BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory pilot study of HFN2-008 (heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum HN001) for adiposity reduction in overweight adults.","authors":"Hyungyung Chai, Youn Gil Kwak, Mi Ran Jang, Sang Ki Oh, Chae Rin Park, Moonjung Bae, Hyeon Gyu Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01417-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01417-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive accumulation of body fat, particularly abdominal and visceral fat, is a major risk factor for metabolic abnormalities and chronic diseases. This study evaluated the safety and effects of 12-week HFN2-008 supplementation on body fat distribution and abdominal fat in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory pilot study was conducted in 100 adult men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either HFN2-008, a formulation containing heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum HN001 dried culture powder, or a placebo. Body fat mass and percentage were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, whereas abdominal fat areas were assessed using computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 12 weeks of supplementation, the HFN2-008 group demonstrated significantly greater decreases in trunk and total body fat mass and percentage compared with the placebo group. Computed tomography further revealed significant decreases in visceral and subcutaneous fat areas in the HFN2-008 group compared with the placebo group. No significant between-group differences were observed in lean body mass or circulating metabolic biomarkers. No serious adverse events were reported, indicating a favorable safety profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFN2-008 effectively decreases body and abdominal fat without loss of lean body mass and appears to be a safe functional ingredient for body fat management in adults.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registry: Clinical Research Information Service, TRN: KCT0011178, Registration date: 19 November 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the implementation of public policies aimed at addressing the double burden of nutrition in Burundi: perspectives and recommendations.","authors":"Francine Sinzinkayo, Julien Soliba Manga, Jean-Claude Moubarac, Thomas Druetz","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01415-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01415-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of premature mortality in Africa, with Burundi facing a growing double burden of malnutrition effects: undernutrition and rising obesity rates. Despite recent policy efforts, including national strategies and increased health spending, the country's health system remains under-resourced and vulnerable to nutrition-related health challenges.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the extent of implementation of public policies aimed at creating healthy food environments in Burundi using the Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI), and to identify policy gaps and priorities for addressing the double burden of malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From December 2022 to February 2024, the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) tool was used to benchmark 56 policy and infrastructure indicators against Good Practice Statements. Documentation was reviewed, and evidence was validated by a panel of 24 experts from government, academia, and civil society through two workshops. Experts scored the level of policy implementation using a five-point Likert scale and prioritized future actions based on importance, achievability, and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 56 indicators assessed, 27% were rated as \"very little or no implementation\" and 37% as \"low implementation.\" Only 13% were rated as \"high.\" Infrastructure support indicators generally scored higher than policy components. Thirteen indicators were not addressed in any existing policy documents. Experts identified 13 priority actions, seven of which aligned with WHO \"double-duty actions.\" Inter-rater reliability was moderate (Gwet AC2 = 0.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant policy gaps remain in Burundi's approach to improving food environments. There is an urgent need for comprehensive, multisectoral strategies to strengthen public health nutrition and reduce the impact of diet-related NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral magnesium supplements and insulin resistance in individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Aryana Amiri, Fateme Seighali, Mohammad Sadra Gholami-Chahkand, Behrooz Jannat, Niloofar Seighali","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01424-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01424-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is a common health challenge. Previous studies have established that diabetes is often associated with low circulating magnesium status. As evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance remains inconsistent, and the influence of baseline status is not fully understood, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of magnesium supplements, compared with placebo, on insulin resistance in individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until 24 April 2026. Randomized controlled trials with a population of individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes that received any magnesium supplements compared to a placebo group, evaluating insulin and the HOMA-IR index as the primary outcome, were included in our study. Secondary outcomes were serum magnesium level, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose (FBG). We pooled data using a random-effects model to estimate changes in outcomes. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on dosage (> 250 and ≤ 250 mg/day) and follow-up duration (under or over 12 weeks). Meta-regression, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were performed as well.