BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of the gluten-free diet on the lipid profile of patients with celiac disease.","authors":"Valentina López Restrepo, María Camila Monsalve Pérez, Carolina Franco Gallego, Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01327-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01327-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the digestive system. Treatment for CD relies on a gluten-free diet, and previous studies have suggested alterations in the lipid profile. However, the literature shows no consensus regarding the specific lipid fraction affected, the magnitude of the change, or whether lipid parameters tend to increase or decrease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gluten-free diet on HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in patients with celiac disease reported in the scientific literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted in four databases including studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test, and meta-analyses were performed to estimate mean differences in lipid profile parameters using a random-effects model with the REML estimation method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies were included, most of them conducted in Italian populations, comprising a total of 1,820 patients with CD, of whom 706 were pediatric. In pediatric patients, the meta-analysis showed no significant change in total cholesterol (6.2 mg/dL; 95% CI - 7.1 to 19.6), a significant decrease in triglycerides (- 14.2 mg/dL; 95% CI - 22.6 to - 5.8), and an increase in HDL cholesterol (11.4 mg/dL; 95% CI 8.5 to 14.2). In contrast, among adults, there was a significant increase in total cholesterol (12.4 mg/dL; 95% CI 5.1 to 19.7), triglycerides (5.9 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.5 to 11.2), and HDL cholesterol (6.1 mg/dL; 95% CI 3.9 to 8.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that patients with celiac disease experience significant changes in lipid profile following adherence to a gluten-free diet, with a differential pattern between pediatric and adult populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary inflammatory index with body composition and disease progression in adults with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence from a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hamid Abbasi, Hamid Rasekhi, Mehrnoosh Shafaatdoost, Arefeh Mohajerani, Milad Asadollahi, Maryam Rashidi, Mahsa Malekahmadi, Payam Sarraf","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01336-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01336-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For decades, diet's pro-inflammatory properties have been considered a potential risk factor in the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to explore the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with body composition and disease progression in adult individuals with ALS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinically stable adults aged 18 years and older were enrolled for this study from the neuromuscular disorders clinic at Imam Khomeini Hospital. All participants met the EI Escorial criteria for ALS. Participants completed a 153-item dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was developed and validated for Iranian adults. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between DII and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), Medical Research Council (MRC) score, disease progression rate (DPR), and body composition among adult participants with ALS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 93 adult participants with ALS, comprising 29 women and 64 men (aged 56.95 ± 12.05 years). Participants in the third DII tertile had significantly reduced consumption of several nutrients, comprising vitamin E (P < 0.001), vitamin A (P < 0.001), vitamin B6 (P < 0.001), folic acid (P = 0.006), vitamin K (P < 0.001), fluoride (P = 0.009), potassium (P < 0.05), and selenium (P = 0.003). DPR displayed a significant negative association with the third tertile of DII (β_{T3 vs. T1}= -1.1, 95CI%:-2.2, -0.04; P_trend= 0.04), signifying a significant relationship after accounting for confounders, including age, gender, BMI, physical activity, and history of ALS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that higher inflammatory dietary patterns might be associated with a slower rate of disease progression in adults suffering from ALS. To elucidate these findings, randomized controlled trials are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying user-centered design to develop a culturally sensitive, low-calorie meal plan for enhancing dietary behavioral control in MASLD.","authors":"Maya Balakrishnan, Paola Martinez, Brett Deng, Ivonne Arguelles, Crystal Arguelles, Terri L Fletcher, Natalia I Heredia, Myriam Ibarra, Anna Christine Rome","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01347-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01347-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary changes are essential for managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet patients often face barriers related to knowledge, skills, cost, time, and cultural fit.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to report a process for culturally tailoring a dietary intervention and its application to create a calorie-restricted meal plan for Mexican and Central American patients with MASLD. