BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Mediating role of metabolic factors in the association between dietary habits and the onset of type 2 diabetes: a population-based Panasonic cohort study 19.","authors":"Junya Hironaka, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Hiroshi Okada, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Ema Toyokuni, Masahide Hamaguchi, Norihiro Nishioka, Yukiko Tateyama, Tomonari Shimamoto, Kazushiro Kurogi, Hiroaki Murata, Naoki Yoshida, Masato Ito, Go Horiguchi, Satoshi Teramukai, Taku Iwami, Michiaki Fukui","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001030","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is involved in the development of various diseases, including microvascular and macrovascular complications, infections, osteoporosis and dementia. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of obesity or metabolic abnormalities (hypertension, dyslipidaemia) in causal pathways between dietary habits (fast eating, skipping breakfast) and developing type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using health examination data from employees of Panasonic Corporation in Japan. Information on participants' dietary habits, metabolic factors and the onset of diabetes was collected. Cox regression-based causal mediation analyses were performed to assess associations among dietary habits, metabolic factors and diabetes development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 155 963 participants, fast eating (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.73 to 2.14) and skipping breakfast (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.37) were associated with increased onset of type 2 diabetes within 13 years. Fast eating showed a strong association with diabetes risk mediated through body mass index (BMI) (proportion mediated 0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.85) while skipping breakfast showed a direct association with diabetes risk not mediated through BMI (proportion mediated 0.10, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.14). Both dietary habits exhibited small mediating effects through hypertension or dyslipidaemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fast eating increases diabetes risk, primarily through BMI, whereas skipping breakfast poses a risk not through BMI. These findings suggest a mechanism by which dietary habits affect glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of lactase phenotypes on obesity, metabolic syndrome and milk consumption.","authors":"Karis Phengsalae, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Songpon Getsuwan, Sirinapa Siwarom, Pornthep Tanpowpong","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001254","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The variability in lactose digestion ability is categorised into lactase persistence and lactase non-persistence phenotypes, primarily determined by the 13 910 C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4988235). The relationship between the lactase gene, obesity and milk consumption has been studied, but the result remains discrepant. We aimed to investigate the association between lactase phonotypes/genotypes and obesity while also exploring potential connections with metabolic syndrome and milk consumption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between lactase phenotypes/genotypes and 1) body mass index, 2) obesity/overweight status, 3) metabolic syndrome and 4) milk consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search of Medline (via PubMed search engine) and Scopus databases was conducted up to August 2023. Data extraction was performed independently by three investigators. Meta-analysis utilised fixed and random effects, with heterogeneity assessed using Higgin's I² statistic. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six studies were included (5 in children, 21 in adults). In children, body mass index did not significantly differ based on the lactase phenotypes (mean difference 0.17 kg/m², 95% CI -0.26 to 0.60; p=0.44 (three studies)). However, among adults, lactase persistence individuals had a higher body mass index (mean difference 0.22 kg/m², 95% CI 0.15 to 0.30; p<0.01 (19 studies)) and an increased risk of obesity/overweight by 27% (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52; p=0.01 (four studies)) as compared with the lactase non-persistence. Even though it was not associated with metabolic syndrome (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.57; p=0.93 [three studies]), lactase persistence was associated with higher milk consumption (mean difference of 41 g/day, 95% CI 26 to 56, p<0.01 [six studies]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While data on lactase phenotype and obesity in children are limited, adults with lactase persistence have higher body mass index and risk of obesity/overweight and greater milk consumption than lactase non-persistence. More research is needed to define the interplay between lactase genotypes/phenotypes, obesity and milk consumption.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023400753.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuts about pemphigus? A cross-sectional investigation into the role of nuts intake in modulating disease severity.","authors":"Maryam Fallah, Fatemeh Sadat Fahimzad, Anahita Najafi, Mobina Zeinalabedini, Kamran Balighi, Maryam Daneshpazhooh, Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001368","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the anti-inflammatory properties of nuts, their consumption might play a role in reducing inflammation and the severity of pemphigus vulgaris (PV). However, limited evidence exists regarding the association between nut intake and PV severity. Thus, this cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between PV severity and the consumption of total nuts as well as specific nut varieties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 138 PV patients, of whom 108 had a Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI)<15 and 30 had a PDAI≥15. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and consumption of total nuts and subtypes (peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts and pistachios) was categorised into quartiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While no significant association was found between individual nut types and PV severity, individuals with the highest total nut intake (including peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts and pistachios) were 92% less likely to experience increased PV severity compared with those with the lowest intake (OR: 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.38). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex and energy intake (OR: 0.072; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.36). Further adjustments for corticosteroid use and physical activity did not alter the strength or significance of the association (OR: 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.42).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that higher total nut consumption is inversely associated with PV severity, though no such link was observed for specific nut subtypes. Prospective cohort studies are needed to validate these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not all ultra-processed foods are created equal: a review.","authors":"Hana Kahleova, Joseph Himmelfarb, Neal D Barnard","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001358","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nova system was proposed as a means of categorising food products according to the degree and methods of processing. The term 'ultra-processed' was used to indicate foods with the most extensive processing. When applied to research cohorts, foods in this category have shown widely heterogeneous associations with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions, with some foods associated with increased risk and others associated with significantly reduced risk, raising important considerations for public policy. The purpose of this review is to summarise the findings of studies analysing the associations of ultra-processed foods with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Out of 309 records found on PubMed, 14 publications that differentiated between ultra-processed food groups were included in the review. Positive associations between ultra-processed food consumption and adverse health outcomes have been found for processed meats, sweetened beverages (both sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened), and fats, spreads and sauces. Other ultra-processed foods have been associated with lower risk of these conditions, mainly breads, biscuits and breakfast cereals, and whole grains. Randomised clinical trials show that replacing animal products with plant-based foods, even when processed, leads to health benefits. These studies suggest that the Nova system may be improved by differentiating between animal and plant foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"e001358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of erectile dysfunction and daily food thiamin intake among men in the USA.","authors":"Jianwei Wu, Longlong Fan, Xu Yang, Shiqiang Zhang, Wenzhong Zheng","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000911","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male health issue influenced by vascular and neurological factors. Although prior studies have linked micronutrients to ED, the role of thiamin (vitamin B₁) remains underexplored. Given its key role in energy metabolism and nervous system function, this study aimed to investigate the association between dietary thiamin intake and ED among men in the USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, data from two cycles (2001-2002, 2003-2004) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, which included information on daily riboflavin intake from food and self-reported ED. For the assessment of clinical ED, participants were categorised as those who reported being 'sometimes able' or 'never' to maintain an erection based on a single question. Daily food intake and consumption data were obtained through questionnaires and 24-hour recall interviews. The relationship between daily food thiamin intake and ED was analysed using logistic regression models and smooth curve fitting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that higher food thiamin intake was significantly associated with lower incidence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke and ED (all p trend <0.05). Compared with participants with thiamin intake <1.3 μg, the full-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for participants with thiamin intake >1.3 μg were 0.782 (0.651 to 0.940) (p<0.05). These findings suggest that dietary thiamin intake may play a protective role in the development of ED and other cardiometabolic disorders. Increasing thiamin consumption through dietary modification or supplementation could represent a potential strategy for ED prevention and management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater dietary thiamin intake demonstrated a statistically significant association with reduced incidence of ED. Our findings suggest that a lower intake of thiamin is an independent risk factor with ED. We can consider increasing the intake of thiamine in daily food.