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen RCTs involving 1,085 participants met the criteria. Overall, the oral magnesium supplementation did not result in a statistically significant change in insulin levels (MD = - 1.73; 95% CI: -3.73 to 0.27; p-value = 0.09) and HOMA-IR (MD = - 0.74; 95% CI: -1.58 to 0.09; p-value = 0.08) in people with diabetes. Similar non-significant findings were observed in individuals with prediabetes (p > 0.05). However, meta-regression analysis demonstrated that baseline insulin level and HOMA-IR index significantly modified the intervention effect (p = 0.01), suggesting differential responsiveness across patient subgroups. No significant associations were observed for baseline HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, magnesium levels, age, or BMI. Subgroup analysis based on doses and duration of follow-up did not change the significance of the result.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Magnesium supplementation does not appear to improve insulin resistance in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes significantly. However, its effects may depend on baseline insulin status, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in individuals with higher insulin resistance. Future well-designed trials with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify baseline insulin effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring life cycle and health-related food taboos and their associated reasons among Puntland - Somalia communities: a mixed methods cross sectional study.","authors":"Hasifa Nanteza, Shukri Abdullahi Adam, Abdullahi Abdulkadir Mohamed, Marvin Joseph Senoga","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01413-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01413-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food taboos are culturally rooted dietary restrictions that model food choices and many compromise nutritional status specifically among vulnerable populations. The study examined the prevalence of food taboos, tabooed foods and explored reasons for their existence among different segments of Puntland communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community based mixed methods cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December across the nine regions of Puntland state of Somalia. A total of 290 participants were selected using multi-stage sampling. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires while qualitative data were obtained through 18 key informant interviews and 37 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving pregnant and lactating women, elderly men and women, women of reproductive age and adult men. Data on demographic characteristics were analyzed using SPSS version 31, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using systematic text condensation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 88% of participants reported the existence of food taboos in their communities. Pregnancy and lactation were the life stages with the most restrictions (32%) and the least were during menstruation (12%). Commonly tabooed foods during pregnancy included honey, ghee, sheep meat, chili, papaya and whole grains primarily due to beliefs linking them to miscarriage, fetal deformities and labor complications. Liver was universally restricted for children under two years due to perceived speech delay. Men also faced prohibitions such organ meats except liver, animal head, neck and leg meat, considered foods for females and associated with shame, weakness and cowardice. Regional variations were observed with certain taboos being specific to regions, mostly Mudug and Eyl district of Nugaal region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Food taboos are common throughout Puntland but they are more rampant in Mudug region and Eyl district of Nugaal region. Some taboos reported during menstruation and illness have some scientific backup and may contribute to better management of these conditions. However, taboos like those reported during pregnancy and lactation may reduce dietary diversity and negatively impact overall nutrition and health outcomes in vulnerable groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary practices and nutritional status of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kiambu level five hospital, Kiambu county, Kenya.","authors":"Isaac Nthiga, Judith Kimiywe, Dorcus Mbithe David-Kigaru","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01346-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01346-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19, with Kenya among the high-burden countries. Kenya ranks 14th globally and 5th in Africa in TB burden. TB significantly affects dietary practices and nutritional status, which in turn influence treatment outcomes. However, limited data exist on dietary practices and nutritional status of TB patients in specific settings such as Kiambu County. This study aimed to assess the dietary practices and nutritional status of adult pulmonary TB patients at Kiambu Level Five Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 TB patients selected through systematic sampling at the Kiambu Level Five Hospital TB clinic. Data on dietary practices, including meal frequency, food consumption patterns, and nutrient adequacy, were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status. Chi-square tests were used to determine associations between categorical variables, while Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient assessed relationships between continuous variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of nutritional status, adjusting for relevant socio-demographic and dietary factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 33.9 ± 12.6 years, with the majority being male (59.6%) and aged 25-34 years. Multiple linear regression analysis identified meal frequency (β = 1.22, p < 0.001) and total energy intake (β = 0.003 per kcal, p < 0.001) as significant positive predictors of BMI. Regular lunch consumption and older age were also associated with higher BMI, while living with others was associated with lower BMI. The final model explained 42% of the variance in nutritional status (Adjusted R² = 0.42).