The association between diet quality and anthropometric measurements among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with diabetes: a cohort-based cross-sectional study.

Background: The quantity and quality of diet are directly associated with the development of obesity and diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, and triglyceride glucose index (TyG) index in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with diabetes.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on the baseline data from Fasa cohort study. The socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data of 384 individuals with diabetes and NAFLD were extracted. Multiple linear regression was used in various models adjusted for potential confounders to determine the associations.

Results: Out of the 384 eligible individuals, 74.5% were women. The mean age of men was 55.74 ± 7.85 years, whereas that of women was 54.68 ± 8.54 years. After adjusting for possible confounders, including age, marital status, occupation, education status, smoking status, physical activity, and total energy intake, there was no significant association between the quartiles of HEI score and any of the anthropometric measurements, including BMI, ABSI, BAI, BRI, VAI, LAP index, and TyG index among both men and women.

Conclusion: Higher HEI score was not associated with anthropometric indices in NAFLD patients with diabetes, according to our findings. It is recommended that further observational studies should be conducted to clarify the current findings.