BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Health outcomes reported by healthcare providers and clients of a community-based medically tailored meal program.","authors":"Jessica M Sautter, Jule Anne Henstenburg, Adrian Glass Crafford, Ian Rowe-Nicholls, Victor S Diaz, Kaitlyn Ann Bartholomew, Julia S Evans, Maria R Johnson, Jeffrey Zhou, Deeksha Ajeya","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00955-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00955-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medically tailored meal (MTM) programs provide home-delivered meals to people living with serious illness and poor nutritional status. Client outcome studies have found evidence of decreased healthcare utilization and cost savings associated with MTM program participation, and inconclusive evidence of change in health measures. The purpose of this study was to use a novel observational framework to describe the client profile and change in health outcomes using routinely collected health and program data from a community-based MTM program at MANNA (Philadelphia, PA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clients reported their self-rated health and experiences of food insecurity and malnutrition. Healthcare providers reported clients' body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1C. These health outcomes, measured at program intake and 3-6 months later, were linked with administrative data for 1,959 clients who completed at least two months of MTM services in 2020, 2021, and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clients exhibited substantial heterogeneity in demographics and health status at intake. Self-reported malnutrition risk decreased significantly over program duration (p < .001). Nearly one-third of clients with poor health reported improvement over time. Over 60% of clients with obesity experienced stable BMI. Clients with hypertension experienced significant improvements in systolic blood pressure (p < .001). Clients with diabetes and available data (n = 45) demonstrated significant reduction in hemoglobin A1C (p = .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found evidence that participation in MANNA's MTM program was associated with favorable health outcomes for clients with serious illness and nutritional risk. Community-based organizations can maximize the completeness of their data by focusing on routinely collected internal data like validated health screeners and surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven development and validation of a nutrient-based score to measure nutritional balance of meals in the Philippines.","authors":"Fabio Mainardi, Richard G Côté, Nele Kristin Silber, Roko Plestina, Eldridge Ferrer, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00954-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00954-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The goal of the present study was to design an easily computable score, based on nutrient composition data instead of food groups, to evaluate the nutritional quality and balance of meals, adapted to the nutritional recommendations for Filipino adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The score was defined as a weighted average of 9 nutrient scores. Protein, total fat, saturated fat, free sugars were scored as % of energy; calcium, fiber, sodium, vitamin C, magnesium were scored based on the local dietary reference intakes. The scoring algorithm was an adaption of a score previously developed by the authors based on US data. In the present study, the score was applied to 69,923 meals reported by 31,218 adult Filipinos aged 20 to 59 in the 2018 edition of the Philippine Expanded National Nutrition Survey to evaluate its validity and compare against exemplary meals designed as part of 24 h diet plans that meet local dietary guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meals from these exemplary menu plans, developed by local nutrition experts, scored on average 72.2 ± 13.9 (mean ± standard deviation) while those of survey participants scored 46.1 ± 12.9. Meal scores were significantly associated with the density of positive micronutrients (e.g., Vit A, Vit C) and favourable food groups (e.g. fruits, whole grains) not directly included in the algorithm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The score, between 0 and 100, is a valid tool to assess the nutritional quality of meals consumed by the PH population, accounting for both shortfall and excess nutrients, adjusted for the energy content of the meal. If applied to consumer-facing applications, it could potentially help users to understand which meals are nutritionally balanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the potential impact of a tax on fruit juice in South Africa: implications for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and health financing.","authors":"Micheal Kofi Boachie, Karen Hofman, Susan Goldstein, Evelyn Thsehla","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00941-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00941-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South Africa is experiencing a persistent growth in non-communicable diseases. Diabetes is among the top ten causes of mortality, especially among women, which is partly driven by high levels of added sugar consumption and obesity. To reduce obesity rates and the incidence of diabetes, South Africa introduced a tax on sugar sweetened beverages (also known as the Health Promotion Levy (HPL)) in 2018. The tax is applicable to sugar-sweetened beverages but excludes 100% fruit juice. The government is currently considering extending the tax to include fruit juices. This study models the potential health and economic impact of taxing fruit juices at 20% of the retail price of one liter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To analyze the distributional impact of the tax, this study uses extended cost-effectiveness analysis methodology. Data on price elasticities, healthcare cost, income, fruit juice consumption were sourced from the literature and representative national surveys. The potential impact of the tax on diabetes incidence, prevalence, mortality, and financial benefits were estimated for each income group (lowest, quintile 1 to highest, quintile 5).