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary practices, particularly meal frequency and energy intake, are key determinants of nutritional status among TB patients. Interventions focusing on improving dietary intake and addressing socio-demographic factors may enhance nutritional recovery and treatment outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misreporting of energy intake estimated by food records among adolescents in Lao People's Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Thidatheb Kounnavong, Kazuhiko Moji, Miho Sato, Christopher Turner, Manithong Vonglokham, Elaine Ferguson","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01416-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01416-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate dietary assessment data is vital for understanding dietary patterns and the associated nutrition and health outcomes. However, research on misreporting from self-reported dietary assessment tools has remained limited in low- and middle-income countries. Our study aims to investigate energy intake misreporting and its determinants among adolescents in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of seven-day estimated food records collected from 405 adolescents aged 10-18 years attending secondary schools in Vientiane Province, Lao PDR, between March and April 2019. We identified energy intake misreporting using the Goldberg cut-off method, and analyzed factors associated with energy intake underreporting using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We compared the percentage energy intake from each food group between plausible reporters and underreporters, using the Mann-Whitney U-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 61.2% of participants underreported and 0.3% overreported their energy intake. Older adolescents (15-18 years) were 50% less likely to be classified as underreporters than younger adolescents (10-14 years) (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.88). Higher Body Mass Index was associated with higher odds of underreporting (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18), whereas higher number of reported snacks between meals was associated with lower odds of underreporting (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76-0.86). Underreporting increased over the seven-day period (51.4% on day 1 to 65.9% on day 7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights a high prevalence of energy intake underreporting among Lao PDR adolescents when using the seven-day estimated food record method. While this prospective method has advantages, its accuracy depends on sustained participant engagement and motivation. Future research is needed to develop, adapt and validate tools, such as technology-assisted tools, for use among adolescents in Lao PDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum carotenoids modify the association between porphyromonas gingivalis IgG and mortality: a prospective cohort study with 25.8 years of follow-up.","authors":"Weihong Qiu, Lijun Zheng, Yingying Yu, Zhiquan Zhang, Zhenzhen Li, Zihan Zhang, Heng He","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01420-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01420-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a vital pathogen that can increase mortality. However, whether serum carotenoids, commonly known antioxidants, modify the association of serum P. gingivalis immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels with mortality remains uncertain. We aimed to explore the modification of this association by serum carotenoids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The associations of serum P. gingivalis IgG levels with mortality among 7,043 participants from the Third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed. The modifications of serum carotenoids on the associations were also examined. We used the recommended sampling weights to account for the complex survey design. Surveycox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and specific-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 2,646 deaths during a median follow-up period of 25.8 years. Compared with participants with low serum P. gingivalis IgG levels (< 69 EU), those with high levels (≥ 69 EU) were associated with an HR (95% CI) of 1.10 (1.04-1.16) for all-cause mortality. Similar results were found in mortality analyses for cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus (all P < 0.05). Notably, significant interactions were detected between the serum α-carotene, β-carotene, or lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations and the serum P. gingivalis IgG levles on all-cause mortality (all P_int < 0.05). Compared with high P. gingivalis IgG participants with low carotenoids, low P. gingivalis IgG participants with high carotenoids had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality, with HR of 0.74 (0.68-0.80) for α-carotene, 0.78 (0.72-0.86) for β-carotene, 0.70 (0.64-0.76) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.79 (0.73-0.85) for lutein/zeaxanthin and 0.64 (0.59-0.69) for lycopene, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum carotenoids mitigate the associations between serum P. gingivalis IgG levels and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition knowledge and health belief model-based dietary perceptions among in-school female adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria.","authors":"Dare D Ademiluyi, Yewande O Uthman-Akinhanmi, Ayobami R Ojo-Adalumo, Esther D Olubiyi, Akinade E Ogunniyi, Adeyinka B Adepoju, Olubunmi B Akinsanya, Oluwatosimi A Oyeneye, Praise M Ajayi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01421-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01421-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is a critical period for establishing dietary behaviours that influence immediate health, reproductive outcomes, and long-term risk of non-communicable diseases. Female adolescents are particularly vulnerable to poor nutrition due to increased biological demands and sociocultural constraints. Examining the relationship between nutrition knowledge and behavioural perceptions within a theoretical framework is essential for developing effective interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 in-school female adolescents aged 13-17 years in public and private secondary schools in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, and perceived dietary behaviour using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework. Independent samples t-tests, Pearson's correlation, chi-squares test, and six parallel linear regression models were fitted one per HBM construct as the dependent variable with nutrition knowledge as the primary predictor and age, school setting, household income, and household size as covariates. