BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among 6-59 months old children living in Malawian stunting hotspots: a cross-sectional community study.","authors":"Patrick Ndovie, Smith G Nkhata, Numeri Geresomo, Robert Fungo, Vincent Nyau, Justice Munthali","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01001-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01001-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is a global burden, with 171 million under-five children stunted and 45% of child deaths linked to it. Despite high undernutrition such as stunting in Mchinji, Mangochi, and Mzimba, no study has focused on all three hot spots. This study examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6-59 months, offering insights to guide targeted interventions in these areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study of 1,275 caregiver-child pairs from Mzimba, Mchinji, and Mangochi used multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed with Stata 17.0, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to explore associations and identify determinants of malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months based on WHO Z-scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing wasting, underweight, and stunting among children aged 6-59 months. Wasting was linked to occupation, marital status, household size, religious affiliation, and vaccination, with protective factors including farming (AOR = 0.023), business (AOR = 0.001), being single (AOR = 0.034), and full vaccination (AOR = 0.146), while Muslim affiliation increased odds (AOR = 71.284). Underweight was associated with occupation and household type, with higher risks in business (AOR = 9.408) and single-parent households (AOR = 20.929) but protection in smaller households (AOR = 0.596). Stunting was related to unemployment (AOR = 2.339) and full vaccination (AOR = 1.472). Education and income showed no significant association with stunting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Socio-demographic factors significantly influenced wasting, underweight, and stunting in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions on livelihoods, vaccination, and household conditions to reduce undernutrition and inform policy and program development.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing breast milk donation to a human milk bank in Iran: implications for policymakers and planners.","authors":"Leila Doshmangir, Maryam Naghshi, Kamal Gholipour, Ayat Ahmadi, Hosein Azizi, Vladimir Sergeevich Gordeev","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-00994-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-00994-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) actively promotes breastfeeding as the optimal source of nourishment for infants and young children. However, not all newborns have access to breast milk, leading to deprivation of its nutritional benefits or incurring financial burdens from alternative feeding options. Establishing Human Milk Banks (HMBs) can help ensure equitable access to donated human milk. However, several factors may hinder breast milk donation. This study aims to identify the factors influencing milk donation to HMBs in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study involving mothers who had given birth at least one year prior to the study. The study included 51 cases (mothers who donated their milk to HMBs) and 153 controls. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed to gather retrospective information on individual health, social networks, and other relevant factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between breast milk donation and these factors. Additionally, qualitative data were collected through face-to-face interviews with HMB senior staff and mothers. Thematic analysis was employed to identify perspectives on factors influencing milk donation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Family factors, social influences, individual social welfare scores, and breast milk adequacy were significantly associated with increased milk donation. Among these, family support emerged as one of the strongest predictors of milk donation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To establish HMBs and promote human milk donation, health policymakers and planners should implement strategies that motivate mothers to donate. Evidence-based training and motivational programs for mothers and their families, which address barriers to milk donation, are essential to achieving this goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic control in women with GDM: insights from a randomized controlled pilot trial on plant-based Nordic healthy diet versus moderately carbohydrate restricted diet.","authors":"Lisa Torsdatter Markussen, Jemina Kivelä, Jaana Lindström, Miina Ollikainen, Mikko Kytö, Seppo Heinonen, Saila Koivusalo, Jelena Meinilä","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00988-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00988-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) prevalence is rising worldwide, but optimal dietary strategies remain unclear. The eMOM pilot RCT compared a plant-protein rich Healthy Nordic Diet (HND) and a moderately carbohydrate restricted diet (MCRD) and their potential effects on time in glucose target range (≤ 7.8 mmol/L, %TIR), and on newborn body composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two participants were randomized to either HND (n = 20) or MCRD (n = 22) face-to-face nutritional counseling from gestational weeks (GW) 24 + 0-28 + 6 (baseline) until delivery. The HND intervention had no restriction in carbohydrate intake and emphasized plant-based protein sources and Nordic food, while the MCRD had a moderate carbohydrate restriction (~ 40% in proportion to total daily energy consumption, E%). Continuous glucose monitoring was worn for 14 days to assess glucose levels and %TIR. Blood samples for glucose and lipid metabolism and 3-day food diaries were collected at baseline