The association between dietary obesity-prevention score and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: The Dietary Obesity Prevention Score (DOS) is a dietary assessment tool previously linked to obesity. This study aimed to explore the association between DOS and selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Design: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 1,332 adult employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and DOS was calculated based on established criteria. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) LDL-C(, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and blood sugar (BS) levels were measured using standard commercial kits. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between DOS and CVD risk factors.

Setting: Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Participants: One thousand three hundred thirty-two adults university employees.

Results: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 42.8 years and 27.2 kg/m², respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the highest DOS quintile had 47% lower odds of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quintile (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30-0.94; P = 0.006). A marginally significant inverse association was also observed for low HDL-C (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38-0.95; P = 0.05). No significant associations were found between DOS and other CVD risk factors.

Conclusions: Higher adherence to the Dietary Obesity Prevention Score may be linked to lower odds of hypertension and low HDL-C. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.