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 15.19 ± 1.05 years. Overall nutrition knowledge was moderate, with a mean score of 56.52 ± 13.26. Nutrition knowledge was positively associated with perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy, and negatively associated with perceived barriers. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly associated with perceived susceptibility. In multivariate analysis, nutrition knowledge remained significantly associated with perceived severity (β = 0.196, η² = 0.041), perceived benefits (β = 0.179, η² = 0.033), perceived barriers (β = -0.344, η² = 0.118), cues to action (β = 0.286, η² = 0.083), and self-efficacy (β = 0.225, η² = 0.052), but not perceived susceptibility (p = 0.124).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nutrition knowledge is significantly associated with HBM-based dietary perceptions among in-school female adolescents. Strengthened, theory-driven nutrition education, particularly in public schools, may reinforce favourable dietary cognitions theoretically linked to healthier eating practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148398604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status in pediatric celiac disease: evaluation at diagnosis and during follow-up.","authors":"Seyhan Yılmaz, Sebahat İmamoğlu Çam","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01418-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01418-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong immune-mediated condition precipitated by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in intestinal mucosal damage, impaired growth, micronutrient deficiencies, among other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. A gluten-free diet (GFD) contributes to the healing of the mucosa and improves nutrient absorption, although recovery patterns may vary.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to determine changes in anthropometric parameters and micronutrient levels at diagnosis and at six and twelve months following the start of a GFD, and to investigate any associations between these changes and tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) status, the severity of mucosal damage, or clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective investigation involved an assessment of pediatric individuals diagnosed with CD using anthropometric and micronutrient data collected at the point of diagnosis and at subsequent 6- and 12-month intervals following GFD. Dietary adherence was evaluated retrospectively using physician and dietitian follow-up notes, clinical assessment, and serial tTG-IgA measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 103 children (64% female), 56% had no comorbidities, and type 1 diabetes was the most common (15%). Height, weight, body mass index, and most micronutrient levels improved during follow-up period. Vitamin D deficiency remained present in 27% of patients at 12 months and overweight prevalence increased from 7.8% to 18.4% during follow-up. Individuals presenting with comorbid CD+type 1 diabetes demonstrated higher SDS for weight and height, and elevated hemoglobin concentrations. The incidence of seronegativity was 55% at six months and 73% at twelve months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within a year, GFD enhances growth and resolves the majority of micronutrient deficiencies, however; ongoing nutritional monitoring is crucial due to persistent vitamin D deficiency and an increasing risk of overweight.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency in high-altitude populations: 25(OH)D level and association with systemic inflammation.","authors":"Qiong Ye, Jimei Li, Ying Ju","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01423-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01423-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency in the Xining, Qinghai Province (elevation 2260 m, oxygen partial pressure 16.10 kPa, 36°13'-37°28'N) and to explore the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,080 subjects were enrolled, serum 25(OH)D, and inflammatory markers-including procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C reactive protein (CRP) -were measured. According to serum 25(OH)D concentrations, participants were divided into three groups: vitamin D sufficiency (> 30 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), and deficiency (< 20 ng/mL). Spearman correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 13.99 ± 7.20 ng/mL, with the proportions of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency being 83.65%, 13.65% and 2.70%, respectively. The levels of PCT, IL-6 and CRP in the deficiency group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The vitamin D deficiency was higher in females than in males (87.95% vs. 77.47%, P < 0.05). The 25(OH)D level peaked in summer and reached the lowest level in winter (P < 0.05), while no significant intergroup difference was observed across different age groups. PCT, IL-6 and CRP were significantly negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (r=-0.674, -0.533, -0.292, P < 0.01), and these correlations remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (OR = 4.043), PCT (OR = 2491.808), IL-6 (OR = 1.903) and CRP (OR = 1.608) were independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Residents in high-altitude Xining suffer from severe vitamin D deficiency correlated with heightened inflammation. Female sex and elevated inflammatory biomarkers independently increase deficiency risk, and seasonal sunlight regulates 25(OH)D levels. Gender- and season-specific vitamin D supplementation could mitigate inflammatory load in highland residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}