BMC Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Under-nutrition and its associated factors among under-five children across urban and rural settings of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional comparative study.","authors":"Amare Wubishet Ayele, Emmanuel Gabreyohannes, Yegnanew A Shiferaw","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01137-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01137-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a food is medicine pilot program to improve dietary quality among rural perinatal patients.","authors":"Sophia E Allen, Taralyn Bielaski, Chelsey R Canavan","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01134-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01134-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity and other unmet social needs can contribute to adverse outcomes for mothers and newborns. Food is Medicine (FIM) approaches are promising for improving nutrition and preventing chronic disease but have not been explored fully among rural-dwelling pregnant people. Our objectives were to (1) assess the potential of FIM programs to improve perinatal dietary quality; (2) assess patient satisfaction and self-reported health status with various FIM options; and (3) identify barriers to healthy eating among rural perinatal patients experiencing food insecurity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant patients identified via a validated screener as experiencing food insecurity were referred to a community health worker (CHW), offered nutrition education, and connected to one or more FIM supports. A range of FIM programs developed through clinic-community partnerships provided tailored support to meet individual patient needs. We surveyed patients who received FIM support(s) from Dec 2023 - March 2024 regarding their satisfaction with and dietary changes related to FIM support. We collected qualitative data on challenges to healthy eating during pregnancy and opportunities for program improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In survey responses (n = 31), patients indicated high satisfaction with all FIM supports, especially more intensive options, and reported eating more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and healthy proteins. 71% indicated a small positive change in diet quality, with home-delivered nutritionally tailored meals most likely to influence a larger positive change. The most common barriers to healthy eating included food preferences or aversions, transportation challenges, poor quality of available food, and limited time to cook or eat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified strong potential for FIM interventions during pregnancy to improve diet quality and overall health. More research is needed to evaluate the effects of FIM programs on food security and dietary quality during pregnancy and to tailor the type and duration of food support.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) and cardiovascular diseases: insights from RaNCD cohort study.","authors":"Zahra Mokhtari, Shahab Rezaeian, Neda Izadi, Amir Saber, Mitra Darbandi, Hadi Abdollahzad, Yahya Pasdar","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01132-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01132-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is a key strategy in reducing the global burden of chronic diseases. Various factors play a role in the development of CVD, with diet being one of the most important. The aim of this study is to measure the association between the dietary quality index- international (DQI-I) and CVDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study (RaNCD). A total of 7,115 participants aged 35-65 years were examined, of whom 1,098 were patients and 6,017 were healthy individuals. The DQI-I was used to assess the quality of nutrition and important aspects of a high-quality diet. Logistic regression was used to compare the DQI-I total score and CVDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average score of the DQI-I was 60.53 ± 8.44 in healthy individuals and 61.87 ± 8.81 in CVD patients. The variety subgroup was 12.74 ± 4.77 in healthy individuals and 12.32 ± 4.74 in CVD patients. The adequacy subgroup was 33.34 ± 3.69 in healthy individuals and 32.97 ± 3.67 in CVD patients. The moderation and overall balance subgroup were lower in healthy individuals than in CVDs patients. Multivariable logistic regression showed that DQI-I total score increased the odds of CVD by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.22-1.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the total DQI-I score was higher in patients with CVD than in healthy individuals. However, the variety and adequacy subgroups of the DQI-I were higher in healthy individuals, suggesting an inverse association between these subgroups and the prevalence of CVD. This apparent contradiction highlights the complexity of diet quality and its impact on health.