International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"A mathematical model for the determination of the parameters of a gas in an open thermodynamic system in contact with the environment","authors":"Serhii M. Ponomarenko ,&nbsp;Oleksandr V. Zhevzhyk ,&nbsp;Iryna Yu Potapchuk ,&nbsp;Liudmyla B. Kabakova ,&nbsp;Dmytro O. Yelatontsev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaks in gaseous storage and supply systems impose security and economic threats that are influenced by the heat exchange. A methodology is proposed to assess thermodynamic changes in a leaky system utilizing a mathematical model for the \"pipe-hole\" scenario based on the Poiseuille equation for laminar gas leakage with a capillary diameter below 0.1 m. Differential equations are derived to analyze the time-dependent thermodynamic variations of compressed air in the “pipe-hole” system via the energy balance equation. A mathematical model was developed for general case studies of open thermodynamic variable-mass gas systems. The FORTRAN software tool was used to solve the system of differential equations using the Runge-Kutta method, with four orders of accuracy. A specific examination was conducted on a thermodynamic system that lacks a constant gas supply and stationary convective heat exchange in a single-layer gas container with the environment. The ranges of the control parameter variation were considered as follows: air pressure <em>p</em>₀ from 150 kPa to 300 kPa and temperature <em>T</em>_a from 15 °C to 25 °C. This study reveals how the density, pressure, and temperature of compressed air vary over time owing to leakage and heat fluxes. It was determined that as initial air pressure decreases from <em>р</em>₀ = 150 kPa, the impact of heat flow rates markedly surpasses that of air leakage rates. A potential application of this research could be the software for monitoring devices for high-pressure systems designed for the storage and distribution of gaseous energy carriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal analysis of MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow across a Riga parallel plates with CattaneoChristov heat flux: A deep learning approach","authors":"R P Ashrith ,&nbsp;K V Nagaraja ,&nbsp;N Neelima ,&nbsp;Koushik V. Prasad ,&nbsp;Ankur Kulshreshta ,&nbsp;O.D. Makinde","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the time-dependent heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) non-Newtonian nanofluid flow between Riga parallel plates. In order to get precise predictions of transient heat conduction and to enhance the stability of nanofluids, the CattaneoChristov heat flux model and thermophoretic particle deposition are incorporated. Partial differential equations governing the system are transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved via the 4th-5th order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method, complemented by a deep learning-based analysis of engineering factors under various inputs. A comprehensive analysis of velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number under various parameters is conducted. Results reveal that the squeezing constraint reduces thermal and mass profiles, while the modified Hartmann number improves fluid behavior near the lower plate but diminishes it at the upper plate. Heat source/sink parameters enhance thermal profiles, while thermal relaxation and thermophoretic constraints reduce them. The rate of heat transfer enhances approximately about 32 % from viscous to nanofluids. The findings highlight the model's accuracy in predicting temperature and concentration profiles, offering valuable insights for advancing heat transfer efficiency in solar energy systems, with broad implications for thermal engineering and nanotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theoretical investigation into the effects of slip velocity and piezo viscous behaviour on couple stress fluids along circular plates","authors":"N Mallesh ,&nbsp;K R Vasanth ,&nbsp;B N Hanumagowda ,&nbsp;Sunita Priya D'Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines the effect of piezo viscous dependency on the slip velocity between circular plates and the lubrication behaviour of couple stress squeeze films. The revised Reynolds equation is developed while maintaining the foundation of Christensen's stochastic theory. We derive the non-dimensional pressure distribution, load carrying capacity, and squeeze film time by solving the Reynolds equation. Using Origin Software and the Mathematica tool to demonstrate numerical analysis using the Simpsons 1/3rd rule. how the Harmann number, coupling stress parameter, slip velocity, permeability parameter, and squeeze film duration affect the pressure profile, load carrying capacity, and squeeze film time. The conventional perturbation technique is used to answer the problems of pressure within the fluid film, the duration of the squeeze film, and the capacity for load support. As the variation of viscosity increases in circular plates, the load