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and user-centered design, we produced a culturally tailored seven-day structured meal plan aligned with dietary guidelines for MASLD and weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a three-phase, mixed-methods process among Mexican/Central American patients with MASLD from a safety-net healthcare system in Houston, Texas (n = 25). Phase 1 characterized meal patterns and preferences through semi-structured interviews. Phase 2 integrated findings with clinical nutrition guidelines to develop structured meal plan prototypes at 1200-, 1500-, and 1800-calorie levels. Phase 3 tested usability through ecological momentary assessments and daily interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants typically consumed home-cooked meals centered on animal protein, legumes and simple grains, with lunch and dinner preparation being most challenging. Recipe modifications focused on increasing fiber and reducing fat and refined carbohydrates. Usability testing showed that participants found the plans culturally aligned and practical, improving portion awareness and dietary self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers a patient-centered process for culturally tailoring dietary interventions and its output, a calorie- restricted meal plan that shows preliminary feasibility and acceptability on user testing. Next steps (underway) are to evaluate the meal plan's larger-scale implementation and impact on dietary change and weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult women identities on the menu: deconstructing fast-food consumption among university students.","authors":"Basma W Elrefay, Shadia M Bassiouny, Omnia Ragab Mohamed Hammouda, Doaa Hamed Elsabakhawi, Ghalia E Elkasaby, Amina Mohamed Rashad El-Nemer","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01287-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01287-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fast food is a highly prevalent choice of diet for Female university students because of its convenience and Affordability. Whichever the reason, good nutrition is vital for the best health and well-being. The issue is that, although the adequate intake of nutrients is crucial to health, relying too much on fast foods can lead to poor health consequences. The eating behavior of university women is usually influenced by social influences, time constraints, and financial limitations. This study investigated factors correlating with fast-food consumption and their relation to identity formation among 385 female university students in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods approach was used involving both survey and focus group techniques. These methods involved A survey that included participants' sociodemographic, eating habits, fast food knowledge, and attitudes about consumption; control perception related behaviors; subjective norms; and intentions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>showed moderate awareness regarding risk factors associated with fast food (mean = 5.37 ± 1.74), though 67.8% considered fast food to be tasty. That awareness of health risks does not necessarily diminish its appeal. Attitudes toward fast food are moderately favorable (mean = 92.63 ± 15.06), though 57% believe fast food causes obesity. There was a significant relationship between perceived behavioral control (mean = 58.39 ± 9.47), which was influenced by craving and lack of time (p < 0.01). The subjective norms indicated that 74.3% considered family members' approval important (p < 0.05). The result showed that intentions to reduce fast food behavior are moderately favorable (mean = 30.22 ± 3.52). The result showed that obese subjects scored high values for all constructs compared to nonobese subjects (p < 0.01). Family income was found to positively correlate with values for all constructs (p < 0.05), though there was no significant association between parental education (p > 0.05). High values positively associated with attitude (r = 0.826), attitude (r = 0.331), perceived behavioral control (r = 0.202), and subjective norms (r = 0.253), which indicated association between attitude and intention (p < 0.001), attitude and intention (p < 0.01), perceived behavioral control (p < 0.05), subjective norms (p < 0.01), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From these results, it appears that interventions based on attitude, perceived behavioral control, or social influences-focusing on self-efficacy-enhancing or socially influenced eating behavior-may prove to be more effective in encouraging healthier eating behaviors in female university-age students.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Our study was registered retrospectively with Clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT06783959 on 29 January 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total enteral vs. parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: an updated systematic review and GRADE-assessed meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Elzayyat, Muthana Altaie, Mohamed Ibrahim Shoaib, Mohamed Hamed Elkholi, Tangatarova Sofia, Ibrahim Serag, Nermin A Osman","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01342-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01342-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a life-threatening condition marked by systemic inflammation, organ failure, and high morbidity. Nutritional support plays a critical role in SAP management, with total enteral nutrition (TEN) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) being the primary approaches. While TEN maintains gut integrity and may reduce complications, TPN bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and may worsen systemic inflammation. This study aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of TEN versus TPN in SAP patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing TEN and TPN in SAP. Outcomes included infection rate, organ failure, mortality, necrosis, surgical intervention, hospital stay, and serum markers (amylase, lipase, albumin, IL-6). Quality assessment was done using ROB2 and NOS tools. GRADE methodology was applied to assess evidence certainty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 studies involving 7,674 patients (2,750 TEN and 4,924 TPN) were analyzed. TEN was significantly associated with lower odds of infection (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.70; p = 0.003), multiple organ failure (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21-0.78; p = 0.007), and mortality (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.33-0.76; p = 0.001), compared to TPN. The requirement for surgical intervention was also reduced with TEN (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.07-1.00; p = 0.05), although with high heterogeneity and low certainty. No significant differences were observed in pancreatic necrosis (OR = 0.88; p = 0.62) or hospital stay (MD = 1.9 days; p = 0.11). Biochemical markers including serum amylase, lipase, albumin, and IL-6 showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. GRADE analysis rated the certainty of evidence as moderate for infection and hospital stay, low for organ failure and mortality, and very low for surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our updated meta-analysis demonstrates that total enteral nutrition is associated with significantly better clinical outcomes than total parenteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, particularly in reducing infection, organ failure, and mortality. Although differences in secondary outcomes were not statistically significant, the overall evidence supports TEN as the preferred nutritional approach in SAP management.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary diversity and body mass index predict cognitive performance and anaemia risk in Ghanaian adolescent girls.","authors":"Veronica Tawiah Annaful, Marina Aferiba Tandoh, Daniel Haik, Isaac Amoah","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01344-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01344-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence presents an opportunity for nutritional intervention especially among girls whose physical and cognitive development during this period has lifelong implications. In this cross-sectional study, the interrelationship between dietary diversity, nutritional status, anaemia and cognitive performance among 181 adolescent girls in public schools in Southern Ghana were examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed structured questionnaires to collect sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status, haemoglobin testing to determine anaemia status and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices to evaluate cognitive performance. Data analysis was conducted using R version 4.4.2 to explore the relationship between food quality, nutritional markers and cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean dietary diversity score was 5.7 ± 1.9, and nearly one in three participants was either underweight or overweight, indicating a double burden of malnutrition. Anaemia affected 18.4% of the participants, primarily in mild or moderate forms, while 14% demonstrated poor cognitive performance. A consistent and significant inverse relationship was observed between dietary diversity and poor cognition. Though not statistically significant, each unit increase in dietary diversity was associated with a 19% reduction in the odds of poor cognitive performance (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65-1.01, p = 0.056). Mid-adolescents (14-16 years) were significantly less likely to be malnourished compared to early adolescents (10-13 years) (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.86, p = 0.017). Normal BMI-for-age z-scores (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.23-1.66, p = 0.329) and higher hemoglobin levels (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.46-1.07, p = 0.081) were associated with reduced odds of poor cognitive performance; however, these associations were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In contexts where nutrition insecurity and educational inequalities converge, school-based interventions that promote diverse diets and screen for anaemia could improve adolescent health and academic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family matters: home characteristics related to dietary intake of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages in a national cross-sectional sample of school-aged children in the U.S.","authors":"Lorrene D Ritchie, Alexander C McLain, Marsha Dowda, Russell Pate, Edward A Frongillo, Deborah Parra-Medina, Gail Woodward-Lopez","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01339-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01339-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Home environments shape children's dietary habits, but which factors are most influential is unclear. The study purpose was to identify factors in the home environment associated with child intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) using a national dataset collected in 2013-2015 in the U.S.