BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Development and content validity of Diet Quality Index for Athletes (DQI-Athletes).","authors":"Neelam M Rathod, Suneeta S Chandorkar","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01282-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01282-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dietary recommendations for athletes vary according to the type of sport, and the use of uniform assessment criteria may not accurately capture diet quality of athletes from different sport disciplines and weight categories. For example, applying the same guidelines to power and skill sport athletes may lead to inaccurate scoring, similar to the limitations observed with population-based diet quality indices. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Diet Quality Index for Athletes(DQI-Athletes) and establish its content validity for the Indian athletic population.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>DQI-Athletes included four component types: adequacy,moderation, ratio, and dietary behaviours. Total score of DQI-Athletes ranged from 0 to 100. A total of 108 athletes(≥ 18 years; 52 females), currently in the training phase and representing diverse sports disciplines, were purposively selected. Dietary intake and anthropometric measurements were assessed using standardized protocols. Content validity was evaluated by a panel of ten experts through qualitative review and quantitative assessment through Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio(CVR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adequacy components assessed the intake of cereals and grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, total protein-rich foods, and micronutrients. Moderation components evaluated consumption of processed meat, processed fruit products, roots and tubers, cooking oil, solid fats, and added sugars. Scoring for adequacy and moderation components was based on an energy-density approach to account for variations in total energy intake of athletes from different sports. For adequacy components, scores ranged from zero(no intake) to maximum points (when intake met or exceeded the recommended cut-off), with intermediate values scored linearly. For moderation components, maximum points were assigned for intake at or below the cut-off, and zero points were assigned for intake at or above the threshold, with linear scoring in between. Thresholds for moderation components were determined based on the 85th percentile of intake observed in the study population. The ratio component was the ratio of whole grains to total grains intake. A ratio at or below the threshold ( ≤ 0.5) was assigned zero points. Behavioural components included abstinence from alcohol, adequate fluid intake, and consumption of pre- and post-training meals, which were assessed using a Likert scale. CVR for DQI-Athletes was 0.9.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DQI-Athletes integrates adequacy, moderation, ratio, and behavioural components to evaluate the overall diet quality of athletes of different sports. High CVR confirmed the content validity of the tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Iodine deficiency and excess in children and related factors in Alborz Province: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shabnam Baladastian, Fereshteh Bahreini, Ali Nouri, Mehrnaz Morvaridi, Hajar Tavakoli","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01492-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01492-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing equitable and sustainable school-based nutrition interventions.","authors":"Gozde Aydin, Claire Margerison, Janandani Nanayakkara","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01490-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01490-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schools are key settings for improving children's nutrition, but interventions often focus narrowly on classroom education. This Collection highlights the value of whole-school action addressing food environments, implementation, equity and sustainability. We aimed to attract research that strengthens scalable, context-sensitive school nutrition strategies and reduces disparities in children's dietary outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Association between the diabetes risk reduction diet and polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Maryam Jamalvandi, Hawal Lateef Fateh, Touraj Ahmadi Jouybari, Jalal Moludi, Mehnoosh Samadi, Mehdi Moradinazar","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01387-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01387-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium supplementation strategies in preterm infants: effects on growth, electrolyte balance, and exploratory evidence on neurodevelopment - a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yasmin Ahmed Hassan Mohamed Gad, Abeer Mohamed Hekal, Mohmmed Mostafa Ali Kashef, Muhamed Rafi, Fida Rafi, Mohamed Hafez Habeeb, Dina Mohamed Hafez","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01464-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01464-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of sodium supplementation on growth, electrolyte balance, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies were conducted using data from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies involving infants born before 37 weeks of gestation. Twelve studies comprising more than 2,800 participants were analysed using random-effects models. Sodium supplementation was associated with improved weight gain and a significant reduction in the risk of hyponatremia (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08-0.96). Pooled incidence estimates indicated hypernatremia (32%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (29%) among supplemented cohorts; however, substantial heterogeneity was observed, and comparative risk estimates were limited. Only one study reported long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up, suggesting potential benefit; however, the available evidence remains limited and hypothesis-generating.These findings suggest that sodium supplementation may support growth and is associated with a lower risk of hyponatremia in preterm infants; however, hypernatremia and other morbidity estimates reported here are largely descriptive frequencies within supplemented cohorts rather than comparative treatment effects, and careful, individualized therapy with close monitoring is needed to minimize potential risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the change in diet from baseline to first re-examination - results from the German National Cohort (NAKO).","authors":"Nina Wawro, Sven Knüppel, Katharina S Weber, Wolfgang Lieb, Paula Stürmer, Sabrina Schlesinger, Michael Leitzmann, Beate Fischer, Stefanie Castell, Börge Schmidt, Antje Hebestreit, Gowsiga Loganathan, Tobias Pischon, Katharina Nimptsch, Lilian Krist, Stefan N Willich, Annette Peters, André Karch, Henning Teismann, Nadia Obi, Sylvia Gastell, Stefanie Jaskulski, Matthias B Schulze, Jakob Linseisen","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01454-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01454-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the NAKO cohort, dietary assessment instruments were applied at baseline (2014-2019) and during the first re-examination (2019-2024). The aim was to assess and describe changes in dietary intake over time, and to evaluate the possible consequences of pooling dietary data from both assessment periods for NAKO participants with insufficient or missing dietary information at baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Full dietary information in both examination waves was collected in a group of 9,035 participants recruited in the study centers in Berlin-South and Freiburg. The mean difference between the baseline and first re-examination visit was 4.8 years (SD = 0.5). For both time periods, the usual intake of food items for each participant was estimated per examination wave using the modified Multiple Source Method (MSM) that incorporated repeated 24-hour food lists (24 h-FL) and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), combined with external data from the German National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II). Total energy intake and macronutrient intake were derived by linking food items to the German food composition database. On the individual level, differences in intake estimates were examined and the concordance was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the results showed a high concordance of energy and macronutrient intake estimates between both time periods (ICC ≥ 0.70 for macronutrients) and only small mean differences. On average, energy intake decreased by 56 kcal/day in males and 37 kcal/day in females. At the food group level, only small changes were observed, except for the consumption of meat and meat products, as well as milk and dairy products. In females, average meat and meat product consumption decreased from baseline to the first re-examination by 7.3 g/day and in males by 14.6 g/day; the intake of milk and dairy products decreased by about 20 g/day in both females and males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this NAKO sub-sample, habitual intake estimates for energy, macronutrients and most food groups were highly consistent between recruitment and first re-examination. While changes in two specific food groups were observed, overall macronutrient and energy intake remained stable over the five-year period. These findings suggest that in case of incomplete dietary data at baseline, it may be appropriate to use data from both examination waves to estimate a person's usual dietary intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do elite soccer players meet nutritional requirements? A scoping review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pedro Miguel Mendes, Diogo Vicente Martinho, Alain Massart, César Leão, Rodrigo Abreu, Cristian Petri, Vítor Hugo Teixeira, Adam Field, Néstor Ordoñez-Saavedra, Hugo Sarmento","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01439-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01439-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This scoping review and meta-analysis synthesised current evidence on energy and macronutrient intake and energy expenditure in elite male and female soccer players. Despite established nutritional guidelines, concerns persist regarding chronic low energy availability and its implications for both performance and health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 57 studies involving professional and semi-professional athletes aged 16 years and older were included. Meta-analyses were conducted for energy intake and total energy expenditure, with analyses performed separately for male and female players. Evidence was also synthesised for dietary intake, including carbohydrate, protein, and fat consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Energy intake and expenditure comparisons were based on 11 studies in male players and 6 in female players. Across both sexes, findings consistently demonstrated negative energy balance. Male players exhibited significant intake deficits relative to expenditure, averaging up to - 741 kcal^.day⁻¹, while female players showed deficits of - 544 kcal^.day⁻¹ (both p < 0.01). Even after adjustment for estimated underreporting (~ 19%), substantial energy gaps persisted, particularly among males. Carbohydrate intake was derived from 26 studies in male players (pre-season: 