International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Friction loss for newtonian and power – Law fluids in expanding and contracting duct flows using the lattice boltzmann method","authors":"José Luis Velázquez Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the hydrodynamic behavior of Newtonian and power-law non-Newtonian fluids in a channel with a contraction–expansion–contraction configuration, using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Unlike previous research focused on isolated discontinuities, this work introduces a more realistic geometry to capture complex transient phenomena such as vortex formation, flow separation, and shear stress redistribution. Numerical simulations were conducted on a two-dimensional domain and validated against the analytical Poiseuille solution, showing relative errors below 2 %. The analysis was divided into three zones: entrance (A), expansion (B), and contraction (C). In Zone A, the product fRe converged toward the theoretical value of 64, confirming fully developed laminar flow. The head loss coefficient K exhibited a decreasing trend with the generalized Reynolds number, depending on the flow behavior index n. A two-K model was fitted to the data with excellent agreement (relative error below 0.001 %), and the parameters were generalized as functions of n, allowing predictions for fluids beyond those explicitly simulated. In Zone B, the sudden expansion induced complex flow reorganizations, with vortex formation and local recirculation. Although no predictive model was established for this region due to nonlinear and transient effects, the behavior was interpreted using rheological principles. Unlike conventional approaches that artificially fix the Reynolds number, this study applies a constant body force (F) —physically equivalent to a pressure gradient— allowing the generalized Reynolds number (Re_g) to emerge naturally from fluid rheology (n, k) and flow geometry. This approach demonstrates how rheology modulates flow reorganization under realistic driving conditions, offering a more faithful representation of flow-rheology interactions in CEC configurations. Overall, the results provide a predictive framework for energy loss assessment in systems combining abrupt geometric discontinuities (sudden expansions/contractions) with complex rheological behavior (from pseudoplastic to dilatant fluids), with direct applications in biomedical devices, food processing, and non-Newtonian fluid transport systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of kerosene-based nanofluid in the core region of curved pipe surrounded by a peripheral region containing water-based nanofluid","authors":"H. Shahzad,&nbsp;Z. Abbas,&nbsp;M.Y. Rafiq","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of two immiscible nanofluids (kerosene-<em>ZnO</em> and water-<em>Cu</em>) flowing through a heated curved pipe under a constant axial pressure gradient, with applications in biomedical devices and industrial heat exchangers where curved geometries and multi-fluid systems are prevalent. The research addresses a critical gap in understanding how curvature-induced secondary flows and nanoparticle properties influence thermal performance in such configurations. By employing a perturbation method and non-dimensional analysis, we derived analytical solutions to the modified Navier-Stokes equations to examine the velocity and temperature distributions. Our analysis systematically varied key parameters, including curvature ratio, Reynolds number, and nanoparticle concentration to quantify their effects. The results demonstrate that increasing the curvature ratio to 0.1 enhances axial velocity near the outer wall by 15–25 % due to centrifugal forces, while higher Reynolds numbers above 50 intensify secondary flow vortices by 20 %, significantly improving fluid mixing. Notably, incorporating nanoparticles at 4 % concentration boosts heat transfer performance by 30–35 % compared to base fluids, attributed to enhanced thermal conductivity. Additionally, the temperature distribution shows a 15–20 % reduction near the walls relative to the core region, indicating efficient thermal gradient establishment. This work provides novel contributions as the first analytical solution for immiscible nanofluids in curved pipes and quantifies the previously unexplored synergistic effects of curvature and nanoparticles. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the design of compact heat exchangers and bioengineered systems, advancing beyond conventional single-fluid approaches in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of impinging jet ventilation for indoor environment control","authors":"Arman Ameen ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ,&nbsp;Abdallah Bouabidi ,&nbsp;Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ,&nbsp;Atef Chibani ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kezzar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impinging Jet Ventilation (IJV) has emerged as a promising strategy for indoor environmental control, offering an alternative to conventional such as Mixing Ventilation (MV) systems. This review critically examines the performance