gradually increases over time. Additionally, as time progresses, the slip velocity and its variation also increase. This trend can be observed in Table 1, The findings, which are shown graphically for a few chosen physical characteristics, show that a bearing's squeeze action is diminished, while the pressure, ability to carry loads, and duration of approach are all negatively impacted by increased permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD convective thermal performance in a nanofluid-filled wavy enclosure: An artificial neural network model","authors":"Md. Shamim Hasan ,&nbsp;Md. Nur Alam ,&nbsp;M.M.A. Sarker","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study intends to observe the effects of natural convection on fluid flow and thermal performance in an undulating enclosure subjected to a nanofluid, addressing the critical need for enhanced heat transfer mechanisms in engineering applications. This study might optimize thermal management systems, especially in heat-dissipating sectors. The Galerkin type's numerical scheme finite element technique has resolved the non-dimensional governing non-linear equations. The neural network approach is applied to investigate steady two-dimensional free convection flows inside a wavy enclosure. The model's performance is assessed using statistical metrics, the determination coefficient (R²), and mean squared error (MSE). The simulation results will be shown graphically as streamlines, isotherms, undulation effectiveness, and mean Nusselt numbers. The effect of substantial parameters such as the Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ <em>Ra</em> ≤ 10⁶10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶), Hartmann number (0 ≤ <em>Ha</em> ≤ 100), undulation number (0 ≤ λ ≤ 3) and the nanoparticle volume fraction (0.02 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05)on heat transmission and fluid flow will be examined at constant Prandtl number 6.83. The results reveal that increasing the Rayleigh number enhances heat transfer rates significantly, with the mean Nusselt number showing an increase of up to 35 % as Ra rises from 10³ to 10⁶. Additionally, the study finds that higher nanoparticle volume fractions lead to improved thermal performance, with a notable increase in heat transfer efficiency. Conversely, the Hartmann number's increase reduces heat transfer rates, highlighting the complex interplay between these parameters. This research indicates a correlation between the actual and predicted Nusselt values, indicating the accuracy and solidity of the model under various circumstances. This innovative <em>Fe</em>₃<em>O</em>₄nanoparticles and MHD study of undulating geometries provide vital insights for improving thermal systems in complicated schemes. The results of the current investigation and the previously published work show an excellent level of consistency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of roof angle and geographic location on the thermal performance of buildings","authors":"Ali Habeeb Askar ,&nbsp;Issa Omle ,&nbsp;Endre Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of roof inclination on heat loss and gain within interior spaces, emphasizes its importance for enhancing building energy efficiency. By employing a systematic methodology to evaluate performance under varying conditions. The optimization of thermal performance is crucial for reducing energy consumption and improving comfort in buildings. The investigation begins by altering the roof angle in multiple configurations, focusing specifically on the southern orientation during winter to maximize daytime heat gain and the northern orientation during summer to minimize heat gain. This analysis is conducted for two distinct geographical locations: Miskolc, Hungary (moderate climate), and Baghdad, Iraq (hot climate). The study is conducted using the Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) to calculate thermal loads, as approved by a carrier company. The results are subsequently verified. The second part of the work contains simulation using ANSYS and comparison to the HAP results. After identifying the optimal roof angles for each location, simulations were performed to analyze the thermal behavior of the most effective models. The results indicate that the heat gain entering the building through the ceiling from the optimum roof is 29.393 W/m², while the heat loss is 24.43 W/m². To further enhance thermal performance, Trombe roofs were implemented. Adjustments to the Trombe roof design, with a height of 0.25 m and width 0.05 m of the channel positioned at 90° parallel to the effective roof surface. These modifications resulted in a 45.78 % reduction in heat gain through the ceiling during summer and a 10.8 % reduction in heat loss during winter.</div><div>Additionally, the application of glass wool insulation was analyzed. By insulating the northern side in winter and the southern side in summer, heat loss through the ceiling decreased by 14.4 %, while heat gain was reduced by 19.85 %. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of optimized roof inclination and supplementary thermal strategies in improving energy efficiency across diverse climatic conditions. The novelty of this work lies in its thorough approach to judging optimal roof angles and complementary strategies, providing insights and results that go beyond previous efforts in literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of far-UVC: Assessing irradiance and dose-response for microbial inactivation in UV systems","authors":"Sudhanshu Pandey,&nbsp;Aku Karvinen,&nbsp;Jani Hakala","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of Far-UVC irradiation in inactivating microbes within a cylindrical chamber is investigated in this study. Utilizing a Far-UVC excimer lamp, the research delves into the impact of various parameters on microbial inactivation. These parameters include diffuse irradiance (UV lamp efficiency), UV transmittance (UVT), and Reynolds number. An user-defined function calculates UV dosages received by microbes traversing the system. Results are quantified in terms of the distribution of UV irradiance within the chamber and reduction equivalent dose (RED). Dose-response and Frequency-dose curves are generated for diverse scenarios. The target microorganism, MS2 bacteriophage, underscores the investigation, with particular attention paid to the effect of UVT and UV lamp efficiency on effluent log inactivation. Nine cases are investigated, considering a variety of these parameters, and the results highlighted certain trends. Some cases exhibited narrow and low-dose distributions, pointing to scenarios where UV treatment might be insufficient, while others demonstrated a correlation between higher UV doses and increased log inactivation rates, suggesting more efficient microbial elimination. Notably, cases with higher UV doses also showed a leveling-off effect, implying that after a certain threshold, the microbial population's vulnerability to UV diminishes, or that the majority of microbes susceptible to easy inactivation have already been addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and possible control of droplet-mediated spread of respiratory viruses by the study of the environmental conditions in closed rooms","authors":"C. Pirola ,&nbsp;F. Manenti ,&nbsp;F. Maestri ,&nbsp;G. Silvestri ,&nbsp;S. Copelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A clear seasonality has been demonstrated for many respiratory viruses whose transmission relies on droplets released from humans. As a general trend, it was observed that the number of people ill with respiratory viruses is significantly higher in the cold and humid seasons. This phenomenon can certainly be explained by the greater time spent in closed indoor environments, but it also depends on the greater efficiency that the saliva droplets, as virus carriers, demonstrate in these weather conditions.</div><div>Basing on the observation that the droplet lifetime depends on many parameters as external temperature (T_air), relative humidity (RH) and air speed, and considering the size distribution of the same droplet, it was modelled the effect of these parameters on the diffusion of respiratory droplets. A lagrangian model of droplet evaporation/settling was used to assess the lifespan of respiratory droplets as a function of T_air, RH and air velocity. In the presence of low T_air and high RH (independently on the air velocity considered), both the distance covered by the droplets and the percentage of viruses were significantly higher than in the presence of medium-high T_air and medium-low RH. These data suggest that it should be possible to modulate these environmental parameters to minimize the spread of virus even in indoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of Y-shaped bifurcation flow channel heat sinks","authors":"Kittipong Sakamatapan,&nbsp;Somchai Wongwises","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary objective of this study is to conduct an empirical investigation into the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of heat sinks featuring Y-shaped bifurcation flow channels. Two 80-mm diameter dish-shaped heat sinks are fabricated by implementing constructal and fractal-like branching flow network designs. The ratio of the hydraulic diameter for the rectangular flow channel in the Y-shaped bifurcation can be expressed as D_h,i+1/D_h,i = 2^−1/3. The experiments utilize inlet water temperatures ranging from 20 to 35 °C, water flow rates between 0.013 and 0.033 kg/s, and input power levels between 0 and 500 W. The results show a nearly uniform surface temperature distribution with a maximum variation of ±1 °C. Increasing flow rates reduce thermal resistance by up to 18 % while increasing pumping power by approximately 12 %. At an inlet temperature of 20 °C, thermal resistance decreases by 15 % compared to 35 °C. A comparative analysis of the two designs reveals that the constructal heat sink requires 10 % less pumping power but exhibits 2.63 % higher thermal resistance than the