and at GW 34 + 0-35 + 6. Neonatal body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography. Difference between groups were analysed with t-test and Wilcoxon test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two women completed the study. Both groups maintained the %TIR during majority of the time (98.9 and 99.3% for MCRD and HND respectively, p = 0.921) in GW 34 + 0 - 35 + 6. The mean glucose was lower in the MCRD group compared to the HND group (5.0 SD 1.03 vs. 5.2 SD 0.96 mmol/l, p < 0.001). No differences were observed in glucose variability, lipid metabolism, gestational weight gain, or in the body composition of the newborns. HND had lower diet macronutrient adherence than the MCRD, resulting in similar macronutrient composition in both groups. The mean macronutrient intakes were fat: 40.6 vs. 39.5 E%, carbohydrate: 40.5 vs. 42.4 E%, protein: 18.9 vs. 18.1 E% for the MCRD and HND groups, respectively. The HND decreased intake of meat and increased fish consumption significantly compared to the MCRD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both a moderately restricted carbohydrate diet and a diet focused on plant-based protein effectively maintained a large time within the treatment target range in women with GDM. Further research could explore the impact of protein quantity and sources in maternal diets on glycemic control and newborn outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The eMOM pilot trial is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (21/09/2018, NCT03681054).</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of home-based urine collection in children under 5 years in the ORIGINS birth cohort study: mixed method protocol and sample completion results.","authors":"Courtney D A Kidd, Najma A Moumin, Andrea MacRae, Tim J Green, Desiree T Silva, Susan L Prescott, Nina D'Vaz","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-00993-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-00993-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urine is an attractive biospecimen for nutritional status and population health surveys. It is an excellent non-invasive alternative to blood for appropriate biomarkers in young children and is suitable for home-based collection, enabling representative collections across a population. However, the bulk of literature in this population is restricted to collection in primary care settings. Feasibility of home-based collection at scale has not been tested. Here, we describe a mixed method approach to collect urine samples in a large cohort study with children under 5 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ORIGINS Project is an ongoing birth cohort investigating early life influences on child health outcomes in Perth, Australia. Recruitment began in 2017, with 3713 children consented by December 2022. Urine is collected longitudinally from children between 2 months and 5 years of age. Mixed methods for sample collection and return accommodates requirements across various ages and study timepoints. Uniquely, courier collection and postal kit deliveries were established in response to participant feedback regarding difficulty with in-person sample drop-offs with young children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over half of all eligible caregivers (1929/3713, 52%) returned a sample, 91% meeting quality standards. A third of all samples were returned by courier, with the highest uptake at 2-6 months of age, and increased uptake across all ages during COVID lockdowns. Caregivers cited being time-poor as the greatest barrier to sample completion and very few participants indicated difficulty with study methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggests that home-based urine collection using a mixed method approach is acceptable to caregivers at a large scale, supporting the use of urine for biomarker studies and population surveys with young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum acceptable diet and contributing factors among children aged 6-23 months in Afghanistan: insights from the 2022-2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.","authors":"Essa Tawfiq, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Massoma Jafari, Ghulam Mohayuddin Mudaser, Zainab Ezadi, Sayed Ali Shah Alawi, Abdul Wahed Wasiq, Omid Dadras","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-00996-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-00996-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undernutrition among children is a public health concern in most low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and is associated with poor child growth and development. Knowledge about child feeding practices is needed for nutritional policies and programs. Hence, this study assessed the status of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was based on a secondary dataset of the 2022-2023 Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 2022-23). Complete data from 7,876 children aged 6-23 months were analysed. The outcome variable was MAD and was defined according to the WHO and UNICEF recommendations and indicators for young child feeding practices. