and main results were extracted. The outcomes were balance and balance confidence. Methodological quality and quality of evidence were assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system; respectively.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A total of 7 articles )271 patients) were included. A meta-analysis using a random-effect model was performed on 6 studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated for balance and balance confidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PEDro scale revealed 5 good-quality and 2 fair-quality studies. The currently available evidence showed significant effect of PBT in improving balance (SMD 0.60 [95% CI 0.15-1.06]; <i>P</i> = .01; very low-quality evidence) and non-significant in improving balance confidence (SMD 0.11 [95% CI -0.24 to 0.45]; <i>P</i> = .55; low-quality evidence).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PBT may improve balance in patients with stroke, however its effect on balance confidence was limited. The quality of the evidence was low or very low with little confidence in the effect estimate, which suggests further high-quality trials are required.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration number (CRD42021291474).</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055221114818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/1d/10.1177_26331055221114818.PMC9329815.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40572352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}