OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE最新文献

{"title":"Application of a minimum probability of error classifier with Linear Time-Varying pre-filters for buried target recognition","authors":"B. Hamschin, P. Loughlin","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664353","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we overview the theory of Linear Time-Varying (LTV) filters and investigate via simulation their application to buried target classification in challenging nonstationary environments; in particular, environments where noise is not only nonstationary but exhibits statistical properties that are not known a priori. We then propose an extension of the Minimum Probability of Error (MPE) classifier (a/k/a Minimum Distance Receiver) by pre-processing the received data through a bank of LTV filters before the calculation of each test statistic via the MPE classifier. The proposed augmented MPE classifier is shown to outperform the conventional MPE classifier via simulation.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132344562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a method for estimating the probability of detecting fish through a hydroacoustic beam","authors":"T. Steig, P. A. Nealson, Colleen M. Sullivan, John E. Ehrenberg","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664422","url":null,"abstract":"Active hydroacoustic sampling techniques are widely used to monitor fish densities and behavior in aquatic environments. Since the 1970's, this technology has been used to assess a wide range of fisheries-related questions, including upstream and downstream migrations, stock assessments, behavioral evaluations, and others. When properly applied, hydroacoustics is a powerful and effective fisheries assessment tool, providing high sampling coverage that is unobtrusive and nonselective. Like any sampling technique, an understanding of the factors potentially influencing the ability to detect organisms and quantify the sampled volumes with a hydroacoustic system enhances the ability to accurately interpret the results and derive quantitative estimates. Several factors can affect the probability of detecting fish using hydroacoustics. These include: 1) the sampling environment; 2) hydroacoustic system data collection methodology and parameters; and 3) characteristics and distribution of the fish being monitored. Interactions between these factors can influence both the ability to detect fish of a given minimum size and the effective sampling volume of the hydroacoustic system. This paper describes methods for estimating the probability of detecting a fish within a hydroacoustic beam under different conditions. Examples demonstrating the effect of each of these parameters on the ability to detect fish using hydroacoustics are presented.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128008556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-sonar target detection using multi-channel coherence analysis","authors":"N. Klausner, M. Azimi-Sadjadi, J. D. Tucker","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663881","url":null,"abstract":"The use of multiple disparate platforms in many remote sensing and surveillance applications allows one to exploit the coherent information shared among all sensory systems thereby potentially reducing the risk of making single-sensory biased detection and classification decisions. This paper introduces a target detection method based upon multi-channel coherence analysis (MCA) framework which optimally decomposes the multi-channel data to analyze their linear dependence or coherence. This decomposition then allows one to extract MCA features that can be used to implement a coherence-based detector. This detector is applied to a data set of underwater side-scan sonar imagery provided by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division. This database contains data from 2 disparate sonar systems, namely one high frequency (HF) sonar and one broadband (BB) sonar coregistered over the same region on the sea floor. Test results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-platform detection system in terms of probability of detection, false alarm rate, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121292601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the augmented sound localization ability of humans in the underwater environment","authors":"T. Koay, S. K. Yeo, G. Tan, S. Tan, P. Seekings, M. Chitre","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664311","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are poor, if not incapable, at localizing sound underwater due to significant reduction in Inter-aural Temporal Differences (ITD) and Inter-aural Intensity Differences (IID) caused by reduced impedance mismatch and the higher sound speed in water. An improvement in sound localization underwater will significantly enhance divers safety, the way divers perceive and appreciate the underwater environments. A system that augments and enhances the sound localization ability of humans underwater was built for this purpose. The system extracts directional cues from high frequency acoustic component of the received signal and reintroduce the cues in audio band to the diver that wears the system. The novelty of this approach is that it does not need any explicit information on the signals in advance to localize them. The system passes almost the entire signal band to its user with minimum relative distortion except the directional cue ti re-introduced. It is then up to the user to perceive, detect, and localize the sound. In this paper, we present the setup and results from an experiment that measures the localization performance of divers using the system. The experiment setup consists of a source transmitter that was randomly positioned in a contiguous, one-meter radius, semi-circular frame, and a blindfolded subject that attempts to localize