BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Hepatic toll of keto: unveiling the inflammatory and structural consequences of ketogenic diet in rats.","authors":"Khatereh Rezazadeh, Mohammad Barzegar, Erfan Nezamdoost, Maryam Shoaran, Mehran Mesgari Abbasi, Babollah Ghasemi, Solmaz Madadi, Sina Raeisi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01057-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01057-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a therapeutic diet for a range of diseases such as epilepsy, obesity, and cancer. However, it may cause some adverse effects that are not well known. This study aimed to assess the possible impact of the KD on liver structure and function, as well as hepatic inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety male rats were randomly divided into two groups: the normal diet group consumed a standard rat chow, and the KD group consumed a diet composed of 90% fat, 8% protein, and 2% carbohydrates for 30 days. The serum levels of lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), liver enzymes, hepatic levels of inflammatory markers, and steatosis grading were evaluated and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum cholesterol and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in the KD group were significantly higher than in the normal diet group. However, there were no significant differences between groups in serum triglyceride and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Hepatic inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), both were higher in the KD group compared to the normal diet group. In the liver biopsy, the degree of steatosis was significantly higher in the KD group compared to the normal diet group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The KD may cause hepatic adverse effects by inducing steatosis and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between milk consumption and migraines among American adults: national health and nutrition examination survey.","authors":"Xiwang Gao, Tingting Wang, Sha Xu, Xiuping Chai, Pingfan Wang, Huanhua Gu, Hongna Ma, Zhimin Wang, Fangyuan Chang","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01052-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01052-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraines have been associated with nutritional imbalances within the brain, sparking ongoing interest in the possible association between dietary elements, including milk intake, and the occurrence of migraines. Nevertheless, the exact nature of the connection between milk consumption and migraines remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis sought to explore the association between milk intake and the prevalence of migraines. The study utilized data from individuals aged 20 and above who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. In our study, we meticulously gathered comprehensive data on severe headaches or migraines, milk consumption, along with critical variables such as age, sex, marital status, and body mass index, among others. Milk consumption among participants was ascertained through a questionnaire. Logistic regression modeling and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between milk consumption and the incidence of severe headaches or migraines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 8850 participants, 19.98% (1768/8850) were identified as having migraines. Compared to individuals with only regular/whole milk consumption in the past 30 days, the adjusted OR values for only skim milk consumption in the past 30 days were 0.73 (95%CI: 0.60-0.89, p = 0.001), 0.78 (95%CI: 0.64-0.95, p = 0.014), and 0.77 (95%CI: 0.63-0.93, p = 0.009), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A notable association was detected between the type of milk intake and the occurrence of migraines. These results lay the groundwork for future investigations into the role of milk consumption in migraine management, potentially informing strategies for alleviating migraine symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Modified Dosages for Acute Malnutrition (MODAM) study: protocol for three integrated randomized controlled trials of novel approaches for the management of childhood wasting in Ethiopia.","authors":"Indi Trehan, Yosef Beyene, Hiwot Darsene, Bailey S Adams, Maria Wrabel, Getu Gizaw, Liya A Legese, Bernardette Cichon, Stanley Chitekwe, Mesfin W Shellemew, Masresha Tessema, Heather C Stobaugh","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01054-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01054-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Only a small percentage of children with severe and moderate acute malnutrition receive treatment due to resource limitations, relatively complex treatment protocols, persistent supply chain challenges, and limited early identification among high-risk populations. Several innovations to the current model of care for uncomplicated acute malnutrition have been proposed, including modified doses of nutritional supplementation and family-led mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and edema screening (\"Family MUAC\") for early identification. The evidence base for these innovations remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Modified Dosages for Acute Malnutrition (MODAM) study includes three integrated individually randomized clinical trials testing innovations in the identification and treatment of acute malnutrition in Ethiopia. One trial will enroll 2400 children aged 6-59 months with severe acute malnutrition, testing standard weight-based dosing of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) against two experimental RUTF dosing regimens: either two sachets (1000 kcal) daily of RUTF until discharge, or two sachets until achieving anthropometric criteria for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), at which time dosing will be decreased to one sachet (500 kcal) daily until discharge as fully recovered. A second trial will enroll 2400 children with MAM and test a standard dose of one daily sachet (540 kcal) of ready-to-use supplemental food against two experimental dosing regimes: one sachet (500 kcal) or two sachets (1000 kcal) of RUTF daily until discharge. Children who recover from these two trials will be randomized again into a third trial evaluating post-recovery protocols designed for the early identification of relapse: (1) the control arm involving one scheduled return visit at 24 weeks post-recovery; (2) the first intervention arm involving three scheduled return visits at 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-recovery; and (3) the second intervention arm which involves caregivers receiving Family MUAC training and one scheduled visit at 24 weeks post-recovery.