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We estimate that a 20% tax on fruit juice would avert 156,640 incident cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus over 20 years, with most disease averted occurring among the first- and fifth-income groups. Averted deaths from diabetes would average 2,000 deaths per quintile (for quintiles 1 to 4) and about 2,800 in quintile 5. The improved health resulting from averted incidence and deaths will reduce overall healthcare expenditure by R7.5 billion over 20 years, of which R2.3 billion will occur in the fifth quintile. The South African government will also save about R300 million in subsidizing diabetes-related healthcare cost as a result of prevention; and would raise R8.6 billion in tax revenues per annum. Out-of-pocket expenditure savings will be R303 million and a financial risk protection (money-metric value of insurance) of R4.6 billion over the 20-year period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that an HPL that significantly raises the retail price of fruit juices would reduce consumption and diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. The tax will also provide significant financial benefits in the form of reduced healthcare costs for both government and households as well as providing financial risk protection to individuals. Health taxes are win-win policies that improve population health and generate revenue for governments to fund public health services delivery and thus improve overall health financing activities of the government. Therefore, population level disease prevention measures such as health taxes are important for achieving universal health coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric status, body composition and timing of pubertal milestones in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Helena Nti, Brietta M Oaks, Elizabeth L Prado, Lois Maame Donkor Aryee, Seth Adu-Afarwuah","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00951-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00951-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rise of the triple burden of malnutrition, the changing nutrition situation in Sub-Saharan Africa may be associated with changes in pubertal timing of adolescents. The purpose of this review was to summarize the association between nutritional status and pubertal milestones among children in SSA.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A search of publications was conducted in PubMed and Scopus on 1st April 2023. Observational studies with children aged 0 to 22 years, that reported nutritional status and association with pubertal milestones in SSA were selected for review. Risk of bias was assessed using the NOS and results were presented using the PRISMA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies published from 1992 to 2021 reporting data from nine countries and a total of 21,853 children were included in this review. Mean menarche age relative to nutritional status varied from 17.2 years in stunted adolescents in Senegal to 13.3 (in the underweight), 13.9 (in normal weight girls), and 14.1 (in overweight girls) years in adolescents in Ethiopia. Adolescents who were not stunted in Kenya and those with higher height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI) in South Africa had more advanced breast development. Pubic hair development was positively associated with HAZ and BMI z-scores (BMIZ) at 5 years in South Africa and overweight and obesity in adolescents in Nigeria. Attainment of voice break in adolescent boys in Nigeria was associated with lower likelihood of stunting and underweight. In a study in Zambia, earlier onset and more rapid progression of genital development assessed by testicular volume in boys was associated with increased height and arm muscle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher BMI, height, weight, and triceps skinfolds are significantly associated with advanced pubertal development in SSA. In SSA, less than one-third of the countries have published any research studies on nutritional status and pubertal milestones. Future studies should focus on detailed assessment of pubertal development and associated nutritional factors in both male and female adolescents in SSA.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42022350048.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring metabolic syndrome and dietary quality in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Zahra Namkhah, Kiyavash Irankhah, Sina Sarviha, Seyyed Reza Sobhani","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00948-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00948-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors affecting a quarter of the global population, with diet playing a significant role in its progression. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DDRRS) and the Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) scoring systems in assessing the diet-related risk of metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, data from 7431 individuals aged between 30 and 70 years, obtained from the Mashhad Cohort Study, were utilized to evaluate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants' dietary intake. The MQI was calculated based on carbohydrate, fat, and healthy protein components, while the DDRRS was also computed. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between MQI and DDRRS with metabolic syndrome and its components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the crude model, we observed lower odds of MetS in the highest quartile of DDRRS and MQI compared to the lowest quartile (P-trend < 0.001). This trend persisted in the fully adjusted models, revealing odds ratios of 0.399 (95% CI: 0.319-0.500) and 0.597 (95% CI: 0.476-0.749) for DDRRS and MQI, respectively. After controlling for all potential confounders, we observed lower odds of central obesity in the highest quartile of MQI (OR: 0.818, 95% CI: 0.676-0.989, P-trend = 0.027). Furthermore, we found that the odds of high triglyceride levels were lower in the highest quartile of DDRRS compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 0.633, 95% CI: 0.521, 0.770, P-trend < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study indicates that greater adherence to both DDRRS and MQI is linked to a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. These findings hold significant implications for public health and the development of personalized nutrition strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teachers' perception of their students' dietary habits in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Mekdes Mekonnen Kifle, Laura Terragni, Marianne Morseth","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00946-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00946-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor dietary choices and consumption of unhealthy foods are major determinants of malnutrition among adolescents in Ethiopia. The school food environment is a valuable setting for exploring adolescents' eating habits. Teachers have an important role in understanding factors that impact students' dietary choices. The aim of this study is to explore secondary school teachers' perceptions towards adolescents' dietary habits in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a qualitative research design. Four focus group discussions, involving a total of 13 teachers, were conducted at governmental and private schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Additionally, observations of the food environment in these four schools. The transcripts from the focus group discussions and photographs from observations were analyzed using thematic analysis. Triangulation of data sources and persistent observation of the data were employed to enhance the study's trustworthiness. The study was approved by the Norwegian Center for Research Data and the Addis Ababa Health Bureau, and all participants provided informed consent.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Teachers perceived adolescents' dietary habits as unhealthy, characterized by the consumption of unsafe foods, limited variety, and reliance on processed foods. Factors negatively influencing adolescents' dietary habits include a lack of awareness about a healthy diet among both students and parents. Low familial income levels were also identified as a barrier to eating a healthy diet. The unavailability of healthy foods and the advertising of unhealthy and processed foods as well as peer influence were hindrances to a healthy diet both at school and home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides additional evidence of the nutrition transition which is linked to the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in low-income countries. Factors affecting adolescent diets at school are multileveled. Incorporating nutrition education into the school curriculum will likely improve dietary awareness mitigating peer influence. Regulating the school food environment and enforcing advertisement laws targeting adolescents can promote healthier school food environments. Providing short term nutrition trainings for biology or science teachers and strengthen their role in delivering nutrition education to children and their families, along with implementing measures to address food insecurity and restricting availability of unhealthy food at school need to be regarded as priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition assessment in individuals with class II/III obesity: a narrative review.","authors":"Erika Aparecida Silveira, Maria Clara Rezende Castro, Andrea Toledo Oliveira Rezende, Ana Paula Dos Santos Rodrigues, Felipe Mendes Delpino, Emilly Santos Oliveira, Flávia Campos Corgosinho, Cesar de Oliveira","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00913-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00913-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with class II/III obesity have a high percentage of body fat. Assessing body composition in cases of severe obesity can be difficult and controversial both in clinical practice and scientific research. Thus, it is essential to explore the different aspects of evaluating body composition and to discuss the available methods to assess it in this population.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To summarise and discuss the methods used to measure body composition in adults with class II/III obesity and their potential in clinical practice and scientific research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative review using data from PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs databases. Original articles on body composition analysis in adults with class II/III obesity i.e., a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² were eligible. Body composition assessment methods were analysed and described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some imaging methods produced significantly accurate results. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) significantly produces accurate results and has been used in clinical studies. However, due to its high cost, it is not applicable in clinical practice. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has good accuracy and is more appropriate for clinical practice than other methods. We have highlighted several aspects of the importance and applicability of performing body composition analysis in individuals with class II/III obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DXA has been considered the most adequate method for clinical research. Multifrequency BIA may be a viable alternative to DXA for use in clinical practice. Assessing body composition and its components is important for people with class II/III obesity. It can help improve the effectiveness of interventions and clinical treatments, especially in reducing the risk of losing muscle mass. Muscle loss can cause sarcopenic obesity and other clinical complications, so understanding body composition is crucial. Assessing body composition can also help understand the impact of interventions on bones and avoid clinical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of fructose and fiber consumption and physical activity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Camellia Akhgarjand, Mahdieh Entezarian, Simin