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 5,138 school-aged children (4-15 years old) from 130 U.S. communities were collected in 2013-2015. Parents and/or children completed a dietary screener and additional survey questions to assess household socioeconomic status (SES), grocery shopping sources, home food availability, social support for healthy eating, eating out frequency, and other home eating and related behaviors. Other child characteristics included breastfeeding history, intake of school foods, and participation in other nutrition programs. Community variables included predominant race/ethnicity and SES. Classification and regression trees (CART) identified key predictors of intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FV and SSB CARTS had 14 and 12 terminal groups, respectively. Children with the highest FV intake (0.54 SD from mean cups/day; 13% of sample) had fruit more often available at home, dark green vegetables more often available at home, ate dinner with family more often, had SSBs less often available at home, and were breastfed longer. Conversely, children in the two groups with the lowest FV intake either had fruit less often available at home, and family never complimented their eating (-0.86; 2%), or they had family that rarely or sometimes complimented their eating, and perceived school lunches as unhealthy (-0.87; 1%). For SSB intake, the lowest consumers (-0.63 SD from mean tsp/day sugar; 17%) never or rarely had SSBs available at home, and lived in higher SES communities. Children in the two groups with the highest SSB intakes had SSBs available at home more often, and lived in a SNAP-participating household and either ate out less often, used a phone/computer for social networking, and had SSBs available at home very often (1.3; 1%), or they ate out more often, and were breastfed for a shorter duration (1.1; 5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Home availability of FV and SSBs were the most salient predictors of intake of both FV and SSBs, while other predictors differed between FV and SSB intake. Study findings highlight several actionable home-environment strategies to test in future studies to improve school-aged children's diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary folate intake adequacy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services at public health centers in Chiro Woreda, Oromia Region, eastern Ethiopia, 2023.","authors":"Ermiyas Ibsa Dagaga, Berhe Gebremichael, Behailu Hawulte Ayele, Mowlid Abdi Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01329-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01329-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking the nutrition-related commitments and practices of major Belgian food companies by industry sector and over time (2019-2023/2024).","authors":"Sara Dastoum, Stefanie Vandevijvere","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01310-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01310-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No mandatory policies currently exist to address food environments in Belgium. Monitoring commitments and practices by food industry actors is essential for increasing accountability. The aim of this study was to evaluate and benchmark the transparency, specificity, and comprehensiveness of nutrition-related commitments and associated practices of leading food companies in Belgium, as well as changes over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Business Impact Assessment on Obesity and population-level nutrition (BIA-Obesity) was applied to assess commitments related to product formulation, labelling, promotion, accessibility, relationships with other organizations and corporate nutrition strategy among major packaged food and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers (n = 21), supermarkets (n = 5), and quick-service restaurants (QSR) (n = 6) in Belgium. Publicly available data on commitments in 2023/2024 were collected and company representatives invited to verify and supplement the information. A standardized scoring framework comprising around 60 indicators was used to assess the commitments. Company product portfolios were evaluated using Nutri-Score, the NOVA classification, and the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model. In addition, supermarket shelf-space allocation, and QSR density near schools were assessed. Results were compared to the 2019 BIA-Obesity Belgium to evaluate progress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>63% of companies (20/32) fully participated in the assessment process. Overall commitment scores ranged from 0% to 82%, with a median of 40%; supermarkets on average scored highest (median = 51%) and QSRs lowest (median = 15%). Product accessibility remained the weakest domain across sectors. Out of the 32 companies, 25 companies were also included in 2019. Since 2019, 18 of 25 companies improved their scores, while 3 remained stable and 5 declined. Compared to 2019, all supermarkets increased the proportion of products rated Nutri-Score A or B and reduced those rated D or E, while among packaged food companies, 40% increased A or B products and 60% reduced D or E products. Despite these improvements, ultra-processed foods remained prominent in high prominence areas, such as supermarket checkouts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite some slight improvements since 2019, company commitments and practices in Belgium remain inadequate for creating healthier food environments. Voluntary measures are insufficient to ensure meaningful progress. Stronger government regulations are urgently needed to create healthier food environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's empowerment and its association with household food security in Burkina Faso: a 2021 DHS-based analysis.","authors":"Narges Ebadi, Davod Ahmadi, Samiratou Ouedraogo, Souleymane Diabate","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01340-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01340-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}