Neuroscience Insights最新文献_第9页

Combining fMRI and Eye-tracking for the Study of Social Cognition. 结合fMRI和眼动追踪技术研究社会认知。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-12-16 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211065497

Kristin Marie Rusch

{"title":"Combining fMRI and Eye-tracking for the Study of Social Cognition.","authors":"Kristin Marie Rusch","doi":"10.1177/26331055211065497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211065497","url":null,"abstract":"The study of social cognition with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) affords the use of complex stimulus material. Visual attention to distinct aspects of these stimuli can result in the involvement of remarkably different neural systems. Usually, the influence of gaze on neural signal is either disregarded or dealt with by controlling gaze of participants through instructions or tasks. However, behavioral restrictions like this limit the study's ecological validity. Thus, it would be preferable if participants freely look at the stimuli while their gaze traces are measured. Yet several impediments hamper a combination of fMRI and eye-tracking. In our recent work on neural Theory of Mind processes in alexithymia, we propose a simple way of integrating dwell time on specific stimulus features into general linear models of fMRI data. By parametrically modeling fixations, we were able to distinguish neural processes asssociated with specific stimulus features looked at. Here, I discuss opportunities and obstacles of this approach in more detail. My goal is to motivate a wider use of parametric models - usually implemented in common fMRI software packages - to combine fMRI and eye-tracking data.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/c0/10.1177_26331055211065497.PMC8689432.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39761107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Progression of Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: Through the Lens of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles. 认知障碍到阿尔茨海默病的进展:通过唾液细胞外囊泡的透镜。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-11-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211058687

Simran Rastogi, Komal Rani, Saroj Kumar

{"title":"Progression of Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: Through the Lens of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles.","authors":"Simran Rastogi, Komal Rani, Saroj Kumar","doi":"10.1177/26331055211058687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211058687","url":null,"abstract":"The elusiveness encircling around the domain of cognition, its impairment, and the poor prognosis of Alzheimer's disease has made early diagnosis a necessity. The noticeable symptoms in these conditions appear years later after the neuropathological changes occur in the brain. Exosomes, a small-sized extracellular vesicle facilitate intercellular communication of disease pathologies and their cargo can provide molecular information about its place of origin. The study titled \"A novel approach to correlate the salivary exosomes and their protein cargo in the progression of cognitive impairment into Alzheimer's disease\" was an attempt toward understanding the role of salivary small-sized extracellular vesicular (EV's) cargo in monitoring the progression. Outcomes of the study represent, that the salivary small-sized EV's (ssEV's) levels were higher in the cognitively impaired and Alzheimer's diseased as well the differential expression of the protein in the cargo correlates well with the disease severity staging. Thus, it can help in the development of an early non-invasive screening method.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/d9/10.1177_26331055211058687.PMC8637705.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39696530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Alcohol-induced Aggression. 饮酒导致的侵略。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-11-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211061145

Nigel S Atkinson

{"title":"Alcohol-induced Aggression.","authors":"Nigel S Atkinson","doi":"10.1177/26331055211061145","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055211061145","url":null,"abstract":"Intraspecies aggression is commonly focused on securing reproductive resources such as food, territory, and mates, and it is often males who do the fighting. In humans, individual acts of overt physical aggression seem maladaptive and probably represent dysregulation of the pathways underlying aggression. Such acts are often associated with ethanol consumption. The Drosophila melanogaster model system, which has long been used to study how ethanol affects the nervous system and behavior, has also been used to study the molecular origins of aggression. In addition, ethanol-induced aggression has been demonstrated in flies. Recent publications show that ethanol stimulates Drosophila aggression in 2 ways: the odor of ethanol and the consumption of ethanol both make males more aggressive. These ethanol effects occur at concentrations that flies likely experience in the wild. A picture emerges of males arriving on their preferred reproductive site-fermenting plant matter-and being stimulated by ethanol to fight harder to secure the site for their own use. Fly fighting assays appear to be a suitable bioassay for studying how low doses of ethanol reshape neural signaling.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/8b/10.1177_26331055211061145.PMC8611288.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39674466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Spanish Composer Manuel de Falla and His Eyes: The Musical Brain. 西班牙作曲家曼努埃尔·德·法拉和他的眼睛:音乐大脑。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-10-26 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211049778

Alicia García-Falgueras, Dick F Swaab

引用次数: 1

Alzheimer's and Consciousness: How Much Subjectivity Is Objective? 阿尔茨海默氏症与意识：主观在多大程度上是客观的？

