International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing heat transfer and flow control with porous plates around a square cylinder","authors":"Mohammad Javad Javadzadeh,&nbsp;Cyrus Aghanajafi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a two-dimensional numerical evaluation of thermal transport mechanisms enhancement and flow control around a square cylinder by employing a combination of two passive techniques: porous materials and splitter plates, at low Reynolds numbers. Despite the geometric simplicity of the cylinder, the surrounding flow exhibits complex behaviors that pose challenges in drag reduction and thermal optimization. Six different configurations were developed, each incorporating a pair of splitter plates positioned upper and lower the cylinder. While the splitter plates in the first and fourth models are solid, the others feature porous designs either partially covered with a porous layer or entirely made of porous material. Key flow and thermal parameters, including the coefficient of drag and lift, average Nusselt number, were analyzed for all models. Two of them demonstrated superior performance and were further examined under varying conditions of porous permeability, thickness of porous layer, and Reynolds number. Results show that combining porous splitter plates with a porous layer increases the average Nusselt number by up to 35 % and reduces the average drag coefficient by 22 % compared to the baseline case (bare cylinder). Higher permeability and thicker porous layers further enhance heat transfer and reduce aerodynamic forces, highlighting the potential of combined passive strategies for optimizing flow-thermal performance around bluff bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of shear rate-dependent viscoelastic mucociliary flow in mucus hypersecretion with thermal and concentration aspects","authors":"Hameed Ashraf ,&nbsp;Tariq Ali ,&nbsp;Talha Anwar ,&nbsp;Imran Siddique ,&nbsp;A.M. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal and concentration aspects in analyzing mucociliary transport is essential in understanding the mechanisms behind airway diseases caused by mucus hypersecretion in human airways. A mathematical model proposed by Ashraf et al. (2024) is used for the hypersecretion scenario. The airway ciliary and peri ciliary layers are formed when goblet cells secrete a substantial amount of mucus, blocking the airway channel. The shear rate-dependent viscoelastic fluid is used to better characterize the mucus rheology. The established system of nonlinear partial differential equations is addressed for approximate series solutions through the Adomian decomposition method. The analysis clarifies that both the velocity of mucus and the temperature rise as the relaxation time and pressure gradient at the airway entrance increase. The concentration decreases with the increase in mass diffusivity ratio while it increases with the increase in Schmidt number, Soret number, and pressure gradient at the airway entrance. Moreover, a comparison of the current results with the findings in existing literature reveals that shear rate-dependent viscoelastic fluid demonstrates better dynamic behavior in hypersecretion scenarios during mucociliary clearance. The Adomian decomposition method’s series solutions are validated by comparing them with numerical solutions obtained using the finite difference method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sizing of heat exchangers and exergoeconomic performance comparison of two supercritical CO2 power cycles driven by flue gas of a steam power plant","authors":"Animesh Goswami,&nbsp;T.K. Gogoi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a thermo-fluid model of a sCO₂ recompression cycle (sCO₂-RC) utilizing boiler flue gas of a reheat regenerative steam power plant (RRSPP) and presents exergoeconomic analysis. Two configurations are considered: Configuration 1 (C1) utilizes the exhaust heat first in an air preheater and next in an intermediate heat exchanger and in Configuration 2 (C2) the order is reversed. Key geometric specifications of the heat exchangers are determined alongside the performance parameters like pressure drop, heat transfer coefficients, etc. The net power output of the sCO₂-RC in C2 is found to be 8.32 MW, compared to 2.31 MW in C1. Also, C2 has better thermal and exergy efficiencies of 28.91 % and 38.71 %. Previously, the standalone RRSPP incurred a total cost rate of 5,675.84 $/h against a net power of 205.8 MW. Now, with a surplus power of 2.31 MW and 8.32 MW obtained, respectively, from C1 and C2, the additional total cost rates associated with the combined RRSPP-C1 and RRSPP-C2 are found to be 165.04 $/h and 59.33 $/h, respectively. The RRSPP-C2 