5.42 g^.kg⁻^1.day⁻¹; in-season: 4.62 g^.kg⁻^1.day⁻¹) and 7 studies in female players (3.79 g^.kg⁻^1.day⁻¹). Protein intake was based on 25 studies in male players (1.78 g^.kg⁻^1.day⁻¹) and 8 studies in female players (1.57 g^.kg⁻^1.day⁻¹). Overall, carbohydrate and protein intakes generally aligned with the lower end of UEFA recommended ranges, with more pronounced inadequacies observed in female players, while fat intake was consistent with established nutritional guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasise the need for more rigorous, sex-specific investigations to underpin evidence-based nutritional strategies in elite soccer, thereby bridging the gap between research and practice while safeguarding both performance and athlete well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an educational program on mothers' reported practice regarding care of their children with vitamin deficiencies.","authors":"Eman Abdel Fatah Mousa, Eman Amin Mohamed, Eman Abdel Fatah Ali, Fatma Mohamed Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01253-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01253-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin deficiencies remain significant public health concerns that adversely affect children's growth and development. Mothers, as primary caregivers, play a key role in shaping their children's health practices. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on mothers' reported practice regarding care of their children with vitamin deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the nutrition clinic of the Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University. A purposive sample of 50 mothers of children diagnosed with vitamin deficiencies (42 vitamin D deficiency, 6 vitamin A deficiency, and 2 vitamin C deficiency) was included. A structured educational program was delivered to mothers, and maternal reported practices were assessed before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in the total reported practice scores of mothers following the educational program, indicating enhanced care practices related to managing their children's vitamin needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the structured educational program was effectively improved mothers' reported practices regarding care of their children with vitamin deficiencies, emphasizing the importance of mother education and educational intervention in addressing childhood nutritional deficiencies. Enhancing their knowledge and practices is essential in addressing these nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, the findings of this study could be applied to improve mothers' roles in the physical, psychological, and social aspects of child care.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) for adolescent girls: are we getting carried away by the hype?","authors":"Natasha Lelijveld, Emily C Keats, Marion L Roche","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01449-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-026-01449-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) during pregnancy have gained attention in recent years due to growing evidence that they are more effective than iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements in preventing preterm birth and low birth weight. So, should MMS also replace weekly iron and folic acid supplements (WIFAS) for non-pregnant adolescent girls?</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of sarcopenia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Chenping Xi, Jiaqi Wang, Xiaolin Liu, Caijuan Si, Xiaohua Ke, Huiting Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40795-026-01434-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01434-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological studies have investigated the potential association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of sarcopenia, with inconsistent results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize available evidence regarding the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251145903). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four electronic databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from database inception to July 2025. Random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus lowest categories of Mediterranean diet score in relation to sarcopenia risk. The Cochran's Q test and I-squared (I²) statistic were used to detect the sources of heterogeneity among the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven observational studies (3 cohort and 4 cross-sectional studies) with 9,709 participants were included. The results showed that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia (OR = 0.81; 95%CI:0.71-0.92, P = 0.002), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 70.2%; P_{heterogeneity}=0.002). Dose-response analysis showed an inverse linear association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of sarcopenia (OR = 0.873; 95% CI:0.846-0.901, P_{dose-response}<0.001, P_nonlinearity=0.369). Subgroup analyses revealed an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of sarcopenia in the subgroups of sample size < 1000 (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.20-0.58, P < 0.001), questionnaire/food record (OR = 0.83; 95%CI:0.77-0.89, P < 0.001), and posteriori method defining Mediterranean diet(OR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.19-0.62, P < 0.001), with less evidence of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggested that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 19% reduced risk of sarcopenia. Further large prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to affirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD420251145903.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}