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study will provide data on the effectiveness of multiple innovations in the management of childhood acute malnutrition. Results will add to the evidence base on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such modifications in the identification and management of acute malnutrition, ideally adding to the global database on this topic and directly contributing to future WHO guidelines.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Trials were registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06038071 (registered September 8, 2023), NCT06056089 (registered September 20, 2023), and NCT06061484 (registered September 24, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association among nutrition knowledge, food frequency, and food insecurity during pregnancy.","authors":"Perizat Adylbekova, Katherine Balantekin, Kristiana Feeser, Jennifer Temple","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01051-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01051-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy nutrition recommendations are aimed at maximizing the health of pregnant people and fetuses, but the ability of people to follow these recommendations may depend on their level of nutrition knowledge and their food security status. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrition knowledge of pregnant people in the U.S. and to explore relationships among pregnancy nutrition knowledge, food intake frequency, and food security. We hypothesized that lower pregnancy nutrition knowledge would be associated with less frequent intake of recommended foods and more frequent intake of foods not recommended. We also hypothesized that these relationships would be moderated by food insecurity. Finally, we hypothesized that people with food insecurity would be less likely to adhere to pregnancy nutrition recommendations, regardless of the nutrition knowledge level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 211 participants were recruited through Cloud Research survey platform. Participants completed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Food Frequency Questionnaire (NHANES FFQ), Pregnancy Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (PNKQ), and U.S. Department of Agriculture 6-item Food Security Survey with Nutrition Security questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower pregnancy nutrition knowledge and food insecurity were both associated with more frequent intake of both recommended and not recommended foods. The relationship between intake of \"foods to avoid in pregnancy\" and food insecurity was moderated by pregnancy nutrition knowledge, with greater nutrition knowledge associated with reductions in \"foods to avoid in pregnancy\" and alcohol, in particular.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pregnant people consumed adequate amounts of recommended foods, regardless of pregnancy nutrition knowledge and food security status, but both impacted intake of \"foods to avoid in pregnancy\". Overall, nutrition knowledge was poor among participants. A significant observation from this study was the higher alcohol consumption among the lower pregnancy nutrition knowledge and food insecure people, highlighting the necessity to address alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Pregnancy nutrition education targeting lower socioeconomic groups could help improve adherence to nutrition recommendations in pregnant people with food insecurity. This is particularly crucial for educating about foods to avoid during pregnancy and tackling the issue of alcohol intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of low vitamin C concentrations and low consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Anna Toffalini, Nicolò Vigolo, Nicoletta Rolli, Elisa Paviati, Matteo Gelati, Elisa Danese, Giacomo Zoppini","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01049-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01049-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vitamin C is a fundamental antioxidant with important metabolic actions in several biological processes. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are exposed to oxidative stress as a consequence of an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aims of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in ambulatory patients with T2D, to study the relationship between vitamin C levels and cardiovascular diseases and to correlate the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables with vitamin C levels and the presence of cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vitamin C levels, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, were measured in 200 outpatients with T2D. All other laboratory variables were measured by standard methods. The association between vitamin C and cardiovascular diseases was assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin C deficiency was found in 12.2% of the subjects. Vitamin C levels and consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables were lower in subjects with cardiovascular diseases. Consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables was associated with higher levels of vitamin C. In the multivariable analysis, vitamin C was independently associated with cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study suggests that vitamin C may have an inverse relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Intake of vitamin C from fresh fruit and vegetables could play a protective role.