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between diet quality and anthropometric measurements among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with diabetes: a cohort-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mohsen Mohit, Reza Homayounfar, Asma Fahandezh Saadi, Najmeh Hejazi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01136-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01136-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quantity and quality of diet are directly associated with the development of obesity and diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, and triglyceride glucose index (TyG) index in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on the baseline data from Fasa cohort study. The socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data of 384 individuals with diabetes and NAFLD were extracted. Multiple linear regression was used in various models adjusted for potential confounders to determine the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 384 eligible individuals, 74.5% were women. The mean age of men was 55.74 ± 7.85 years, whereas that of women was 54.68 ± 8.54 years. After adjusting for possible confounders, including age, marital status, occupation, education status, smoking status, physical activity, and total energy intake, there was no significant association between the quartiles of HEI score and any of the anthropometric measurements, including BMI, ABSI, BAI, BRI, VAI, LAP index, and TyG index among both men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher HEI score was not associated with anthropometric indices in NAFLD patients with diabetes, according to our findings. It is recommended that further observational studies should be conducted to clarify the current findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary diversity and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in mauritania: evidence from national survey.","authors":"Hiwot Altaye Asebe, Gilbert Eshun, Betelhem Abebe Andargie","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01130-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01130-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dietary diversity is a key determinant of child nutrition and development, particularly for children aged 6-23 months. Not meeting minimum dietary diversity increases the risk of malnutrition, which remains a major public health concern in Mauritania. However, little is known about the dietary diversity status and its associated factors among young children in the country. This study aims to assess the prevalence of meeting the minimum dietary diversity and to identify factors influencing dietary diversity among children aged 6-23 months in Mauritania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019-2021 Mauritania Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 3,233 children aged 6-23 months were included in the study. Minimum dietary diversity was defined as the consumption of at least five out of eight recommended food groups within the past 24 h. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was used to identify individual- and community-level factors associated with dietary diversity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median dietary diversity score was 3 (IQR: 2), and the prevalence of children aged 6-23 months who met the minimum dietary diversity score was 19.24% (95% CI: 17-20%). Of the children, 63.57% consumed milk and milk products, while only 8.26%, 13.74%, and 16.84% consumed eggs, other fruits and vegetables, and legumes, respectively. Factors significantly associated with meeting Minimum dietary diversity included child age (AOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.47-2.47 for children aged 18-23 months), maternal education (AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04-1.88 for mothers with secondary education or higher), media access (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05-1.68), wealth status (AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.37 for the richest households), maternal employment (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03-1.69), and place of residence (AOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99 for rural areas). Larger household sizes and having three or more children under five years were negatively associated with meeting dietary diversity scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a low prevalence of children meeting the minimum dietary diversity (MDD) in Mauritania, with significant differences based on socio-economic and demographic factors. To improve dietary diversity, targeted interventions such as nutrition education, and enhanced food accessibility are needed. Addressing these factors is critical to reducing malnutrition and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to child health and nutrition in Mauritania.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting community health workers in South Africa for context-specific food and nutrition literacy: implementation of a multi-media education-entertainment intervention.","authors":"Elochukwu C Okanmelu, Machoene D Sekgala, Peter Delobelle, Olufunke Alaba, Nicole Holliday, Jillian Hill, Martina Lembani, Zandile J Mchiza","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01124-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01124-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multimedia technology, recognized for its efficacy in education, offers a complementary approach to traditional health education. In South Africa, community health workers (CHWs) play a pivotal role in improving population health, but often lack comprehensive health knowledge. This study explores the effectiveness of using a multimedia education-entertainment (MM-EE) intervention to enhance food and nutrition literacy among CHWs in resource-challenged townships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-seven participants completed a baseline and 6-month post-intervention follow-up survey. The MM-EE intervention comprised short stories conveyed via comic booklets and 30-second video clips, covering food knowledge, use of food labels, meal preparation, planning, and eating behaviour. Materials were distributed via mobile messaging services, including WhatsApp (as the primary social media platform), MMS, and SMS. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and multivariate linear regression were conducted using R studio version 4.3.