International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Influence of building orientation on cooling load: A comparative study","authors":"Ahmad Abdalla,&nbsp;MD Islam,&nbsp;Isam Janajreh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the cooling load for buildings is a key sustainability measure. Factors effecting buildings’ cooling load are air conditioning (A/C) system outdoor temperature, humidity, and building configuration etc. Here, transient system simulation is used to compare the impact of building orientation on cooling load in three different MENA regions. The findings revealed that west-oriented buildings demand the highest cooling load (1950.85 Ton.hr in UAE, 1566.14 Ton.hr in Jordan, and 1653.69 Ton.hr in Tunisia) contrary to north-west orientation that require the least (1405.57 Ton.hr in UAE, 376.04 Ton.hr in Jordan, and 521.04 Ton.hr in Tunisia). The percentage disparity between the maximum cooling load of west-oriented buildings and the minimum load of the north-west oriented was 1.54%, 2.33%, 2.03% for UAE, Jordan, and Tunisia, respectively. It emphasizes Jordan greater susceptibility to orientation compared to UAE and Tunisia. The research also compared annual electricity bills and CO₂ emission extrapolated for larger households to each region. The Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita comparison lead to potential savings through different orientations, with Tunisia demonstrating the highest savings-to-GDP per capita ratio at 0.013375, Jordan at 0.012655 and UAE at 0.002666. The CO₂ emission due to orientation resulted in a reduction of 0.00654, 0.00264 and 0.00320 tons per m² in the UAE, Jordan, and Tunisia, respectively. This study employs Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to investigate the influence of building orientation on CO₂ emissions. It uncovers variations of up to 2.47% (Jordan), 1.91% (Tunisia), and 1.56% (UAE) linked to regional energy mix for electricity generation. Therefore, proper building orientation would offer both economical and CO₂ emission benefits. Sustainable Index is also introduced to account for building orientation by integrating Cooling Load Efficiency (CLE), Economic Savings (ES), and CO₂ Emission Reductions (CER). Finally, Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) sensitivity analysis explores the effects of ambient parameters on cooling loads, revealing that orientation significantly contributes 16.6% to the variance in the UAE, 10.8% in Jordan, and 15.85% in Tunisia. The findings can serve as valuable guidelines for design of energy-efficient buildings and future sustainable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fin geometry optimization for enhanced PCM solidification in solar cooking thermal storage system: Numerical simulation and experimental validation","authors":"Abraha Kahsay Kiros ,&nbsp;Balewgize Amare Zeru ,&nbsp;Debela Geneti Desisa ,&nbsp;Desta Goytom Tewolde","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the enhancement of heat transfer in phase change materials (PCMs) for solar cooking applications by optimizing fin dimensions to address the low thermal conductivity of PCM during the discharging process. A numerical and experimental analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of fin length and thickness on solidification time and energy storage capacity, balancing the trade-off between heat transfer improvement and PCM volume reduction. Using ANSYS 16.0 for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and response surface methodology (RSM) for design optimization, the study employed solar salt (53 % KNO₃, 6 % NaNO₃, 41 % NaNO₂) with a melting point of 142 °C and latent heat of 110 kJ/kg. Key parameters included fin lengths (70 - 140 mm) and thicknesses (0.8 - 1.5 mm), validated experimentally. Results demonstrated that increasing fin length significantly outperformed thickness enhancement; a fin with 1.5 mm thickness and 140 mm length reduced solidification time by 65.97 % compared to a finless system. RSM optimization identified a fin configuration of 0.8 mm thickness and 140 mm length as optimal, achieving complete solidification in 10.21 hours while releasing 2237.91 kJ of stored energy. These findings highlight the critical role of fin geometry in improving PCM efficiency, enabling effective solar energy storage for extended use, and advancing sustainable alternatives to conventional cooking fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engine roughness, block vibration and external noise of diesel engine running on Jojoba biodiesel and diesel blends","authors":"Bishoy N. Abdo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y.E. Selim ,&nbsp;Youssef A. Attai ,&nbsp;Mohsen S. Radwan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the engine roughness including combustion generated noise, overall external noise and block vibration of a direct-injection diesel engine running on biofuel derived from Jojoba oil and blends with diesel fuel. The physiochemical properties of the biofuel are presented including density, viscosity and distillation data. The engine used is Lister Petter single cylinder DI diesel engine equipped for performance parameters, external noise, and block vibration. The Jojoba biofuel / diesel blend ratio was varied from 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %. The