produces 2.89 % more power with higher efficiencies and has the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) among the three systems—standalone RRSPP, RRSPP-C1 and RRSPP-C2. Therefore, RRSPP-C2 is recommended for sCO₂-RC operation together with the SPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD simulation for optimizing flow dynamics in a bioelectrochemically enhanced single-chamber anaerobic digester","authors":"S. Feilner ,&nbsp;M. Espejo ,&nbsp;M. Garcia ,&nbsp;D. Molognoni ,&nbsp;E. Borràs ,&nbsp;K. Herkendell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of anaerobic digestion (AD) and bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for improved biogas production makes a significant contribution to the conversion of organic waste materials into a usable, renewable energy source. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the performance of a bioelectrochemically enhanced single-chamber anaerobic digester (AD-BES). Flow conditions in a laboratory-scale stirred tank reactor are compared with those in an identical AD-BES reactor equipped with carbon fiber brush electrodes. Two configurations of the BES reactor, AD-BES-1 and AD-BES-2, were examined. The overarching aim of the analysis is to develop suitable fluid dynamic models for the simulation of the AD-BES reactor system. Particular emphasis is placed on modeling the turbulence and the rotational movement of the stirrer. With a realistic representation of the reactor system, the influence of the electrodes on the operating dynamics of the reactor, the mixing behavior and the formation of dead zones can be described and optimized. The simulation results were validated with experimental tests in an acrylic glass model reactor. Operating the included stirrer at 200 and 300 revolutions per minute (rpm) reveals that, with higher rotational speed the extension of dead zones is decreasing. The brush electrodes significantly influence the flow patterns, acting as obstacles. The arrangement of the electrodes determines the extent of the dead zones that occur between them and the reactor wall. In presence of the electrodes, the radial component of the flow velocity is decreasing, while the axial component is increasing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoxidative transformation of green lubricants induced by bombax ceiba biodiesel and its tribo-thermal consequences","authors":"C. Pownraj ,&nbsp;A.Valan Arasu ,&nbsp;B. Prabhu ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Katiyar ,&nbsp;R. Pravesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for sustainable lubricants, Bombax ceiba biodiesel (BD) has become a promising additive for developing low-viscosity, eco-friendly biolubricants. In this study, modified biolubricant (MBL) formulations were created by blending the extracted raw Bombax ceiba biolubricants (BL) with different volumes of BD (5, 10, 15, and 20 mL). The chemical structures and compositions of BL, BD, and MBL were analyzed using ATR-IR, ¹H NMR, and GC–MS techniques. The tribological and heat transfer properties were assessed with a four-ball tribotester and KD2 Pro thermal property analyzer. Results showed that adding BD promoted molecular rearrangement within BL through autoxidation reactions, which caused a decline in tribo-thermal performance. Specifically, COF increased by 19.76 %, 46.40 %, 36.48 %, and 30.94 %, while thermal conductivity decreased by 0.62 %, 1.86 %, 1.86 %, and 3.10 % for MBL₁−MBL₄, respectively. Notably, blends containing more than 5 mL BD experienced excessive oxidative disintegration, which reduced key lubricating components and impaired tribological stability. Overall, Bombax ceiba biodiesel demonstrates potential as a sustainable additive for low-viscosity green lubricants, provided it is optimized within appropriate blending limits and benchmarked against commercial standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of renewable energy systems with pumped hydro storage for desalinating water in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Qamar Abbas ,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Awad B.S. Alquaity","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global population relies heavily on electricity and clean water. With limited freshwater resources, desalination of seawater using electricity is necessary. This study analyses the techno-economics of standalone solar, wind, and hybrid solar-wind energy systems coupled with battery or pumped hydro storage for powering reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants. The desalination plants are designed to meet the freshwater requirements of 1000 homes in three Saudi Arabian coastal cities: Yanbu, Jeddah, and Jazan, corresponding to daily freshwater