the acoustic source. Both the headings of the transmitter and subject were digitally recorded and compared to gauge the localization performance. Experiments have been carried out across different signal to noise ratio and across different frequencies above 20kHz. The result from the experiment shows that a diver using the system was able to localize a source to within ±15 degrees nearly 75% of the time. It is also observed that SNR does not significantly affect the localization performance within the range of SNR that we were testing. The subjects were able to localize acoustic source in a noisy marina environment with the system. The localization performance of the subjects seemed to improve as the subjects gained experience using the system over a few experiment sets. This suggests that the human brain adapts its perception ability and learns to use the new directional cues rather quickly.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128536835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical communication system expands CORK seafloor observatory's bandwidth","authors":"N. Farr, J. Ware, C. Pontbriand, T. Hammar, M. Tivey","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663951","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of deploying scientific sensors in the deep sea is reliable underwater communication. We have developed an optical communication system that complements and integrates with an acoustic system to provide underwater communications that is capable of high data-rates and low latency in clear water combined with long range and robustness in the presence of high turbidity. This combined optical/acoustic telemetry technology was recently tested at a CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) borehole observatory in the deep ocean of northeast Pacific. A CORK is a seafloor system to seal a borehole from the overlying ocean to allow the subseafloor hydrologic regime within the sediments and volcanic basement to retain its pre-drilling pressure state. CORKs are instrumented with downhole thermistor strings and pressure sensors and are typically visited on a semi-regular basis by submersible for downloading data and for collecting physical samples of subsurface fluids. We deployed the Optical Telemetry System (OTS) at the Hole 857D CORK in 2420 m water depth using the submersible ALVIN in July, 2010. The OTS was plugged into the existing underwater connector on the CORK to provide not only an optical and acoustic communication interface but also additional data storage and battery power for the CORK to sample at an increased 1 Hz data-rate. Using a CTD-mounted OTS similar to the seafloor unit we were able to establish an optical communication link at a range of 100 meters at rates of 1, 5 and 10 mega bits per second (Mbps) with no bit errors. Subsequent tests were done to establish the optical range of the various data rates and the optical power of the system. After approximately 1 week we repeated the CTD-OTS experiment and downloaded 20 Mb of data over a 5 Mbps link at a range of 80 m. The CORK-OTS will remain installed at the CORK for a year. Our Optical Telemetry System (OTS) enables faster data rates to be employed for in situ measurements that were previously limited by data download times from a submersible. The OTS also permits non submersible-equipped vessels to interrogate the CORK borehole observatory on a more frequent basis using a receiver lowered by wire from a ship of opportunity. In the future, autonomous vehicles could interrogate such seafloor observatories in a \"data-mule\" configuration and then dock at a seafloor cabled node to download data. While borehole observatories may ultimately be linked into undersea cables relaying real-time data back to shore they represent a superb opportunity to test free water optical communication methods. This application of seafloor optical communication could be used for a number of other types of seafloor sensors that may not be linked into a cabled network. The lessons learned from our CORK development efforts will go a long way towards establishing the viability of underwater optical communications for a host of autonomous seafloor sensor systems in the future.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128757080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental results on MMSE turbo equalization in underwater acoustic communication using high order modulation","authors":"C. Laot, N. Beuzelin, A. Bourre","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664486","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some results on MMSE turbo equalization applied to real sea water trials in the Atlantic ocean. High order modulations (8-PSK, 16-QAM and 32-QAM) have been tested. The channel data rate on the underwater acoustic channel is up to 20 kbps. The receiver includes timing recovery, equalization, interleaving and channel coding. The results which are evaluated in term of bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) show that turbo equalization improves the performance of the receiver and allows reliable high order transmissions when the signal to noise ratio is sufficient.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"288 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129243476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceiving tomorrow's marine shipping spill risk","authors":"R. Morton","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663938","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in ship design and construction mark advancement in the maritime industry. Also, continuous developments in regulatory efforts identify the need to manage and ensure the advancement in design parameters is a step forward - toward a future which remembers marine shipping's disastrous, historical events. The goal of this paper is to outline a method of quantifying marine shipping spill risk based on historical data, as well as, exploring the driving forces of marine shipping spill risk of the future.