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211033869

Vladan Bajic, Natasa Misic, Ivana Stankovic, Bozidarka Zaric, George Perry

{"title":"Alzheimer's and Consciousness: How Much Subjectivity Is Objective?","authors":"Vladan Bajic, Natasa Misic, Ivana Stankovic, Bozidarka Zaric, George Perry","doi":"10.1177/26331055211033869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055211033869","url":null,"abstract":"Does Alzheimer Disease show a decline in cognitive functions that relate to the awareness of external reality? In this paper, we will propose a perspective that patients with increasing symptoms of AD show a change in the awareness of subjective versus objective representative axis of reality thus consequently move to a more internal like perception of reality. This paradigm shift suggests that new insights into the dynamicity of the conscious representation of reality in the AD brain may give us new clues to the very early signs of memory and self-awareness impairment that originates from, in our view the microtubules. Dialog between Adso and William, in Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose, Third Day: Vespers. \"But how does it happen,\" I said with admiration, \"that you were able to solve the mystery of the library looking at it from the outside, and you were unable to solve it when you were inside?\" \"Thus, God knows the world, because He conceived it in His mind, as if it was from the outside, before it was created, and we do not know its rule, because we live inside it, having found it already made.\"","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211033869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39279025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Engineering Safer Psychedelics for Treating Addiction. 工程更安全的迷幻药治疗成瘾。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-07-20 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211033847

Jamie Peters, David E Olson

{"title":"Engineering Safer Psychedelics for Treating Addiction.","authors":"Jamie Peters, David E Olson","doi":"10.1177/26331055211033847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211033847","url":null,"abstract":"Addiction is best described as a disorder of maladaptive neuroplasticity involving the simultaneous strengthening of reward circuitry that drives compulsive drug seeking and weakening of circuits involved in executive control over harmful behaviors. Psychedelics have shown great promise for treating addiction, with many people attributing their therapeutic effects to insights gained while under the influence of the drug. However, psychedelics are also potent psychoplastogens-molecules capable of rapidly re-wiring the adult brain. The advent of non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens with anti-addictive properties raises the intriguing possibility that hallucinations might not be necessary for all therapeutic effects of psychedelic-based medicines, so long as the underlying pathological neural circuitry can be remedied. One of these non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens, tabernanthalog (TBG), appears to have long-lasting therapeutic effects in preclinical models relevant to alcohol and opioid addiction. Here, we discuss the implications of these results for the development of addiction treatments, as well as the next steps for advancing TBG and related non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens as addiction therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211033847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39277625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Role of Interleukin33 in Rejuvenation of Aged Neurons and Age-Related Dementias. 白细胞介素 33 在老化神经元和老年痴呆症中的作用

IF 2.9

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-07-19 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211030251

Yahuan Lou

引用次数: 0

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness. 迷走神经刺激改善海湾战争疾病小鼠模型的认知障碍和海马星形胶质细胞增加。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018456

Lavanya Venkatasamy, Damir Nizamutdinov, Jaclyn Jenkins, Lee A Shapiro

{"title":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness.","authors":"Lavanya Venkatasamy, Damir Nizamutdinov, Jaclyn Jenkins, Lee A Shapiro","doi":"10.1177/26331055211018456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211018456","url":null,"abstract":"Gulf war illness (GWI), is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has impacted approximately one-third of the veterans who served in the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War. GWI symptoms include cognitive impairments (eg, memory and concentration problems), headaches, migraines, fatigue, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, as well as emotional deficits. The exposure to neurological chemicals such as the anti-nerve gas drug, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and the insecticide permethrin (PER), may contribute to the etiologically related factors of GWI. Various studies utilizing mouse models of GWI have reported the interplay of these chemical agents in increasing neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Astrocytes are involved in the secretion of neuroinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pathological conditions and have been implicated in GWI symptomology. We hypothesized that exposure to PB and PER causes lasting changes to hippocampal astrocytes, concurrent with chronic cognitive deficits that can be reversed by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). GWI was induced in CD1 mice by injecting the mixture of PER (200 mg/kg) and PB (2 mg/kg), i.p. for 10 consecutive days. VNS stimulators were implanted at 33 weeks after GWI induction. The results show age-related cognitive alterations at approximately 9 months after exposure to PB and PER. The results also showed an increased number of GFAP-labeled astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus that was ameliorated by VNS.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211018456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39076275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Is There a Brain Microbiome? 大脑中有微生物群吗?

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-27 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018709

Christopher D Link

引用次数: 25

Adaptive Immune Responses Associated with the Central Nervous System Pathology of Gulf War Illness. 适应性免疫反应与海湾战争疾病中枢神经系统病理相关。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018458

Aurore Nkiliza, Utsav Joshi, James E Evans, Ghania Ait-Ghezala, Megan Parks, Fiona Crawford, Michael Mullan, Laila Abdullah

引用次数: 3