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary mineral patterns are associated with the pre-diabetes regression and progression: the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS).","authors":"Mohammad Jalali, Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01047-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01047-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the potential association between dietary mineral patterns and longitudinal change of glycemic status among individuals with prediabetes (Pre-DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1456 individuals with Pre-DM (mean age of 47.2 ± 12.8, and 52.5% men) who participated in the third (2006-2008) and fourth (2009-2011) examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) that followed up until 2015-2017. The participants' habitual dietary intakes of minerals were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Principle factor analysis (PCA) identified three major mineral patterns (with a total variance of 92.3%), including multi-mineral (MM) (characterized by higher loads of phosphorous, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and copper), chromium-selenium (Cr-Se), and iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) patterns. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and regression to normal glucose regulation (NGR) across tertile categories of mineral patterns score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median follow-up of 5.8 years, the incidence rates of T2D and NGR was 23.8% and 46.8%, respectively. After adjustment of T2D risk score (i.e., composed of age, sex, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, body mass index, and physical activity level) and dietary confounders, Cr-Se and Fe-Mn patterns were associated with an increased chance of returning to NGR by 26% (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.02-1.55) and 42% (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.14-1.76), respectively. Fe-Mn pattern was also associated with a reduced risk of developing T2D (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49-0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings emphasize the potential benefits of dietary Fe-Mn and Cr-Se intakes in pre-diabetic individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean diet and diabetic microvascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Diar Zooravar, Pedram Soltani, Saeed Khezri","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01038-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01038-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), contribute significantly to morbidity and healthcare burdens among individuals with diabetes. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with improved metabolic health, but its role in mitigating microvascular complications remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of MD adherence on the risk and progression of these complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus was conducted through February 12, 2025 to identify studies evaluating MD adherence and diabetic microvascular complications. Meta-analysis was performed where possible, with effect sizes reported as odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies, encompassing 138 to 71,392 participants, were included. Meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in DR risk among individuals adhering to the MD (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.97, p = 0.03; OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.82, p = 0.02). A lower likelihood of DN development was observed (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.99, p = 0.04; OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.96, p = 0.04). However, results for diabetic neuropathy were inconclusive due to study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses revealed notable heterogeneity and publication bias was detected in some analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduced risk of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, supporting its potential as a dietary intervention for diabetes management. However, the evidence for neuropathy remains inconclusive. Future well-controlled randomized trials are needed to strengthen causal inferences and refine clinical recommendations for MD-based interventions in diabetic microvascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anemia and food insecurity: the nutritional struggles of pregnant women in Lebanon amid unprecedented crises.","authors":"Rana Mahfouz, Yonna Sacre, Rana Rizk, Myriam El Khoury-Malhame, Toni Sawma, Lara Hanna-Wakim, Maha Hoteit","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01042-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01042-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Pregnant women require specific dietary intake to optimize fetal development and support mother's health. The ongoing crises in Lebanon: the economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Beirut port explosion, limited the population's overall ability to consume a well-balanced diet, preventing adequate consumption of fresh, whole food and possibly disrupting people's eating habits, notably for pregnant women. Given the vulnerability of pregnant women to malnutrition and diseases during those times, research on the nutrition status and intake of pregnant women is urgently needed to inform targeted policies and programs. This study explores nutritional status (malnutrition and anemia), food insecurity, and diet quality, and associated factors in Lebanese adult pregnant women residing in Lebanon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 500 adult Lebanese pregnant women who were in different pregnancy trimesters, between March and October 2023. Collected data included sociodemographic and medical characteristics, anthropometrics, serum hemoglobin, food security status, and diet quality using validated tools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 38.6% of the participants had anemia, with more than half (53.8%) reporting not taking iron supplements. Food insecurity prevalence was 14.6% based on the \"Food Insecurity Experience Scale\" and 22.6% based on the \"Arab Family Food Security Scale\". Although most women in the sample (79.2%) had a high minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W) score and an acceptable household dietary diversity, however; around 38% and 81.6% of them had low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the USDA dietary guidelines, respectively. Being in the second (aOR: 1.77) or third (aOR:1.88) pregnancy trimesters increased the likelihoods of anemia; while being employed (aOR: 0.46) and having a higher household income (aOR: 0.639) decreased the likelihood of maternal anemia. Living in a crowded household (aOR: 0.072) decreased the