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 70% of participants were classified as having obesity, and 18.2% as overweight, leading to 88.3% of participants being classified as overweight or having obesity. A significant proportion of participants (68.8%) reported having an existing non-communicable disease (NCD). The MM-EE intervention significantly improved CHWs' food and nutrition literacy, reflected in improved median scores for meal preparation (43.1% [IQR: 19.6] pre- vs. 62.7% [IQR: 11.7] post-intervention), planning (58.6% [IQR: 12.1] pre- vs. 67.2% [IQR: 13.4] post-intervention), and overall food and nutrition literacy (63.0% [IQR: 8.1] pre- vs. 69.4% [IQR: 10.9] post-intervention; p <.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed effective MM-EE intervention outcomes, positioning this method of health dissemination as suitable for improving the food and nutrition literacy of CHWs in South Africa. The study suggests the potential effectiveness of MM-EE approaches to enhance the health knowledge of the South African population. However, adaptation for the wider population will require further research on scalability, sustainability and an improved intervention design to address all dimensions of literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus mesentericus, Lactobacillus sporogenes, Saccharomyces Boulardi multistrain probiotic formulation in acute gastroenteritis: a real-world observational study (MAESTRO).","authors":"Bhavna Darshan Patel, Girish Kulkarni, Swagata Chowdhuri, Animesh Arya, Kaithayil Mammen John, Ashwini Suyog Patki Doshi, Rathish Nair, Krishnaprasad Korukonda","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01127-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01127-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastroenteritis is a leading cause of global morbidity, characterized by inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, resulting in diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) typically resolves within 14 days, but probiotics are increasingly used to restore gut microbiota balance and counteract pathogenic organisms. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of a novel multistrain probiotic formulation in managing AGE and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, real-world study included 683 patients from 239 sites across India, assessing the effects of a multistrain probiotic formulation in AGE and AAD. The study adhered to ICH-GCP guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki, with Ethics Committee approval. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on stool frequency, consistency, and Clinician's Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scores after 7 days of treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 29.0.1.0 to evaluate significant changes in these parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among AGE patients (mean age: 45.91 ± 11.77 years; 68.92% male), 56.42% had no comorbidities. The most common symptoms were diarrhea (96.70%) and abdominal cramps (37.67%). Probiotics were prescribed to 93.92% of patients, with 93.23% achieving diarrhea resolution. Stool frequency significantly declined from 5.63 ± 1.43 to 1.65 ± 0.65 per day (68.94% reduction, p < 0.0001), and 95.31% of patients achieved normal stool consistency. CGI-I scores improved in 99.83% of cases. Among AAD patients (mean age: 43.32 ± 11.64 years; 60.75% male), diarrhea (97.20%) and vomiting (30.84%) were predominant symptoms. Probiotics were prescribed to 99.07% of patients, with an equal proportion achieving diarrhea resolution. Stool frequency significantly decreased by 67.94% (p < 0.0001), and Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) use declined from 54.21% at baseline to zero by Day 7. No treatment-related adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multistrain probiotic formulation significantly improved stool frequency and consistency in AGE and AAD patients within 7 days. Additionally, it effectively reduced ORS dependence and exhibited a strong safety profile, with no reported adverse events. These findings support the probiotic's potential as a safe and effective adjunct in managing AGE and AAD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This clinical study was registered at CTRI (Clinical Trial Registry of India) under the Registered number CTRI/2024/01/061546 on 17 Jan 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Eucheria Ekugeni Abua, Antor Odu Ndep, Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Brian Enembe Edet, Edward Onun Okoi, Helen Lonn, Christiana Ogben, Gima Humphrey Forje, Theresa Mark Awa, Maurice-Joel Ugbe Ugbe","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01131-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01131-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internal displacement due to conflict or crises has led to millions, including children under five, residing in precarious internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. Malnutrition, predominantly undernutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa, is a significant concern in these contexts. This review aimed to assess the factors and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in IDP Camps in Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023460266). Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, CABI Abstracts, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched methodically. The AXIS Critical Appraisal of Cross-sectional Studies Tool was utilized to evaluate the quality and risk of bias of each included study.