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with MAD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 7.3% of children aged 6-23 months were fed with the recommended MAD. The likelihood of receiving MAD was higher in children aged 13-18 months [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.01 (95%CI: 1.63-2.48)] and 19-23 months [2.11 (95%CI: 1.68-2.66)], in children belonging to households with higher wealth status [1.39 (95%CI: 1.04-1.87), 2.06 (95%CI: 1.51-2.82), and 3.07 (95%CI: 2.14-4.40) for the 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintile of wealth status, respectively], and in children living in rural areas [1.56 (95%CI: 1.21-2.01)]. On the other hand, the maternal age group 30-39 years [0.79 (95%CI: 0.64-0.96)] and non-institutional delivery [0.67 (95%CI: 0.54-0.83)] were associated with reduced odds of MAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that a small percentage (7.3%) of children received MAD in Afghanistan. This emphasizes the need for policies and interventions aimed at the improvement of child feeding practices to ultimately lead to better child nutrition and health in Afghanistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation strategies: lessons learned during an e-learning intervention to improve dietary behaviors and feeding practices in early childhood education and care.","authors":"Henrik Lian, Nina Cecilie Øverby, Frøydis Nordgård Vik, Anine Christine Medin, Natalie Garzon Osorio, Christine Helle, Tormod Bjørkkjær, Penelope Love, Harry Rutter, Mary Elizabeth Barker, Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund, Sissel Heidi Helland","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00990-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00990-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers play an important role in fostering healthy dietary habits. The Nutrition Now project focusing on improving dietary habits during the first 1000 days of life. Central to the project is the implementation of an e-learning resource aimed at promoting feeding practices among staff and healthy dietary behaviours for children aged 0-3 years in ECEC. Implementing new interventions often presents challenges. This study explores ECEC staff views and experiences with selected strategies for implementing an e-learning resource in ECEC centers in a municipality in Southern Norway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study is a part of the Nutrition Now study, a hybrid type 1 non-randomized controlled trial. The implementation process followed the Dynamic Integrated Evaluation Model (DIEM). Implementation strategies were selected from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project and included identify and prepare champions, conduct educational meetings, distribute educational materials, create a learning collaborative, and remind clinicians. ECEC teachers from participating ECEC centers in the intervention municipality were recruited as champions. Brief (5-7 min minutes), semi-structured phone interviews, covering key points, were conducted with the champions 8 times, evenly distributed over six months. The interviews were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 29 of the invited ECEC centers (53%) participated, and 260 brief interviews (88%) were conducted with champions (n = 37). An evaluation of the feedback from the champions suggests that the five selected implementation strategies were acceptable. Five main themes were developed by qualitative analysis: 1) Being a champion resembles what I already do. 2) Educational meetings are fine but take time. I prefer when peers share experiences. 3) Newsletters were helpful and reminded me, but I do not always have enough time to read. 4) Evaluations have increased my awareness, and we do them informally and formally. 5) The regular phone calls reminded me I could receive support and express my opinion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study's findings suggest that several implementation strategies are acceptable for stakeholders in an ECEC e-learning healthy eating intervention. However, time constraints among champions may hinder deep engagement. These results provide valuable insights into how the selected implementation strategies may function in practice and how they are perceived and experienced by the ECECs staff.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Trial registration on June 6, 2022: ISRCTN10694967 .</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of microbiome-changing interventions on food decision-making: MIFOOD study protocol.","authors":"Meghedi Vartanian, Konrad Jakob Endres, Yee Teng Lee, Silke Friedrich, Marie-Theres Meemken, Imke Schamarek, Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann, Robin Schürfeld, Lina Eisenberg, Anja Hilbert, Frauke Beyer, Michael Stumvoll, Julia Sacher, Arno Villringer, Julia F Christensen, A Veronica Witte","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00971-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00971-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study uses a parallel arm RCT design with a 26-week intervention period. We plan to enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living with overweight or obesity, defined as either a Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) or a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². Key inclusion criteria are 18-60 years of age and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disease, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The interventions comprise either a daily supplementary intake of 30 g soluble fiber (inulin), or weekly neurocognitive behavioral group sessions, compared to placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline and follow-up, food decision-making is assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, eating habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mood. Further, we obtain fecal and blood samples to investigate gut microbiome composition and related metabolites.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study relies on expanding research suggesting that dietary prebiotics could improve gut microbiome composition, leading to beneficial effects on gut-brain signaling and higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these \"bottom-up\" and \"top-down\" processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. In addition, microbiome, and gut-brain-axis-related mediating mechanisms remain unclear. The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess the effects of these gut-brain-related processes influencing food decision-making in overweight and obesity.