odds of high MDD-W, while being employed (aOR: 2.88), being food secure (aOR: 1.76) and living in the North and Akkar (aOR: 2.44) or South and Nabatieh (aOR: 2.06) increased the odds of high MDD-W. Being food secure (aOR: 1.87) increased the likelihood of fair to very good MD adherence, while having a higher household income (aOR: 0.57) decreased adherence to MD. A higher household income (aOR: 0.57) decreased the adherence to USDA dietary guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Anemia, compounded by low levels of iron supplementation and low adherence to healthy diets, warrant immediate public action given the detrimental effects they have on pregnancy outcomes. National comprehensive nutrition policies and interventions are thus needed to enhance adherence to healthy diets and the overall health of pregnant women. This also requires improving the food security situation of Lebanese pregnant women, as o","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nutritional supplements on gut microbiome in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.","authors":"Elaheh Dehghani, Keyvan Karimi, Soheil Arekhi, Maryam Ardeshir, Reshad Rezapour, Monir Shayestehfar, Amir Hossein Memari","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01043-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01043-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a range of disruptive conditions with varying prevalence rates and multiple contributing factors. Recent studies have suggested a potential connection between NDDs and the gut-brain axis. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating that nutritional supplements might have an impact on gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to explore the effects of nutritional supplements on the gut microbiota and behavioral symptoms in individuals with NDDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and APA PsycINFO was conducted, utilizing relevant keywords until February 2025. In addition, the search for gray literature was carried out on Google Scholar and ProQuest. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies and the RoB-1 tool for randomized controlled trials. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM) approach was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall findings from the studies indicated positive effects of supplementation in reducing the Gastrointestinal Severity Index (GIS) score and alleviating GI symptoms. Supplementation with probiotics and vitamins increased good microbiomes (GM) and decrease in bad microbiomes (BM) among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moreover, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/R ratio) exhibited significant changes after supplementation. Additionally, improvements were observed in various assessment scores, including ATEC, ABC, CARS, and PGI-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nutritional supplementation in individuals with NDDs can have a positive influence by modulating the microbiome, reducing dysbiosis, and enhancing gut barrier integrity. Shifting in the F/R ratio can be considered as the reason for improving gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms by influencing neurotransmitter activity and neuroinflammation. Targeting the gut-brain axis with interventions that focus on gut microbiota offers a promising adjunct therapy for the management of NDD. Registration of the review protocol. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023460449.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and dietary inflammatory indices of the eight major cuisines of China.","authors":"Wenzhi Zhao, Zhongwei Jia, Hanping Shi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-00999-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-00999-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chinese cuisines are celebrated for their remarkable qualities in color, aroma, and taste. There are eight major culinary styles, each characterized by its distinct flavors. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) serves as a comprehensive measure of the inflammatory potential of diet and is designed for universal applicability in dietary assessments across all human studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ingredients, food composition, and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) of dishes from the eight major cuisines of China were analyzed based on two cookbooks. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was utilized for the analysis of non-normally distributed data. Additionally, systematic cluster analysis and chi-square analysis were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 980 dishes representing eight distinct cuisines were included in this study. Condiments emerged as the most prevalent ingredient across the various cuisines. In terms of standard servings (per 100 g), Sichuan cuisine exhibited the highest levels of energy (calories) and fat content. Conversely, Zhejiang cuisine displayed the highest carbohydrate content, whereas Sichuan cuisine recorded the lowest. When evaluated per energy-equivalent serving (per 2056 kcal), dishes from Sichuan cuisine contained the highest amounts of total fat and dietary fiber. In contrast, Fujian cuisine had the highest carbohydrate content, while Sichuan cuisine again had the lowest. Similarly, dishes from Anhui cuisine demonstrated the highest levels of protein and niacin, whereas Sichuan cuisine had the lowest. A significant difference was observed among the cuisines concerning the distribution of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The percentage of pro-inflammatory dishes was highest in Anhui cuisine (63.1%) and lowest in Sichuan cuisine (41.9%). Additionally, Sichuan cuisine exhibited the highest percentage of high fat-protein dishes, while Anhui cuisine had the lowest, with a statistically significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinct Chinese cuisines demonstrated varying preferences for ingredient selection, which can be partially attributed to the unique tastes associated with local culinary traditions. The energy and nutrient composition across different cuisines exhibited significant variability. Notably, the proportion of pro-inflammatory dishes was highest in Anhui cuisine, while Sichuan cuisine surprisingly contained the lowest percentage.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}