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>After screening full-text articles, eight studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in the review. Factors influencing nutritional status of under-five children were summarized into 11 themes: Age, Gender, Caregiver's Educational Status, Family Planning, Antenatal Care, Displacement Status, Access to Safe Water and Handwashing, Dietary Diversity, Disease History, Caregiver's Occupation, and Household Income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review examined the factors contributing to malnutrition among under-five children in IDP camps in Africa, and sheds light on neglected crises. It adds to existing knowledge in this area. The findings underscore the need for future research to explore variations in malnutrition determinants across different IDP contexts and to focus on multi-sector collaboration for effective policy implementation in addressing malnutrition in African IDP camps.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic stress inhibits weight gain and decreases beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and glucose tolerance in female BALB/c fed a high-fat ketogenic diet.","authors":"Ana L Cantú-Ruiz, Diana Caballero-Hernández, Isaias Gutierrez-Leal, Ana C Martínez-Torres, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Patricia Tamez-Guerra, Reyes Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01129-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01129-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Known for its neuroprotective properties, the ketogenic diet (KD) recently has been shown to prevent weight loss induced by chronic stress in rats, although the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The obesity-resistant BALB/c mouse is susceptible to chronic stress-induced weight loss, providing a useful model to study the interactions between diet and stress.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a ketogenic diet to prevent chronic stress-induced weight loss in the obesity-resistant BALB/c mouse strain.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>BALB/c mice of both sexes, were divided into groups: (1) standard chow, (2) KD, (3) standard chow + stress, and (4) KD + stress. The stress groups were subjected to a restraint stress protocol for 23 d, 4 h a day. Morphometric changes, glucose tolerance, plasmatic corticosterone levels, and circulating ketone bodies were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Levels of β-hydroxybutyrate increased in the KD group in both sexes. However, under stress, the increase in ketone bodies was lower in female mice. Compared with standard chow-fed groups, females on a KD gained significant body weight, an effect lost in females under stress, with decreasing fat tissue deposits. In male mice, although no changes in body weight were observed in the KD group, the mass of adipose tissue depots increased and remained unchanged under stress. Under chronic stress both standard chow and KD-fed mice lost weight. Under KD, female and male BALB/c mice exhibited decreased water and food intake, as well as reduced glucose tolerance, under resting and chronic stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is an interplay between chronic stress and ketogenic metabolism in BALB/c mice. In female mice, chronic stress interferes with ketogenesis, lowering beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and preventing weight gain whereas the KD inhibits chronic stress-induced glucose tolerance, this in a sex-dependent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gustatory thresholds and obesity: a comparative study of five main tastes.","authors":"Hamidreza Khalighi, Hamed Mortazavi, Fahimeh Anbari, Masoumeh Sadat Eftekhari, Nahid Mohammadnia, Homa Mirzaei, Sara Nashibi","doi":"10.1186/s40795-025-01125-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40795-025-01125-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is an important public health concern, which has dramatically grown in the last decades. Taste sensation determines food preferences and could contribute to obesity. Considering the conflicting results about the association of gustatory threshold and overweight/obesity status of individuals, this study designed to compare gustatory threshold of five main tastes (sweet, umami, salty, bitter, and sour) among individuals with overweight/obesity and with a normal BMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control and population-based study, 100 adults participated, divided into two equal number of normal and overweight/obese groups. To measure gustatory threshold of sweet, umami, salty, bitter, and sour tastes, solutions of sucrose, monosodium glutamate, sodium chloride, quinine hydrochloride and citric acid were prepared respectively. Three millimeters of each solution was dropped on the right side of the posterior tongue, and the same volume of distilled water was dropped on the left side. The concentration at which the participant perceived the taste was considered the gustatory threshold. The data was analyzed in SPSS software version 22 with the Mann-Whitney test and Spearmen correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed between the gustatory thresholds of the five main tastes among participants with normal BMI and with overweight/obesity. Moreover, among the numerical value of BMI and perceived concentrations of each of the tastes, no association was found (p value > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the findings obtained from this study, no significant statistical difference in gustatory threshold of five main tastes was observed among individuals with overweight/obesity and normal weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":36422,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nutrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12281801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}