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"456 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115912170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What can HF radar contribute to the salvage of a grounded ship?","authors":"M. Heron, A. Mantovanelli, C. Steinberg, B. King","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5663791","url":null,"abstract":"The area around the grounding site of the Shen Neng 1 in Great Barrier Reef waters 0n 3 April 2010 was monitored by an HF radar and several Acoustic Doppler Profilers. The HF radar is shown to compare well with the Profilers at the mooring sites. The radar data was used to produce a time series of surface currents at the site during the grounding and throughout the subsequent salvage and clean-up. The spatial and temporal surface current maps are ideally suited for Lagrangian tracking of notional zero buoyancy water parcels starting from the grounding site. Lagrangian `parcels' were released at two-hour intervals after the grounding in order to identify locations of flotsam or spills. Releases at two-hour intervals through a tidal cycle followed similar tracks until, on the fifth day, a significant change in the meso-scale meteorology and oceanography occurred. It is shown that the meso-scale change had a stronger control on the destination of `parcels' than tides. HF radar has much to offer in nudging real-time hydrodynamic models used for predictions of currents during a maritime incident like this.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116861670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental studies on drift characteristics of heavy oil and drift objects in laboratory tank and coastal area","authors":"Y. Matsuzaki, I. Fujita, M. Yoshie","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664341","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, drift experiments were carried out using thin drifting mat in the real sea and the validity of real-time data was examined. In the real sea, it is difficult to conduct drift experiments using real oil. Before the experiment, drift experiment had been done in the laboratory tank and a better drifting object was selected for the real sea experiment. By comparing heavy oil and the thin rubber mat, we found drift speed of oil slick and the rubber mat are similar, the thin rubber was used for drift experiments in the real sea.","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117135677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEPTUNE Canada: Data integrity from the seafloor to your (Virtual) Door","authors":"R. Jenkyns","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2010.5664290","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2009, the NEPTUNE Canada ocean observatory successfully launched to the public, allowing anyone with an Internet connection access to observatory data. This event also officially marked a transition from infrastructure development to a fully operational observatory. Given that this occurred only a few months after the instrument platforms were deployed at four nodes, this transition was a considerable achievement. Notably, this quick turnaround presented a significant change for principal investigators who normally have much more time, often years, to conduct their science before releasing data to the public. In this paper, commissioning processes, operational challenges, and future plans are described as they relate to observatory data integrity. The data commissioning phase, beginning even before an instrument enters the water, is a team effort that requires NEPTUNE Canada staff, the principal investigator (PI) and sometimes the manufacturer. For each instrument, there are three qualification stages. First and foremost, the systems team checks that instruments can be powered and perform within acceptable limits (e.g., no ground faults). Most instruments pass these requirements. The next level involves a daily review by NEPTUNE Canada staff of data from each instrument. The main objectives are to ensure raw data meets manufacturer specifications, sensor values are appropriately parsed and calibrated, and basic metadata are appropriately recorded in the database. Most issues at this stage can be relatively easily fixed. The third level focuses on the quality of the data itself. Pis are provided both raw data and derived data products since they are expected to be involved in the verification process. Various routines and visualizations plots are used to ensure values make sense. Anomalies and data gaps are noted and investigated. Instrument configurations may require numerous iterations to conquer challenges like interference between acoustic instruments and to better meet scientific objectives. Online tools (e.g., a screen to view and change configuration parameters) and specialized software (e.g., for interaction between instruments) have been created to support these adjustments. Data products are also being continually developed as a response to PI feedback and requests. As a result of this continual examination of the data, about 30 instruments have successfully passed commissioning phase. These instruments include Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, Bottom Pressure Recorders, CTDs, fluorometers, a gravimeter, video cameras, hydrophones, methane and oxygen sensors. Post-launch, in addition to ongoing instrument commissioning and system maintenance, there were new operational challenges. The first challenge has been meeting the demands for data access. As of May 28, 2010, there have been over 20,000 data requests (1463 within the first two days) from over 1000 registered users via the Data Search tool in Oceans 2.0 (an online coll","PeriodicalId":363534,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115659324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}