fractal-like design. This suggests that heat sink designs should be based on application requirements to balance energy consumption and thermal dissipation efficiency for optimal performance. Our research also presents a comparison of Y-shaped bifurcation designs, supporting findings from simulation studies. The results confirm the consistency between experimental and numerical data, reinforcing the effectiveness of Y-shaped bifurcation structures in balancing thermal management and operational efficiency for advanced cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the effect of fluid temperature in hydrodynamic cavitation on a chip reactors","authors":"Seyedreza Tebyani ,&nbsp;Farzad Rokhsar Talabazar ,&nbsp;Morteza Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Ali Koşar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an experimental investigation on the effects of the fluid temperature on hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) inside microfluidic devices (HC reactors) with multiple parallel microchannels. Three different reactors featuring microchannel configurations with hydraulic diameters of 89, 66, and 48 micrometers including 9, 21, and 37 microchannels respectively, were fabricated using the semiconductor-based microfabrication techniques. The microchannels have side wall roughness elements with a length of one-third of the entire microchannel length and a height of one-tenth of the hydraulic diameter. The fabricated HC reactors enable the investigation of cavitating flows under different thermophysical conditions at operating pressures ranging from 1.7 to 4.1 MPa and fluid temperatures at 23 °C, 33 °C, and 43 °C, and allow the observation of different cavitating flow morphologies, e.g., sheet, shear, and cloud cavities. According to the results, an increase in the temperature by 10 °C significantly raised the cavitation intensity. Furthermore, the scale effects amplify the effect of the temperature changes. Accordingly, the effect of the temperature is more dominant on the microscale compared to macroscale. An increase in the fluid temperature from 23 °C to 33 °C can double the cavitation penetration length in some microchannels within Reactor 1 at an upstream pressure of 3 MPa. The average penetration length at the extension region also increases (by approximately 70 % for Reactor 1, 50 % for Reactor 2, and 35 % for Reactor 3) upon change in the fluid temperature. The change in the cavitation intensity was larger for the temperature increase from 23 °C to 33 °C than for the increase from 33 °C to 43 °C which emphasizes the increasing dominance of thermal effects with temperature. This study offers understanding how a change in thermal properties influences HC at the microscale. The findings of this study can be utilized for scaling efforts in various applications relying on cavitation such as water treatment, microreactors, nanomaterial synthesis, and micro mixing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system using nano-enhanced micro-encapsulated PCM slurry for steam production: A numerical study","authors":"Ahmed Azmeer ,&nbsp;Yahya Sheikh ,&nbsp;Hasan A. Kanjo ,&nbsp;Hamzeh Sabouni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As industries reliant on steam-based processes strive to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, interest in renewable technologies, particularly photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems that generate both thermal and electrical energy, is increasing. However, the limited thermal performance of PVT systems remains a key barrier. Traditional working fluids, such as water, nanofluids, and phase change material (PCM) slurries, exhibit low thermal conductivity, poor temperature regulation, and inefficient heat storage. To address these issues, a novel working fluid incorporating graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles into microencapsulated PCM (MPCM) slurry is proposed. The integration of GO nanoparticles not only enhances the dispersion stability of the MPCM slurry but also significantly increases its thermal conductivity, leading to improved heat dissipation from PV cells. A comprehensive CFD investigation is conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2021, employing an Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model to simulate the three-phase flow. In this model, water serves as the primary phase, while GO nanoparticles and MPCM function as secondary dispersed phases. The results demonstrate that increasing the GO volume fraction from 0 to 0.005 reduces average PV cell temperatures by up to 5°C at 40°C. Additionally, the nano-enhanced MPCM slurry achieves a thermal efficiency of 88.1 % and an electrical efficiency of 10.3 %. It is also found that using MPCM slurry as the working fluid, a 15 % volume fraction of MPCM with a melting point of 40°C achieves the highest thermal efficiency of 90.1 %, outperforming water by 20.1 % and surpassing previous studies on MPCM slurry and nanofluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}