BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gustatory thresholds and obesity: a comparative study of five main tastes.","authors":"Hamidreza Khalighi, Hamed Mortazavi, Fahimeh Anbari, Masoumeh Sadat Eftekhari, Nahid Mohammadnia, Homa Mirzaei, Sara Nashibi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01125-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01125-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is an important public health concern, which has dramatically grown in the last decades. Taste sensation determines food preferences and could contribute to obesity. Considering the conflicting results about the association of gustatory threshold and overweight/obesity status of individuals, this study designed to compare gustatory threshold of five main tastes (sweet, umami, salty, bitter, and sour) among individuals with overweight/obesity and with a normal BMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control and population-based study, 100 adults participated, divided into two equal number of normal and overweight/obese groups. To measure gustatory threshold of sweet, umami, salty, bitter, and sour tastes, solutions of sucrose, monosodium glutamate, sodium chloride, quinine hydrochloride and citric acid were prepared respectively. Three millimeters of each solution was dropped on the right side of the posterior tongue, and the same volume of distilled water was dropped on the left side. The concentration at which the participant perceived the taste was considered the gustatory threshold. The data was analyzed in SPSS software version 22 with the Mann-Whitney test and Spearmen correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed between the gustatory thresholds of the five main tastes among participants with normal BMI and with overweight/obesity. Moreover, among the numerical value of BMI and perceived concentrations of each of the tastes, no association was found (p value > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the findings obtained from this study, no significant statistical difference in gustatory threshold of five main tastes was observed among individuals with overweight/obesity and normal weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of malnutrition risk and analysis of influencing factors in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Weiwei Yu, Xin Zhang, Min Ni, Ting Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01128-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01128-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the status of malnutrition risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using objective nutritional indices and to analyze the influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1277 patients with CKD admitted to the Department of Nephrology at a Class A hospital in Nanjing from 2020 to 2022, were selected for this study. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) were used to evaluate the risk of malnutrition. Logistic regression analysis identified associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1277 CKD patients, malnutrition risk was identified in 89.1% by PNI and 87.7% by CONUT, with moderate consistency between the two methods (0.368). Patients at moderate to high malnutrition risk experienced longer hospital stays. Across both assessment tools, higher CKD stage (≥ 4), older age, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and lower body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb), and lipid levels were associated with greater risk. Logistic regression analysis identified CKD stage, age, Hb, and BUN as risk factors in the PNI model, while age, BMI, and BUN were significant in the CONUT assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CKD Patients face a high risk of malnutrition, emphasizing the need for regular screening and assessment. Understanding and addressing the identified risk factors through targeted interventions is crucial for improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the child feeding decisions among urban parents: a qualitative study in addis ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Bethlehem Shawel Moreda, Magnus Jirström, Yemane Berhane, Alemayehu Worku, Fiker Ferdaweke Mammo, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Hanna Y Berhane","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01126-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01126-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food choice decisions are complex processes influenced by various factors that affect the family's diet and, thus, their health and nutrition. In low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia, these factors are shaped by the ongoing nutrition transition, urbanization, and socio-economic challenges. Despite growing concerns about the double burden of malnutrition, the factors influencing food choices among parents of children under five in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, remain poorly understood. This study explores these factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five focus groups with fathers and mothers (30 participants total, 5-7 per group) were conducted, along with 11 in-depth interviews with mothers of children under the age of five, for a total of 41 participants. Participants were permanent residents of Addis Ababa, having lived in the city for at least six months. Using health extension workers and community guides, participants were purposively sampled from two districts in Addis Ababa. Data were collected from November 2023 to April 2024, with interviews conducted in Amharic, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Thematic analysis, both inductive and deductive, was performed using Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model as a lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors influencing parental food choice were identified at three levels: individual, community, and environmental. Health concerns, affordability, child food preferences, and convenience were most frequently mentioned at an individual level. At the community level, family norms and social pressure played key roles. Food safety concerns and marketing influences were identified as important influences at the environmental level. Parents reported that while food availability was not typically a concern, changes in the food environment and economic constraints significantly impacted their food choices. They also emphasized that food safety and the reliability of food markets were essential issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the complex, multi-level factors shaping food choices among parents of children under five in Addis Ababa. Health concerns, affordability, food safety, and market reliability were identified as key influences on food choices. These multi-level factors can guide interventions to improve children's diets by addressing individual motivations and the broader environmental contexts influencing food choices.