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e000911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12772565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of tea as an ideal vehicle for therapeutic vitamin replacement in women with low folate and vitamin B12 status in Assam: a placebo-controlled interventional clinical trial.","authors":"Hemonta Kumar Dutta, Manash Pratim Barman, Pratim Gupta, Manas Jyoti Kotoky, Bani K Acharyya, Jiban Chandra Gogoi, Podma Pollov Sarmah, Pritom Chowdhury, Santanu Sabhapondit, Ravindra Vora, Aśok C Antony","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001287","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001287","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Most Indian women have a low folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; status that can progress to clinical deficiency and contributes to over 100 000 births annually with neural tube defects (NTDs). A common, widely accepted, Indian food vehicle for fortification with folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; has long remained elusive. Earlier, we employed folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;-fortified teabags to brew a daily cup of black tea and documented improvement in serum folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations among women from Maharashtra state within 60 days. Because most Indian households prefer hot-brewed ('loose') black tea prepared by the 'crush, tear, curl' (CTC) method in large commercial tea factories, we tested the feasibility of directly fortifying CTC tea with folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; and assessed its efficacy in improving the folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; status among women from Assam state within 90 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two groups of women studying nursing (n=30) or pharmacy (n=30) at Assam Medical College and Hospital consumed a daily cup of hot tea prepared from 2 g of either unfortified CTC tea (control group) or vitamin-fortified CTC tea containing 1 mg folate and 1 mg vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; (experimental group) for 90 days. We then compared their pre-interventional versus post-interventional changes in serum folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; status, iron status and haemoglobin concentration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;At baseline, 89% of all women had low folate status (serum folate ≤5 ng/mL) and 72% had low vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; status (serum vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; ≤300 pg/mL). After 90 days daily consumption of unfortified CTC tea, the control group had clinically insignificant mean increases in serum folate of 1.3 ng/mL and serum vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; of 1 pg/mL. By contrast, the experimental group consuming vitamin-fortified CTC tea exhibited a mean rise in serum folate of 5.3 ng/mL (95% CI 3.9 to 6.8; p&lt;0.001) and serum vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; of 194.6 pg/mL (95% CI 154.7 to 234.5; p&lt;0.001). Moreover, 28/30 women receiving vitamin-fortified CTC tea had a post-interventional rise in mean serum folate of 9.2±3.6 (SD) ng/mL, and 25/30 women normalised their serum vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; ≥300 pg/mL. However, only a minority achieved the higher serum folate concentration required to reduce their risk of NTDs. Despite borderline low normal iron status in most women, there was no adverse impact of CTC tea-consumed ~2 hours between meals-on either per cent-transferrin saturation or haemoglobin concentration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Consumption of a daily cup of hot brewed folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;-fortified CTC tea is feasible, efficacious, and safe to clinically normalise the folate and vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; status of Indian women within 90 days in Assam. Therefore, CTC tea is an ideal and eminently scalable food vehicle for fortification with th","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the adherence to EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet with mortality in Switzerland: results from the national nutrition survey menuCH.","authors":"Flurina Suter, Linda Beck, Giulia Pestoni, Sabine Rohrmann","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001344","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While a balanced diet is crucial for human health, the food system is also a key driver of climate change. The EAT-Lancet Commission developed the Planetary Health Diet (PHD), providing guidelines for a healthy and sustainable diet.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the association of PHD adherence with mortality in Switzerland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this analysis, data from the cross-sectional national nutrition survey menuCH (2014-2015, n=2057) were linked with Swiss mortality and census data (2015-2019). By applying the multiple source method, habitual food intake was calculated based on the reported dietary intakes of two 24- hour dietary recalls and information on food avoidance obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. PHD adherence was quantified using a score that was used to categorise participants (G1, 0-5 points; G2, 6 points; G3, 7 points; G4, 8-14 points). Regression models were fitted to assess the association of the PHD score with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Spatial autocorrelation of residuals was evaluated using Moran's I statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher PHD score was associated with lower mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (per 1-point increment: rate ratio=0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.00); G4 vs G1, 0.94 (0.88 to 1.00)). In female participants, a higher PHD score was associated with a lower risk of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system (per 1-point increment: 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99)). In male participants, a higher PHD score was associated with lower all-cancer mortality risk (per 1-point increment: 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00); G4 vs G1, 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study generally indicates an inverse association between PHD adherence and mortality risk, especially for diseases of the circulatory system, although the associations varied among subgroups. This study provides further evidence on the potential beneficial effects of sustainable and balanced diets on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships of motivation, self-efficacy and social support with healthy eating behaviours among adolescents.","authors":"Natalia Fraczek, Lorraine B Robbins, Hesam A Varpaei, Kimberly Arcoleo, Jiying Ling","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001369","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Psychosocial factors contributing to the continued failure of adolescents to follow the <i>US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020-2025</i>) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the relationships of adolescents' autonomous motivation, self-efficacy and social support with the healthy eating index (HEI) total (primary outcome), whole fruit, total fruit, vegetable, sodium, added sugar and caloric intake (secondary outcomes).