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered on 29 April 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity Among School-Aged Children in the Country of Georgia: A Cross-Sectional Study, 2022.","authors":"Natia Kakutia, William Michael Caudle, Ziad N Kazzi, Lela Sturua, Shalva Davit Zarnadze, Nana Mebonia","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00974-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00974-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood overweight and obesity are significant global public health challenges that affect approximately 340 million children worldwide. In Georgia, the prevalence of childhood obesity is alarming, with approximately 28% of 7-year-old children classified as overweight or obese in 2019. This study aimed to investigate the key factors associated with overweight and obesity among school-age children in Georgia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative Survey (COSI), which was conducted in 2022, was analyzed. The study involved 3,334 children from 245 schools across the region. Anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire were utilized to evaluate body weight, dietary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, parental education, household socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among second-grade school children in Georgia, 17.2% were overweight and 11.0% were obese, with higher percentages of boys (30.0%) than girls (26.3%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was greater in urban-dwelling children (30.3%) than in rural children (23.6%). Significant associations were found between BMI and living area (p < 0.001), playing outside (p = 0.01), passive modes of transportation (e.g., cars) for school travel (p < 0.05), parental education (p = 0.03) and parental body weight (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of various dietary behaviors or screen time between normal-weight and overweight/obese children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed significant associations between body weight status and certain demographic and lifestyle factors, highlighting the critical role of promoting physical activity, encouraging active transportation (e.g., walking or cycling to school) and raising parental awareness to address childhood overweight and obesity. Future interventions should prioritize creating a supportive environment for healthy behaviors and implementing early screening measures to prevent potential complications and improve overall health outcomes in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula.","authors":"Ghazal Mirzaei, Najmeh Yazdanfar, Nabi Shariatifar, Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee, Parisa Sadighara","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-00998-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-00998-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical compounds used in food packaging, so it can migrate from the packaging into food. Also, environmental pollution of this compound is high due to its high use. Therefore, it may enter food chains through the environment. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is one of the common mycotoxins in milk. Its presence has been reported worldwide. Infant formula is an alternative to human milk. The main ingredient of this product is cow's milk.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the levels and risk assessment of BPA and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were purchased from 7 leading brands of infant formula in pharmacies. The samples were extracted according to common protocols and then injected into HPLC and analyzed with a fluorescence detector for both contaminants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPA wasn't detected in infant formula samples, but the presence of AFM1was confirmed in 11% of the samples. Of course, there is no risk in this regard with the risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infant formula samples are not of concern for infants in terms of BPA and aflatoxin M1. However, continuous monitoring is recommended for this product.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with the coexistence of three undernutrition indicators among children aged 0-23 months in Tanzania.","authors":"Edgar Elirehema Pallangyo, Oliva Joseph Kimaro, Nsajigwa Reuben Mwalupani, George Stephen George, Doris Katana, Amina Suleiman Msengwa","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00980-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00980-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undernutrition in children under two years is a persistent challenge in Tanzania. This study investigates demographic, maternal, and child-related factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight coexistence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary data from 2,158 children aged 0-23 months in the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) were analyzed. Risk factors assessed included child age, birth weight, size at birth, birth order, and maternal education. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted to determine associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of coexisting undernutrition was significantly higher among children aged 12-17 months (RRR = 8.297, 95% CI = 1.768-38.931, p = 0.007) and 18-23 months (RRR = 12.860, 95% CI = 2.661-62.152, p = 0.001). Protective factors included birth weight < 2,501 g (RRR = 0.211, 95% CI = 0.056-0.783, p = 0.02), average size at birth (RRR = 0.262, 95% CI = 0.076-0.908, p = 0.035), and higher birth order (2nd-4th: RRR = 0.372, p = 0.023; 5th: RRR = 0.340, p = 0.048). Maternal education emerged as a significant risk factor (RRR = 1.327, 95% CI = 1.128-6.841, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights critical risk factors, including maternal education, child age, and birth characteristics, for the coexistence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Interventions should target the 12-23-month age group and address maternal education to eradicate child malnutrition in Tanzania.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11715551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}