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The nutriRECIPE-Index- development and validation of a nutrient-weighted index for the evaluation of recipes.","authors":"Frank Forner, Ina Volkhardt, Toni Meier, Olaf Christen, Gabriele I Stangl","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01061-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01061-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional myths in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.","authors":"Didem Gunes Kaya, Sabriye Arslan, Emine Yassıbaş, Feride Ayyıldız, Elvan Bayramoglu, Hande Turan, Olcay Evliyaoglu","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01115-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01115-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is steadily increasing, particularly among children and young adults. Health-related myths can significantly influence patients' dietary behaviors and treatment adherence, thereby compromising disease management and metabolic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 190 adolescents and young adults with T1DM attending a pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic. Data on demographics, BMI, HbA1c values, and nutrition-related myths were collected through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficients, were performed using SPSS 22.0 software. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of metabolic control status (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a mean diabetes duration of 7.5 ± 4.63 years, with a mean HbA1c of 7.9 ± 1.44%. Approximately 27.0% of adolescents and 20.0% of young adults were overweight or obese. Only 29.0% of individuals had good metabolic control (HbA1c <%7), while 71.0% had HbA1c ≥ 7. An increase in diabetes duration was found to elevate the risk of poor metabolic control by 1.107 times, whereas a higher total number of answers was associated with a 0.696-fold decrease in this risk (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improved knowledge about nutrition myths is associated with better metabolic control among adolescents and young adults with T1DM. Structured education programs tailored to this population may contribute to improved glycemic outcomes. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential to effectively deliver educational content and reinforce evidence-based dietary practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mobile app intervention to support nutrition education for heart failure management: co-design, development and user-testing.","authors":"Bridve Sivakumar, Maria Ricupero, Anisha Mahajan, Katherine Jefferson, John Wenger, Jillianne Code, Alex Theodorou, JoAnne Arcand","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01117-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01117-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobile apps show promise in supporting patients with heart failure (HF) in adhering to dietary guidelines for sodium and fluid. Though numerous apps to support HF management exist, only a few have dedicated features to support dietary adherence.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the process and outcomes from the development and testing of Sodium Navigator^HF, a mobile app intervention to engage patients with HF in dietary education and adherence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Background research in app development, behaviour change, nutrition and qualitative interviews with patients and healthcare providers informed app content and design. Weekly team meetings were held to establish learning objectives, content, and features of the app until a prototype was developed and approved by the research team. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, patients with HF (≥ 18 years) evaluated the prototype via one-on-one online user-testing sessions. App engagement, satisfaction, and usability were measured using a 12-question patient-reported Likert-scale questionnaire. Participant feedback on app content and features was gathered using qualitative interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six educational modules (dietary sodium recommendations, contributors of sodium in the diet, nutrition labelling, lowering dietary sodium, fluid restriction and goal setting), ten behaviour change techniques (e.g., feedback on behaviour, social support) and gamified components (i.e., avatar, point-system) were integrated into the app. Participants with HF (n = 10, 56±15 years, 80% women) enjoyed using the app (90%), strongly agreed that the information was meaningful and useful for their general health (80%) and was easy to use (70%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results demonstrate the potential of Sodium Navigator^HF to support patients with dietary education and adherence for HF management.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory index and its association with hematological inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional analysis in healthy and depressed individuals.","authors":"Farzam Kamrani, Mobina Imannezhad, Amirhossein Ataei Kachouei, Seyyed Reza Sobhani, Zahra Khorasanchi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01118-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01118-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous research has mainly focused on the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and its impact on serum inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP). Regarding the established connection between inflammation and depression, this study aims to examine the relationship between DII and hematological inflammatory markers in both depressed and healthy individuals separately.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 4567 participants from the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort Study in Mashhad (POCM), with 3226 classified as healthy and 429 as depressed. Blood samples were collected to analyze hematologic markers. Additionally, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale - 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was administered to evaluate depression. The study also calculated various hematologic inflammatory markers, including platelet-to- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (PHR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR), lymphocyte-to-HDL ratio (LHR), red cell distribution width (RDW)-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR), and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the adjusted model, when healthy individuals move from an anti-inflammatory diet (tertile 1) to a pro-inflammatory one (tertile 3) adherence, the monocyte counts and LHR decreased by 25.1% [OR: 0.749 (0.578-0.972)] and 11% [OR: 0.89 (0.012-0.684)], respectively. However, the MHR level increases by 12.9% [OR: 1.129 (1.000, 1.275)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In healthy individuals, a pro-inflammatory diet has been observed to decrease monocyte and LHR levels while increasing MHR. However, in individuals with depression, no correlation between these markers was found, which is a significant discovery. It is recommended that future studies with a larger sample size of individuals with depression be conducted to validate these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of US citizenship status vs. diet quality among adults of African descent.","authors":"Tia D Jeffery, Xuejing Duan, Azam Ardakani, Sapna Batheja, Gifty N Stevinson, Lillie