of IJV in terms of thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), energy efficiency, and design flexibility, with a broader focus on the system implementation and a particular focus on office environments under moderate heating and cooling loads. The focus of the review is to compare the IJV system with the MV system. In comparison to MV, IJV delivers conditioned air to the occupied zone more effectively by providing stratified, low-mixing airflow and requiring a lower airflow rate to maintain acceptable thermal comfort conditions. This results in improved thermal comfort, reduced energy usage, and enhanced pollutant removal. The system also facilitates thermal stratification and supports higher supply air temperature differentials, allowing for increased energy savings without compromising comfort. The review explores key performance metrics such as Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), draught rate, and ventilation effectiveness, highlighting the conditions under which IJV outperforms MV. Additionally, challenges such as sensitivity to diffuser configuration, nozzle placement, and return vent positioning are addressed. The paper also evaluates recent advancements, including the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, machine learning, and hybrid systems combining IJV with passive or personalized ventilation. Despite its advantages, IJV remains underutilized due to design complexity and lack of standardizations. To enable broader adoption, future research should focus on simplified modelling tools, performance-based design standards, and scalable applications for various building types. Overall, IJV represents a viable, energy-efficient solution for modern ventilation design, particularly in environments requiring high indoor air quality and localized comfort control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CuO nanoparticles and oil concentration on the thermodynamic properties of R600a during forced boiling convection","authors":"Fernando Toapanta-Ramos ,&nbsp;César Nieto-Londoño","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and Polyalphaolefin (PAO) lubricating oil on the thermophysical transport parameters of R600a (isobutane) and its flow boiling heat transfer coefficient are evaluated in this work using semi-empirical correlations. Commonly occurring refrigerant–oil mixes in vapor compression refrigeration cycles result from lubrication needs in system components, affecting both transport qualities and heat transfer performance. Considering the effect produced by the heat flows, 10 kW/m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, 15 kW/m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and 20 kW/m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, to which the fluids are being subjected. This work investigates refrigerant combinations with a maximum nanoparticle–oil ratio of 5% resulting in three formulations: R600a/CuO, R600a/PAO, and R600a/CuO/PAO as modest nanoparticle concentrations can improve these qualities. Key thermal transport parameters, including density, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and specific heat, show improvement by CuO nanoparticles with oil. Still, the R600a/CuO/PAO mixture shows hardly any variation from pure R600a. The Gungor and Winterton correlation assessed the forced flow boiling heat transfer coefficient. The results reveal that whilst PAO oil reduces the coefficient at 5%, the coefficient rises with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles in the refrigerant. The heat transfer coefficient decreases slightly when both CuO and PAO are present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a solar flat plate collector's performance using wavy riser tubes and coil inserts","authors":"Lakshmikant Shivanayak ,&nbsp;Gowreesh Subramanya S ,&nbsp;J S Srikantamurthy ,&nbsp;R Thirumaleswara Naik ,&nbsp;C.Durga Prasad ,&nbsp;Nimona Hailu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar water heater systems are essential for harnessing renewable solar energy to produce domestic hot water, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional heating methods. Flat plate collectors (FPCs), commonly used in solar water heater systems, heavily rely on the effectiveness of the absorber surface to maximize solar energy absorption while minimizing thermal losses. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of flat plate solar collectors. The performance parameters, including Nusselt number and collector efficiency, were examined at different mass flow rates of the working fluid. The assessment of flat plate solar collectors (FPSCs) was performed experimentally and through CFD analysis, utilizing wavy-shaped riser tubes with coil inserts. The experiments involved riser tubes with coil inserts of 10, 20, and 30 mm pitches, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 5500 to 14,500. Compared to plain tubes, the increase in Nusselt number with a 30 mm pitch is 15.38% and 34.48 % at Reynolds numbers of 5500 and 14,500, respectively. For a 10 mm pitch, the Nusselt number increases by 41.02 % and 49.4 % at the same Reynolds numbers. The collector’s efficiency reaches 84 % for a 10 mm pitch at a Reynolds number of 14,500, compared to a plain tube.