demands of 0.311 m³/day, 0.246 m³/day, and 0.182 m³/day, respectively. The analysis was performed using HOMER software, and the cost of electricity was selected as the sizing criterion. The results showed that hybrid solar-wind with pumped hydro storage was the most feasible configuration for Yanbu and Jeddah, while solar with pumped hydro storage was optimal for Jazan. The electricity cost for Yanbu and Jeddah was 0.173 $/kWh, while it was 0.179 $/kWh for Jazan. Desalinated water costs ranged from 0.787 to 0.899 $/m³ across the three locations, with pumped hydro storage emerging as the most cost-effective energy storage option. In Jeddah, electricity generation was evenly balanced, with solar and wind each supplying approximately 50%. Conversely, Yanbu relied heavily on solar power, contributing around 80%, while wind energy generated the remaining 20 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer effects of gas bubble evolution from dissolved-gas supersaturation in non-boiling water flow: An experimental study","authors":"J. Manthey,&nbsp;V. May,&nbsp;M. Guesmi,&nbsp;H. Mehdipour,&nbsp;S. Unz,&nbsp;M. Beckmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas bubble evolution under gas supersaturation can alter cooling performance in PEM electrolysers, yet data for pressure-induced dissolved-gas supersaturation in non-boiling water flow are lacking. Experiments were therefore performed in a heated rectangular channel (6 mm × 50 mm, <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>q</mi><mi>˙</mi></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>147</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>) over 4 000 ≤ <em>Re</em> ≤ 27 000. Dissolved-gas supersaturation and undersaturation were generated by rapid pressure drops and rises, respectively. Wall temperatures, inferred from embedded thermocouples, stayed below 80 °C, eliminating boiling. Dissolved-gas super-saturation increased the Nusselt number by up to 22 % for <em>Re</em> &lt; 12 000; the benefit vanished at higher <em>Re</em>. Gas under-saturation reduced <em>Nu</em> by up to 9 %. The trends are attributed to gas-bubble-induced turbulence in the core flow and boundary-layer agitation at the wall, and they agree with earlier thermal-gas-super-saturation data obtained in the same <em>Re</em> range. In addition, tests on laser-structured and hydrophobically coated surfaces revealed that surface functionalization strongly affects bubble activity and heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational study of steady micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow between permeable walls: Impact of reynolds and peclet numbers using advanced numerical methods","authors":"Pooriya Majidi Zar ,&nbsp;Payam Jalili ,&nbsp;Davood Domiri Ganji ,&nbsp;Bahram Jalili","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the steady, two-dimensional flow of a micropolar hybrid nanofluid between two parallel porous walls under varying Reynolds and Peclet numbers. Advanced numerical techniques, specifically the Akbari-Ganji Method (AGM) and the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), are employed to solve the governing nonlinear differential Eqs.. The effects of key dimensionless parameters, including the Reynolds number, Peclet number, and coupling parameters, on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are examined. Results indicate that increasing the Reynolds number reduces the stream function, while a higher Peclet number enhances heat transfer. The influence of suction and injection on fluid dynamics and thermal behavior is also explored, revealing that suction diminishes the dimensionless parameters, whereas injection amplifies them. To enhance thermal and transport performance, Al_₂O_₃–SiO_₂ hybrid nanofluids are incorporated into the analysis, combining high thermal conductivity, stability, and biocompatibility with pH sensitivity suitable for tumor environments. These findings offer new insights into the behavior of micropolar hybrid nanofluids in porous media, contributing to the optimization of fluid flow systems in engineering applications. Moreover, due to their ability to model microstructural effects and rotational dynamics, micropolar fluids combined with Al_₂O_₃–SiO_₂ hybrids show promising potential in biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy, where precise control over transport phenomena is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattaneo–Christov model for Marangoni convection in Casson fluid with thermal radiation and activation energy under dual-phase heat transfer","authors":"D. Prabu ,&nbsp;Shajar Abbas ,&nbsp;Inamullah Inam ,&nbsp;Mustafa Bayram ,&nbsp;Barno Abdullaeva ,&nbsp;Afnan Al Agha ,&nbsp;Hakim AL Garalleh ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Mahariq","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) conditions on the flow of Casson fluid under elastic deformation along a stretched boundary. The Cattaneo–Christov flux framework is used to model thermal and mass diffusion, incorporating non-classical effects of thermal and concentration relaxation phenomena. Furthermore, the model accounts for thermal radiation, activation energy, and an internal heat source, offering a more comprehensive representation of energy transfer in non-Newtonian fluid systems. These physical effects are particularly relevant in technical applications that require precise heat transfer control between fluid and solid phases, such as heat exchangers, geothermal systems, and thermal control devices. The model is also applicable in industrial processes that involve viscoplastic or yield-stress fluids, such as polymer extrusion, oil recovery, and food processing. By applying similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, which are numerically solved using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The results reveal that increasing the interphase heat transfer coefficient <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> from 1.0 to 5.0 causes a 23.7% reduction in the fluid-phase temperature and a 31.4% reduction in the solid-phase temperature at a fixed location. Furthermore, the presence of thermal radiation (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>) and internal heat generation (<span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>) amplifies this cooling effect by an additional 12.5% compared to the case without these effects. These findings emphasize the critical role of the LTNE parameters and energy transport mechanisms in optimizing thermal performance in engineering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of nanoparticle shape and periodic heating on entropy generation inside a tilted nanofluid filled rectangular cavity","authors":"Md.Aslam Hossain ,&nbsp;Md.Rafiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Md.Nur Alam ,&nbsp;Md. Sagib ,&nbsp;M.A.H. Sajib ,&nbsp;Chinmayee Podder ,&nbsp;Bijan Krishna Saha ,&nbsp;Md.Jakir Hossen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with the utilization of <em>TiO</em>₂-water nanofluid to investigate the MHD free convection (FC) flow and entropy generation inside a tilted rectangular cavity in the presence of uniform magnetic field. The bottom and the left vertical walls of the cavity are heated periodically, but the right vertical one is kept cool with a comparatively low temperature. The upper wall is a superb insulator. The walls are in no slip boundary condition. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that, to date, no study has been addressed entropy generation optimization in cavities considering the both effects of inclination and periodic heating, as far as the author know. An analysis is conducted on the optimization of local entropy (LE) that results from the combination of HT and fluid movement throughout FC. The study of temperature distributions in terms of isothermal contours (IC), fluid flow patterns in terms of stream functions (SF) and HT rate in terms of <em>Nu</em> are presented in this investigation. The simulation is carried out for 10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶, 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.04,  30⁰ ≤ ω ≤ 90⁰, 0 ≤ <em>Ha</em> ≤ 80 and 0.2 ≤ AR ≤ 0.8. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved with the help of finite element Galerkin method after transforming them into non-dimensional form using some non-dimensional variables. The findings reveal that heat transfer and entropy generation in nanofluid-filled tilted cavities are strongly influenced by thermal, magnetic, particulate, and geometric parameters. High Ra and lamina-shaped nanoparticles enhance convection and heat transport, though at the expense of increased irreversibility, while moderate <em>Ha</em> and low-to-moderate particle concentrations (φ ≈ 0.02) provide an optimal balance of efficiency. Geometric optimization, particularly an inclination angle of ω ≈ 60° and aspect ratio AR ≈ 0.4, minimizes entropy generation while maintaining effective circulation. These findings are significant as they establish optimal parameter ranges that enhance heat transfer while maintaining energy efficiency, providing practical design strategies for thermal management. Such insights are highly relevant to applications like electronic cooling, solar collectors, energy storage, and magneto-hydrodynamic systems, where balancing performance with reduced entropy generation is essential for reliable operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}