data were collected at different engine operating conditions of load, and engine speed at fixed injection timing and compression ratio. The vibration and noise data have been related to the pressure data to represent the engine roughness for both cases of diesel and biodiesel. Ensemble averaged data of vibration cycle, along with rms and maximum vibration and noise are presented at different engine speeds and fuel conditions. Jojoba biodiesel case exhibited slightly higher maximum combustion pressure rise rate and maximum combustion pressure or higher combustion noise compared to the diesel case. This is also evidenced by the higher maximum and rms vibration for pure Jojoba biofuel compared to pure diesel. Average cycle noise and maximum cycle noise was also higher for Jojoba biofuel compared to pure diesel or Jojoba biofuel/diesel blends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance optimization of nanoparticle-enhanced PCMs in a wavy trapezoidal cavity: a computational study","authors":"Saddam Hocine Mellah ,&nbsp;Mecieb Fatima Zohra ,&nbsp;Aissa Abderrahmane ,&nbsp;Obai Younis ,&nbsp;Samir Laouedj ,&nbsp;Kamel Guedri ,&nbsp;Ali Alahmer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the duration of the total melting process is a key challenge in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. This study numerically investigates the enhancement of TES thermal performance using a trapezoidal prism storage unit filled with nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM). The bottom wall (wave wall) is heated while the remaining walls are insulated, and its shape is modified while keeping the PCM volume constant. The study evaluates four TES configurations with different bottom wall geometries: Case 1 (sawtooth waves), Case 2 (triangular waves), Case 3 (sinusoidal waves), and Case 4 (square waves). The phase transition is modeled using the enthalpy-porosity method. The effects of bottom wall temperature (333 K and 343 K) and nanoparticle concentration (φ = 0–0.04) are also analyzed. The analysis examines temperature distributions and liquid fraction evolution across the four configurations under two different temperatures. The findings revealed that incorporating nanoparticles at a concentration of 4 vol% enhanced thermal conductivity during the melting process by 9.2 %. Increasing the bottom wall temperature to 343 K accelerated the melting process by 75 %. Among the tested designs, the TES system with a square-wave bottom wall (Case 4) achieves the highest efficiency, reducing melting time by 18 % compared to the sinusoidal-wave configuration (Case 3).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational exploration of 4F6T orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystal and its fluorinated derivatives for enhanced nonlinear optical characteristics","authors":"Adrish Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Kritika Garg ,&nbsp;Przemyslaw Kula ,&nbsp;Debanjan Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Ayon Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals (OAFLCs) are a class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic potential, particularly due to their bistable switching behavior, thermal stability, and inherent nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. However, the effects of fluorination on the properties of the liquid crystalline compound 4F6T, a member of the OAFLC family, for enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) performance have yet to be explored. This study aims to address this by investigating the properties of 4F6T and its fluorinated derivatives using a computational model, where a single molecule is analyzed by treating it analogous to an ideal gas molecule. Exploiting the computational power of density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and the 6–311G(d,p) basis set, which includes the polarization function, that is essential for fluorine molecules, we systematically explored the impact of fluorination on molecular stability, thermodynamics, electronic structure, vibrational characteristics, and NLO behavior. Fluorination was found to enhance molecular stability, with the zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) decreasing from 459.20 kcal/mol (4F6T) to 438.65 kcal/mol (4F6T(2,3,2′,3′F)). The dipole moment increased significantly, reaching a maximum of 6.46 Debye for the fully fluorinated derivative. Notably, the partially fluorinated derivative 4F6T(2,3F) demonstrated the highest hyperpolarizability (β₀ = 7970.69 a.u.) and superior NLO performance. These fluorinated molecules have significant use in modern fast-response displays. Our findings indicate that the 4F6T(2,3F) molecule is most suitable for photonic and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of utilisation of nano boron, diesel and biodiesel fuels with together hydrogen in a compression ignition engine on combustion characteristics","authors":"Volkan Sabri Kül,&nbsp;Selahaddin Orhan Akansu,&nbsp;Mehmet Sarıtaş,&nbsp;Happy Sinkala,&nbsp;Sebahattin Ünalan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compression ignition (diesel) engines are the most important element of transportation. Efficiency is a vital factor in diesel engines in terms of environmental protection and sustainability. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of diesel engines by using various additives is an important research topic. In this context, 8 different fuel types were created by adding 10 % biodiesel, 50 ppm nanoboron (nanoboron particle size 20 nm) and hydrogen (18 % of the energy consumption of Diesel/B10 fuels was replaced) to diesel fuel in the current study. A heavy-duty diesel engine was operated at a constant engine speed of 650 rpm and a torque of 200 Nm using these eight fuel types. As a result of the experiments, diesel fuel with 50 ppm nanoboron added produced the highest efficiency among all fuel types with a thermal efficiency value of 28.837 %. In the experiments carried out with standard diesel (D) fuel, when the thermal efficiency values obtained were compared with D_50ppmB and D_H2 fuels, an efficiency increase of 1.95 % and 0.19 % was achieved, respectively. On the other hand, when compared with B10_50ppmB, B10_H2, B10, B10_50ppmB_H2 and D_50ppmB_H2 fuels, an efficiency decrease of 0.99 %, 2.66 %, 2.75 %, 3.53 % and 5.38 % was attained, respectively. 50 ppm nano boron addition to pure diesel increased the NO emission rate by 3.15 %. On the contrary, a significant decrease was observed in NO emission when hydrogen was used with all fuel types. For example, the NO emission value, which was 3.62 g/kWh in the use of pure diesel, decreased by 32.6 % and dropped to 2.44 g/kWh in the d-H2 mixture. In addition, it was observed that the NOx emission value, which was 3.60 g/kWh when B10 (90 % diesel + 10 % biodiesel) fuel was used, decreased by 29.72 % to 2.53 g/kWh when B10_H2 fuel was used. The most important findings of this study are that the nanoparticle additive increased thermal efficiency and reduced CO emissions. In this study, the combustion of diesel, biodiesel, hydrogen and nanoboron fuels in various combinations was investigated. It is thought that this quaternary fuel mixture significantly contributed to the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of oxyhydrogen-enriched air on bio-ethanol fueled passenger car","authors":"Trung Thuc Do ,&nbsp;Yong Tang ,&nbsp;Trinh Xuan Phong ,&nbsp;Khanh Nguyen Duc","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of oxyhydrogen-enriched air (OHEA) on the combustion characteristics and emissions of a bio-ethanol-fueled passenger car through a combination of simulation and experimental analysis. The engine’s fuel system was modified to operate independently on either gasoline or pure ethanol. An electrolysis system was integrated to supply HHO for ethanol-fueled operation. A detailed simulation model was developed to analyze the influence of HHO addition on in-cylinder combustion parameters. The results indicated that HHO enhanced engine performance by increasing in-cylinder pressure and temperature, while also shortening combustion duration. A steady-state chassis dynamometer experiment was conducted to validate these findings under controlled conditions. At full throttle (60–90 km/h vehicle speed range), the addition of OHEA led to an increase in the maximum brake power at the wheels by 3.74 % on average. Furthermore, brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased by 9.45 % when the test vehicle was fueled with ethanol-HHO compared to gasoline operations. Engine stability was significantly affected by fuel types. Compared to gasoline, ethanol-fueled operation exhibited greater instability, particularly at high throttle positions and elevated vehicle speeds, as reflected by an increase in the coefficient of variation of engine speed (COV_s) from 0.25 % for gasoline to 1.10 % for ethanol. However, OHEA significantly improved stability, reducing COV_s from 1.10 % to 0.60 %. Emission analysis showed that the introduction of ethanol and OHEA significantly reduced toxic emissions compared to gasoline-fueled operations during steady-state testing. Specifically, HC was reduced by 5.7 % to 43.8 %, CO by 3.2 % to 73.7 %, and NO_x by 10.9 % to 32.9 %. The use of ethanol, or the combination of ethanol and HHO, significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions to the environment compared to gasoline use, with a reduction of up to 10.19 %. The results suggest that ethanol, particularly when supplemented with HHO, could serve as an effective alternative fuel strategy, balancing both environmental benefits and technical performance improvements. This approach may support broader efforts toward achieving carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of air layer thickness on melting kinetics and heat transfer in horizontally oriented hemispherical phase change material enclosures","authors":"Abbas Fadhil Khalaf ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ,&nbsp;Hayder I. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Arman Ameen ,&nbsp;Ephraim Bonah Agyekum","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage systems often encounter unintended air gaps that critically affect performance, yet their effects in hemispherical enclosures remain unexplored. This research delves into the critical role of air layer thickness in modulating the melting kinetics and heat transfer performance of PCM within horizontally oriented hemispherical enclosures—a configuration with considerable applications for thermal energy storage (TES) systems. This research has systematically quantified how air layer thickness (0–3 mm) affects PCM melting dynamics using advanced ANSYS/FLUENT 16 simulations. The absence of an air layer (0 mm) affords the fastest melting, driven by unobstructed natural convection and conduction. In other hand, incremental air layer thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) have introduced enlightened thermal resistance, delaying melting completion by 15 %, 30 %, and 45 %, respectively. In this regard, a 3 mm air layer has exhibited the most noticeable insulating effect, overwhelming the convective flow velocities by 35–40 % and creating non-uniform temperature distributions of 18–22 °C gradients. The obtained results disclose an essential trade-off. This is specifically disclosed as while air layers can enhance insulation, they obstruct heat transfer competence, extending the melting duration from 85 min (0 mm) to 123 min (3 mm). This research delivers actionable visions for optimising air gap design in PCM-based systems, balancing thermal regulation requirements with energy storage performance. The associated results are predominantly relevant for applications necessitating detailed thermal management, such as building-integrated TES and electronic cooling, where hemispherical enclosures offer geometric advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the most effective measures to optimize carrot slice tray drying using physics-based and Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Jörg Schemminger ,&nbsp;Sharvari Raut ,&nbsp;Barbara Sturm ,&nbsp;Thijs Defraeye","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing convective tray drying for carrot slices requires addressing various process variables and objectives. Balancing quality, throughput, and energy consumption requires understanding mechanisms and considering the effort and effect of individual practical use cases. This study uses Monte Carlo simulations of a physics-based model to assess dehydration and identify ideal optimization measures from a base case. Reducing slice thickness from 5 mm to 2 mm cuts drying time by 62 % while preserving 220 % more β-carotene, making it the most effective optimization strategy. The effects on the throughput of fresh produce (+6 %) and energy consumption (+6 %) are negligible. To reduce energy consumption, it proves beneficial to reduce the airspeed from 1.8 m/s to 0.6 m/s - a 35 % reduction. However, this adjustment results in a 77 % drop in carotene retention and a 48 % reduction in throughput. Increased carotene retention (+39 %) and throughput (+28 %) can be achieved by increasing the airspeed from 1.8 m/s to 3 m/s. However, this improvement requires 30 % more energy. Given these trade-offs, it is essential to consider the constraints imposed by the production environment and situation. The results of this study support the identification of the ideal case-specific optimization strategies and thus help to avoid costly trial-and-error approaches in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational framework for electro-osmotic flow analysis in Carreau fluids using a hybrid numerical scheme","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Arif ,&nbsp;Wasfi Shatanawi ,&nbsp;Yasir Nawaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing mathematical models for electro-osmotic flow in non-Newtonian fluids is difficult since fluid mechanics and electrokinetic phenomena are interconnected. Conventional models frequently assume Newtonian behaviour, which is insufficient for accurately representing the complex characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids such as Carreau fluid. The primary objective of this work is to construct a computational scheme for solving the governing equations related to the electro-osmotic flow of Carreau fluid over a stationary sheet. The practicality of the Carreau fluid model for this study lies in its ability to accurately represent the shear-dependent viscosity observed in various biological and industrial fluids. A novel two-stage numerical scheme is introduced for solving the governing time-dependent partial differential equations. The first stage utilizes an exponential integrator, while the second stage employs a Runge-Kutta method. Spatial discretization is achieved using a high-order, accurate compact scheme, which ensures sixth-order spatial accuracy. The stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are rigorously analyzed for both scalar equations and systems of parabolic equations. The framework is applied to the dimensionless governing equations of electro-osmotic flow, with the results validated against existing first- and second-order schemes. The proposed method demonstrates superior accuracy and computational efficiency. The results reveal the influence of key parameters, such as the Weissenberg number, Forchheimer number, and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity, on the flow and temperature profiles. The framework also considers the impact of heat generation, reaction kinetics, and mass diffusivity on thermal and concentration distributions. This work establishes a robust computational approach for solving complex fluid flow problems involving non-Newtonian fluids, such as Carreau fluids, driven by electro-osmotic forces and influenced by magnetic and porous media effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}