Neuroscience Insights最新文献_第10页

Combining fMRI and Eye-tracking for the Study of Social Cognition. 结合fMRI和眼动追踪技术研究社会认知。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-12-16 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211065497

Kristin Marie Rusch

{"title":"Combining fMRI and Eye-tracking for the Study of Social Cognition.","authors":"Kristin Marie Rusch","doi":"10.1177/26331055211065497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211065497","url":null,"abstract":"The study of social cognition with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) affords the use of complex stimulus material. Visual attention to distinct aspects of these stimuli can result in the involvement of remarkably different neural systems. Usually, the influence of gaze on neural signal is either disregarded or dealt with by controlling gaze of participants through instructions or tasks. However, behavioral restrictions like this limit the study's ecological validity. Thus, it would be preferable if participants freely look at the stimuli while their gaze traces are measured. Yet several impediments hamper a combination of fMRI and eye-tracking. In our recent work on neural Theory of Mind processes in alexithymia, we propose a simple way of integrating dwell time on specific stimulus features into general linear models of fMRI data. By parametrically modeling fixations, we were able to distinguish neural processes asssociated with specific stimulus features looked at. Here, I discuss opportunities and obstacles of this approach in more detail. My goal is to motivate a wider use of parametric models - usually implemented in common fMRI software packages - to combine fMRI and eye-tracking data.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211065497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/c0/10.1177_26331055211065497.PMC8689432.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39761107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Progression of Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: Through the Lens of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles. 认知障碍到阿尔茨海默病的进展:通过唾液细胞外囊泡的透镜。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-11-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211058687

Simran Rastogi, Komal Rani, Saroj Kumar

{"title":"Progression of Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: Through the Lens of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles.","authors":"Simran Rastogi, Komal Rani, Saroj Kumar","doi":"10.1177/26331055211058687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211058687","url":null,"abstract":"The elusiveness encircling around the domain of cognition, its impairment, and the poor prognosis of Alzheimer's disease has made early diagnosis a necessity. The noticeable symptoms in these conditions appear years later after the neuropathological changes occur in the brain. Exosomes, a small-sized extracellular vesicle facilitate intercellular communication of disease pathologies and their cargo can provide molecular information about its place of origin. The study titled \"A novel approach to correlate the salivary exosomes and their protein cargo in the progression of cognitive impairment into Alzheimer's disease\" was an attempt toward understanding the role of salivary small-sized extracellular vesicular (EV's) cargo in monitoring the progression. Outcomes of the study represent, that the salivary small-sized EV's (ssEV's) levels were higher in the cognitively impaired and Alzheimer's diseased as well the differential expression of the protein in the cargo correlates well with the disease severity staging. Thus, it can help in the development of an early non-invasive screening method.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211058687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/d9/10.1177_26331055211058687.PMC8637705.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39696530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Spanish Composer Manuel de Falla and His Eyes: The Musical Brain. 西班牙作曲家曼努埃尔·德·法拉和他的眼睛:音乐大脑。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-10-26 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211049778

Alicia García-Falgueras, Dick F Swaab

引用次数: 1

Engineering Safer Psychedelics for Treating Addiction. 工程更安全的迷幻药治疗成瘾。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-07-20 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211033847

Jamie Peters, David E Olson

{"title":"Engineering Safer Psychedelics for Treating Addiction.","authors":"Jamie Peters, David E Olson","doi":"10.1177/26331055211033847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211033847","url":null,"abstract":"Addiction is best described as a disorder of maladaptive neuroplasticity involving the simultaneous strengthening of reward circuitry that drives compulsive drug seeking and weakening of circuits involved in executive control over harmful behaviors. Psychedelics have shown great promise for treating addiction, with many people attributing their therapeutic effects to insights gained while under the influence of the drug. However, psychedelics are also potent psychoplastogens-molecules capable of rapidly re-wiring the adult brain. The advent of non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens with anti-addictive properties raises the intriguing possibility that hallucinations might not be necessary for all therapeutic effects of psychedelic-based medicines, so long as the underlying pathological neural circuitry can be remedied. One of these non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens, tabernanthalog (TBG), appears to have long-lasting therapeutic effects in preclinical models relevant to alcohol and opioid addiction. Here, we discuss the implications of these results for the development of addiction treatments, as well as the next steps for advancing TBG and related non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens as addiction therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211033847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211033847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39277625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness. 迷走神经刺激改善海湾战争疾病小鼠模型的认知障碍和海马星形胶质细胞增加。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018456

Lavanya Venkatasamy, Damir Nizamutdinov, Jaclyn Jenkins, Lee A Shapiro

{"title":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness.","authors":"Lavanya Venkatasamy, Damir Nizamutdinov, Jaclyn Jenkins, Lee A Shapiro","doi":"10.1177/26331055211018456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211018456","url":null,"abstract":"Gulf war illness (GWI), is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has impacted approximately one-third of the veterans who served in the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War. GWI symptoms include cognitive impairments (eg, memory and concentration problems), headaches, migraines, fatigue, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, as well as emotional deficits. The exposure to neurological chemicals such as the anti-nerve gas drug, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and the insecticide permethrin (PER), may contribute to the etiologically related factors of GWI. Various studies utilizing mouse models of GWI have reported the interplay of these chemical agents in increasing neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Astrocytes are involved in the secretion of neuroinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pathological conditions and have been implicated in GWI symptomology. We hypothesized that exposure to PB and PER causes lasting changes to hippocampal astrocytes, concurrent with chronic cognitive deficits that can be reversed by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). GWI was induced in CD1 mice by injecting the mixture of PER (200 mg/kg) and PB (2 mg/kg), i.p. for 10 consecutive days. VNS stimulators were implanted at 33 weeks after GWI induction. The results show age-related cognitive alterations at approximately 9 months after exposure to PB and PER. The results also showed an increased number of GFAP-labeled astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus that was ameliorated by VNS.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211018456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211018456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39076275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Is There a Brain Microbiome? 大脑中有微生物群吗?