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the performance of stefan blowing and nanomaterial’s for ternary hybrid nanofluid with gyrotactic microbes and convective boundary conditions","authors":"Munawar Abbas ,&nbsp;Mostafa Mohamed Okasha ,&nbsp;Ali Akgül ,&nbsp;Ansar Abbas ,&nbsp;Dilsora Abduvalieva ,&nbsp;Qasem Al-Mdallal ,&nbsp;Hakim AL Garalleh ,&nbsp;Zuhair Jastaneyah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of Stefan blowing on the Marangoni convective flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid on a rotating disk with gyrotactic microbes and a non-uniform heat source are examined in this work using numerical modelling. Examined are the mass and heat phenomena in relation to Stefan blowing impacts. We modify the energy equations and momentum to adjust for the effects of Darcy-Forchheimer flow. The ternary hybrid nanofluid having aluminum oxide (<span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> titanium dioxide<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, and Cobalt iron oxide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mtext>COF</mtext><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>based fluid water and nanoparticles is used. It is especially helpful for cooling technologies, bio-microsystems, and biomedical equipment where improved heat transfer and microbial control are essential. The ternary hybrid nanofluid guarantees better thermal conductivity, while the incorporation of gyrotactic microorganisms facilitates bioconvection, enhancing fluid mixing and stability. The model is also applicable to industrial operations that require precise control across heat and mass transmission, such as coating, drying, and material synthesis. The subsequent equations are mathematically resolved using the Bvp4c. It has also been found that increasing the Stefan blowing parameter outcomes in a reduce in the thermal profile and heat transmission rate while increasing the skin friction and velocity profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pool boiling heat transfer evaluation of next-generation dielectric fluid: Opteon™ 2P50","authors":"Cheng-Min Yang ,&nbsp;M. Muneeshwaran ,&nbsp;Yifeng Hu ,&nbsp;Gustavo Pottker ,&nbsp;Samuel F. Yana Motta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing use of artificial intelligence has led to heavy thermal loads and high heat dissipation rates in data centers. Conventional air-cooled technologies are not able to fulfill these requirements. To overcome these challenges, two-phase immersion cooling (2PIC) has emerged as one of the leading technologies for high power-density chips. 2PIC increases the heat dissipation rate and efficiency of the system while reducing the footprint of the cooling equipment. A fluid with adequate dielectric properties, a suitable normal boiling temperature to maintain chip temperatures, and good material compatibility, is desired for 2PIC system. In this study, the pool boiling heat transfer of a new developmental dielectric fluid, Opteon™ 2P50, was experimentally investigated. The heat transfer coefficients at various heat fluxes (20–150 kW/m²) and the critical heat flux were measured using a smooth aluminum surface. Compared with HFE-7100, Opteon™ 2P50 shows higher heat transfer coefficient (up to 59% higher) and a slightly lower value of critical heat flux (around 5.9% lower). The modified Cooper correlation with the optimized leading constant resulted in reliable prediction accuracy with a 5.3% mean absolute error percentage. Overall, these results indicate that the new dielectric fluid provides similar thermal performance to some legacy fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of convective heat transfer from non perforated and perforated rectangular and pin fins for effective cooling of electric motors: A numerical approach","authors":"M.B. Bhambere ,&nbsp;S.S. Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Jayant Giri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Kanan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a novel approach for enhancing heat transfer of electric motors by utilizing perforated fins through experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique to address the challenge of thermal management of electric motors through more heat dissipation. Electric motors (EM) are essential components of several industries; its longevity, dependability, and efficiency are all greatly impacted by its heat management. Earlier research on convective heat transfer from electric motors relied on traditional solid fins. Perforations improve convective surface area and fluid flow turbulence, which allows for greater heat dissipation. This article also presents a comparative numerical investigation of convective heat transfer from perforated and non-perforated rectangular and pin fins. The numerical simulations are performed using 3D CFD using ANSYS Fluent with K-omega turbulence model. Our results demonstrates perforated fins exhibit superior heat transfer performance compare to non-perforated fins, with an average percentage difference 95 % and 10 % for rectangular and pin fins, respectively. The