Monroe-Lord","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01108-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01108-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the substantial growth rate of the Black immigrant population in the US, the impact of colonization on the diets of Black Americans and disproportionately high rates of chronic diseases among individuals with African descent, studies should place more emphasis on ethnicity when investigating nutrition-related risk factors. This study examined the relationship between variations in citizenship level and diet quality among adult subjects with African descent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 1,198 adults with African descent in NHANES 2015-2016. A 'citizenship level' scale was developed using principal component analysis, incorporating years lived in the US, country of birth, and citizenship status. Diet quality was assessed using HEI scores. Associations between citizenship level, sex, age, income, and diet quality (poor, moderate, or good) were examined using a Monte Carlo simulation of Fisher's exact tests. Linear regression models were employed to examine the relationship between citizenship level and continuous HEI scores, adjusting for sex, age, and income, with stratified analyses conducted for each demographic subgroup.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fisher's exact tests revealed that the level of US citizenship, sex, age, and income level were all significantly associated with the categorical level of diet quality (HEI). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that a lower level of US citizenship was significantly associated with higher HEI scores, indicative of better diet quality (p < 0.001), even after adjusting for sex, age, and income. This relationship persisted across most demographic subgroups but appeared stronger among males and those in the lowest income bracket. The relationship was also significant for younger adults but not for adults aged 65 and older.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Studies suggest a need for more inclusive and culturally tailored nutrition interventions. To minimize the negative impact of colonization and US assimilation on diet quality, future studies should consider stratifying groups based on the heterogeneity of this population and interventions that utilize traditional dietary patterns of the African diaspora as tools to improve the quality of life among people of African descent.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Omega-3 supplementation in olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Raghad S Alzahrani, Taif F Alkhatabi, Abdulaziz F Bokhari, Wed M Ismail, Abdullah S Alyamani, Ali S Alsudais, Bassam AlRajhi, Dakheelallah M Almutairi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01114-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01114-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) significantly impacts patients' quality of life, yet effective treatments are limited. Omega-3 fatty acids have shown promise in improving olfactory function, but further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy.</p><p><strong>Aims/objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of omega-3 supplementation on OD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search identified randomized controlled trials investigating omega-3 supplementation in OD patients. Inclusion criteria involved adult patients receiving omega-3 fatty acids and undergoing olfactory function assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three studies with 175 participants were included. Two studies reported omega-3's protective effect against olfactory loss over three months. However, a trial on COVID-19 patients found no significant improvement in olfactory function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Omega-3 supplementation, along with olfactory training or nasal rinses, appears to improve olfactory function in OD patients. However, further research is needed to evaluate its standalone efficacy. Omega-3 fatty acids offer a potential therapy for OD, warranting optimization and long-term effects investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults.","authors":"Sue-Hsien Chen, Shu-Ching Chen, Yo-Ping Lai, Pin-Hsuan Chen, Kun-Yun Yeh","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01120-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01120-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypovitaminosis D has a significant negative impact on general health. Although some factors associated with hypovitaminosis D have been previously reported, they have seldom been analyzed simultaneously in community-based research. This study aims to investigate some potential factors associated with serum 25 (OH)D level, representing a vitamin concentration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study recruiting 4,457 adults, aged over 18 years, was conducted between August 2019 and December 2023. Sociodemographic data were obtained through structured questionnaires, while anthropometric measurements, hemogram results, and biochemical markers were collected from medical records and physical examination findings. A self-reported depression rating score; health beliefs; and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) factors were assessed with questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 29.22 ± 10.45 ng/mL. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that serum 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with age (β = 0.258, p < 0.001), male sex (β = 0.164, p < 0.001), high school education level (β = 0.118, p < 0.001), smoking exposure (β = 0.044, p = 0.011), alcohol consumption (β = 0.150, p < 0.001), hemoglobin concentration (β = 0.062, p = 0.001), calcium level (β = 0.047, p = 0.005), and the mental component score of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (β = 0.086, p < 0.001). Conversely, serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with coffee consumption (β = - 0.045, p = 0.002), estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = - 0.105, p < 0.001), blood levels of intact parathyroid hormone (β = - 0.184, p < 0.001), phosphorus (β = - 0.033, p = 0.040), and triglycerides (β = - 0.060, p < 0.001). The overall model explained 29.6% of the variance in serum 25(OH)D levels (R² = 0.296). There were close correlations between sociodemographic factors, anthropometric variables, hemograms, biochemical data, self-reported depression rating scores, health beliefs, and HRQoL factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified several key variables associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in adults. These findings provide important targets for designing health education programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Future community-based research should consider incorporating additional determinants of vitamin D status, including quantified sunlight exposure, dietary intake of vitamin D-rich foods, and supplementation patterns. Accounting for these broader lifestyle and environmental factors may enable subsequent studies to generate more robust insights into the multifactorial nature of vitamin D regulation and inform more effective public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}