Samavat, Aryan Tavakoli, Aliarash Anoushirvani, Golaleh Asghari, Emad Yusbashian, Pooneh Dehghan, Parvin Mirmiran, Hossein Imani","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00943-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-024-00943-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most prevalent liver disease in overweight and obese children. While no cure exists, dietary and lifestyle modifications have been shown to improve the condition. This study investigates the relationship between fructose and fiber consumption, physical activity, and NAFLD in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 378 overweight and obese children aged 6-13 years. NAFLD diagnosis was confirmed via ultrasound, and dietary intake was assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was evaluated using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After excluding 53 participants due to incomplete data, 325 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 9.2 ± 1.7 years, and 35% had NAFLD. No significant association was found between fructose intake and NAFLD (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35-1.29, P = 0.221). However, higher intake of legume fiber (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.90, P = 0.03) and nut fiber (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.95, P = 0.04) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD. Physical activity showed a trend towards reduced NAFLD risk but was not statistically significant after adjustments (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.22-1.04, P = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While fructose intake was not significantly linked to NAFLD in this population, fiber from legumes and nuts appeared protective. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify the role of physical activity in NAFLD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to plant-based diet during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective birth cohort study.","authors":"Elham Bazshahi, Sanaz Pourreza, Ahmad Jayedi, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Alireza Emadi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00949-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00949-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that plant-based foods have a protective effect against gestational diabetes (GDM). We examined the association between plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in a sample of Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 635 pregnant women for the present study. Dietary intakes were evaluated by using a 90-item food frequency questionnaire during the first trimester of pregnancy. Three plant-based including plant-based (PDI), unhealthy (uPDI) and healthy (hPDI) were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model were fitted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of GDM across categories of the plan-based dietary indices, while controlling for age, educational level, physical activity, family income, prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and total energy intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 635 mothers were included, of whom 79 participants were diagnosed with GDM. Those in the third tertile of the PDI (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.98) and hPDI (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.78) had a lower risk of developing GDM during their current pregnancy as compared to the first tertile. There was no association between uPDI and risk of GDM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that higher adherence to a plant-based diet during early pregnancy may be associated with a lower GDM risk among Iranian women. Confirmation of this finding is necessary in larger cohort studies, taking into account other pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle, dietary pattern and colorectal cancer: a case-control study.","authors":"Zahra Rostampoor, Sima Afrashteh, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah, Haleh Ghaem, Maurice P Zeegers, Mohammad Fararouei","doi":"10.1186/s40795-024-00950-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024-00950-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Iran, not only the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing but also the age of patients at diagnosis is alarmingly dropping. We need urgent actions to better understand the epidemiology of CRC and the contributing factors for such pattern in Iranian population. The aim of our study was to determine the potential contribution of lifestyle, including dietary pattern, to CRC in a large Iranian province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital based case-control study was performed on 572 participants (275 cases and 297 controls). Patients in the case group were newly diagnosed with CRC in a referral hospital and patients in the control group were selected from those patients with non-malignancy diseases who were admitted to the same hospital. Control group was frequency matched to the case group for gender and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, direct associations were observed between usual pattern of defecation (OR_{> 3rd /every day} =4.74, 95% CI: 1.78-12.59), chicken consumption (OR_{sometimes or always/occasionally} = 6.33, 95% CI:3.23-12.43), family history of CRC (OR_yes/no =5.79, 95% CI: 2.72-12.31), and alcohol consumption (OR_yes/no =6.03, 95% CI: 2.14-16.98) with the odds of CRC among the study population. On the other hand, taking multivitamins (OR_yes/no=0.09, 95% CI:0.04-0.20), consumption of coffee (OR_{always/occasionally} =0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.69), taking vitamins D supplement (OR_yes/no =0.38,95% CI:0.22-0.66), and consumption of garlic (OR_{sometimes/occasionally} =0.53,95% CI: 0.30-0.95) significantly reduced the odds of CRC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We revealed potentially significant effects of several lifestyle related factors with CRC risk in Iranian population. More studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of the associated factors in developing CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}