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-27 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018709

Christopher D Link

引用次数: 25

Adaptive Immune Responses Associated with the Central Nervous System Pathology of Gulf War Illness. 适应性免疫反应与海湾战争疾病中枢神经系统病理相关。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018458

Aurore Nkiliza, Utsav Joshi, James E Evans, Ghania Ait-Ghezala, Megan Parks, Fiona Crawford, Michael Mullan, Laila Abdullah

{"title":"Adaptive Immune Responses Associated with the Central Nervous System Pathology of Gulf War Illness.","authors":"Aurore Nkiliza, Utsav Joshi, James E Evans, Ghania Ait-Ghezala, Megan Parks, Fiona Crawford, Michael Mullan, Laila Abdullah","doi":"10.1177/26331055211018458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211018458","url":null,"abstract":"Gulf War Illness is a multisymptomatic condition which affects 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War. While there is evidence for a role of peripheral cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness, a potential role of the adaptive immune system in the central nervous system pathology of this condition remains unknown. Furthermore, many of the clinical features of Gulf War Illness resembles those of autoimmune diseases, but the biological processes are likely different as the etiology of Gulf War Illness is linked to hazardous chemical exposures specific to the Gulf War theatre. This review discusses Gulf War chemical-induced maladaptive immune responses and a potential role of cellular and humoral immune responses that may be relevant to the central nervous system symptoms and pathology of Gulf War Illness. The discussion may stimulate investigations into adaptive immunity for developing novel therapies for Gulf War Illness.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211018458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211018458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38995911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Carbamate, Physostigmine does not Impair Axonal Transport in Rat Cortical Neurons. 氨基甲酸盐、毒豆碱不影响大鼠皮质神经元轴突转运。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-05-24 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211020289

Sean X Naughton, Wayne D Beck, Zhe Wei, Guangyu Wu, Peter W Baas, Alvin V Terry

{"title":"The Carbamate, Physostigmine does not Impair Axonal Transport in Rat Cortical Neurons.","authors":"Sean X Naughton, Wayne D Beck, Zhe Wei, Guangyu Wu, Peter W Baas, Alvin V Terry","doi":"10.1177/26331055211020289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211020289","url":null,"abstract":"Among the various chemicals that are commonly used as pesticides, organophosphates (OPs), and to a lesser extent, carbamates, are most frequently associated with adverse long-term neurological consequences. OPs and the carbamate, pyridostigmine, used as a prophylactic drug against potential nerve agent attacks, have also been implicated in Gulf War Illness (GWI), which is often characterized by chronic neurological symptoms. While most OP- and carbamate-based pesticides, and pyridostigmine are relatively potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), this toxicological mechanism is inadequate to explain their long-term health effects, especially when no signs of acute cholinergic toxicity are exhibited. Our previous work suggests that a potential mechanism of the long-term neurological deficits associated with OPs is impairment of axonal transport (AXT); however, we had not previously evaluated carbamates for this effect. Here we thus evaluated the carbamate, physostigmine (PHY), a highly potent AChEI, on AXT using an in vitro neuronal live imaging assay that we have previously found to be very sensitive to OP-related deficits in AXT. We first evaluated the OP, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) (concentration range 0.001-10.0 µM) as a reference compound that we found previously to impair AXT and subsequently evaluated PHY (concentration range 0.01-100 nM). As expected, DFP impaired AXT in a concentration-dependent manner, replicating our previously published results. In contrast, none of the concentrations of PHY (including concentrations well above the threshold for impairing AChE) impaired AXT. These data suggest that the long-term neurological deficits associated with some carbamates are not likely due to acute impairments of AXT.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211020289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211020289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38996339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bilateral Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration Following Brainstem Insult: A Retrospective Review and Examination of Causative Pathology. 脑干损伤后双侧增生性橄榄变性:病因病理学回顾和检查。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-04-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211007445

Fardad Behzadi, Peter J Fiester, Dinesh Rao

引用次数: 7

Glut1 deficiency syndrome: New and emerging insights into a prototypical brain energy failure disorder. 谷氨酸1缺乏症:对一种典型的脑能量衰竭障碍的新见解。

IF 3.6

Neuroscience Insights Pub Date : 2021-04-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211011507

Maoxue Tang, Umrao R Monani

{"title":"Glut1 deficiency syndrome: New and emerging insights into a prototypical brain energy failure disorder.","authors":"Maoxue Tang, Umrao R Monani","doi":"10.1177/26331055211011507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055211011507","url":null,"abstract":"Considering its small size relative to the rest of the body, the mammalian brain has a disproportionately high energy requirement. This energy is supplied to the brain mainly in the form of glucose through the principal cerebral glucose transporter, Glut1. Inactivation of even a single copy of the Glut1 gene, SLC2A1, has dire consequences for the brain, starving cerebral neurons of energy and triggering the debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder, Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Considering the monogenic nature of Glut1 DS, the disease serves as an excellent paradigm to study the larger family of brain energy failure syndromes. Here we review how studies of Glut1 DS are proving instructive to the brain's energy needs, focusing first on the requirements, both spatial and temporal of the transporter, second, on proposed mechanisms linking low Glut1 to brain dysfunction and, finally on efforts to treat the disease and thus restore nutritional support to the brain. These studies promise not only to inform mechanisms and treatments for the relatively rare Glut1 DS but also the myriad other conditions involving the Glut1 protein.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":" ","pages":"26331055211011507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/26331055211011507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39494843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9