centrally placed 10 mm diameter, 11 numbers perforations on the rectangular fins, provided highest rate of heat transfer, which was 54 Watt, whereas non-perforated fins dissipates only 19 Watt. Pin fins having three perforations provided 10.52 % increase in rate of heat transfer as compared to non-perforated pin fins. Comparing the results of three perforation pin fins and a 10 mm diameter perforated rectangular fin, it was found that the perforated pin fin reduces the volumetric mass by 31.1 % while the rectangular fins provide 28.5 % more heat transfer rate with 45 % more volumetric mass. This work concluded that, a rectangular perforated fin with a maximum perforation diameter provides a significantly high heat transfer rate when compared to all other combinations. In contrast, while concentrating on weight and cost reduction with small sacrifices of the rate of heat transfer, a perforated pin fin with three perforations can be considered for better thermal management of electric motors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of experimental and modelling of bifacial PV panel: a step towards digital twin","authors":"Said Halwani ,&nbsp;Abdul-Kadir Hamid ,&nbsp;Fahad Faraz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mousa Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of bifacial solar PV panels and digital twin technology represents a robust advancement in solar energy. Bifacial PV panels offer enhanced efficiency and durability, making them an attractive option for maximizing energy production and reducing costs. When combined with the capabilities of a digital twin, PV systems can be optimized for performance, maintenance, and economic return, ensuring the delivery of the maximum possible benefit over their operational lifetime. In this study, a bifacial PV panel was installed, data was collected, and different models were created. This paper aims to make a virtual system that mimics the bifacial PV panel to forecast the power production for the panel, which helps in designing large bifacial PV power plants. The results revealed that the analytical model shows good agreements with voltage variations, accuracy reaching 96.79 % in the period of January and February, the PVsyst model best mimics the current variation during May and June, and Simulink emulates the power generation by the bifacial PV panels with 92.3 % accuracy in July and August. This paper gives a step into digital twin technology. The digital twin allows for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, enabling operators to enhance system performance, reduce downtime, predict faults in the system, and save on the cost of real testing. As the solar energy industry continues to evolve, integrating these advanced technologies will be essential for driving further efficiency, reliability, and sustainability improvements, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of a clean and resilient energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphase CFD modeling of alumina nanoparticle drug delivery in bifurcated coronary arteries with stenosis, aneurysm, and bypass conditions","authors":"S. Subah ,&nbsp;M. M. Billah ,&nbsp;M. N. Uddin ,&nbsp;K. E. Hoque","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel computational framework for enhancing nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery in coronary artery disease (CAD), focusing on the complex hemodynamics in bifurcated arteries with stenosis, aneurysms and bypass grafting. The novelty lies in integrating alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles into transient multiphase CFD simulations using ANSYS Fluent, incorporating advanced User-Defined Functions (UDFs) to replicate realistic pulsatile blood flow. Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity models are applied to more accurately represent blood rheology. Three-dimensional models of the left main coronary artery (LMCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD), and left circumflex artery (LCx) are developed using SOLIDWORKS. Twelve simulation cases are analyzed, including healthy arteries, diseased arteries (with stenosis and aneurysms), and arteries treated with bypass grafting, each tested with and without nanoparticles. Key hemodynamic parameters velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress (WSS) are compared across all cases. The results show that non-Newtonian modeling in the stenosed and aneurysmal artery (Case 7) yields the highest velocity and WSS, with a 7.96 % rise in velocity and a 220.98 % increase in WSS at systole compared to healthy and treated arteries. At diastole, velocity and WSS remain elevated by 2.64 % and 82.50 %, respectively. Nanoparticles raise arterial pressure by 12–20 %, but reduce aneurysmal pressure by 18 % post-bypass, suggesting improved hemodynamic stability. This integrated approach offers new insights into vascular biomechanics and supports the development of patient-specific, nanoparticle-based therapies. Contour visualizations highlight critical flow regions for drug targeting and surgical planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 101367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}