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomised controlled trial was conducted. A total of 935 5th-8th graders, aged 10-14 years, were enrolled. Generalised linear models and structural equation models examined relationships of motivation, social support and self-efficacy for healthy eating with healthy eating behaviours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this sample (51% female, mean age=12.08±0.99), 48.24% were black/African American, and 48.2% were overweight/obese. In generalised linear models, family social support was significantly associated with HEI fruit (β=0.16, p=0.02) and higher caloric intake (β=44.09, p=0.03). Additionally, friend social support was significantly associated with HEI sodium (lower sodium intake; β=0.23, p=0.01). Structural equation models showed that through motivation, social support indirectly improved HEI total (β=0.09, p=0.006) and whole fruit intake (β=0.07, p=0.04) and increased HEI added sugar (lower added sugar intake; β=0.07, p=0.04). Through self-efficacy, social support was indirectly associated with lower HEI sodium (higher sodium intake; β=-0.04, p=0.04).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings add to the growing body of research on adolescent nutrition by emphasising the complex interplay of psychosocial factors in shaping specific dietary behaviours.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04213014.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12772603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium, potassium and iodine excretion and blood pressure of New Zealand school children: a cross-sectional study and comparison with recommended guidelines.","authors":"Helen Eyles, Jeanette Rapson, Kava Fuavao, Yannan Jiang, Geoff Kira, Clare Wall, Sheila Skeaff, Carley Grimes, Rachael M McLean","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001255","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the sodium, potassium and iodine excretion and blood pressure (BP) of New Zealand (NZ) school children 8-13 years old and compare to recommended guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Auckland and Dunedin schools between July 2022 and February 2023. Sodium and potassium excretion were assessed using 24-hour urine, iodine using urine concentration and BP using standard methods; all values were compared with relevant international guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>75 children from five schools took part (n=37 boys, 29 girls and 9 not stating gender). Mean (SD) 24-hour sodium excretion (n=59 complete samples) was 2420 (1025) mg, potassium excretion was 1567 (733) mg and the sodium-to-potassium molar ratio was 3.0 (1.6). 32% (19/59) of children met the WHO sodium guideline (<2000 mg/day), 2% (1/59) met the potassium guideline (≥3500 mg/day) and none met the sodium-to-potassium molar ratio guideline (<1:0). Median (25th, 75th percentile) urinary iodine concentration (n=55 complete samples) was 129 (90, 163) µg/L with 65% (36/55) above the WHO criteria for adequate iodine nutrition (≥99 µg/L). Mean (SD) systolic and diastolic BP (n=74) were 105 (10) mm Hg and 67 (9) mm Hg, respectively; 32% (21/65) of boys and girls with age and height measures had a systolic and diastolic BP measure >90th percentile for their gender, age and height.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the largest cross-sectional study using gold-standard methods to assess sodium and potassium excretion in NZ children. Findings suggest many NZ children could be at risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life, and some are at risk of complications from low iodine intake.</p><p><strong>Implications for public health: </strong>A national sodium reduction strategy and policies to increase potassium intake in NZ children are urgently needed, alongside adequate monitoring and a review of bread fortification as the only strategy for increasing children's iodine intake in NZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of nurse-led intervention on weight reduction in an urban Indian community: an exploratory sequential mixed-method study.","authors":"Vembu Krishnasamy, Kumari Manjini Jayaram, Venkatachalam Jayaseelan","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001349","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a growing global epidemic and is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries like India. The rising rates of obesity and related health problems in India demand urgent, practical interventions involving healthy eating, physical activity and supportive community-based approaches.</p><p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the impact of nurse-led intervention (NLI) on weight reduction among obese adults in urban Indian communities.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>An exploratory sequential mixed methods design was adopted, combining qualitative focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with a quantitative randomised controlled trial (RCT). Adults aged 18-50 years were screened for obesity, recruited for the RCT and randomised into either the NLI arm, which was designed by experts using findings from the FGDs, or the general care group, which received routine care through primary health centres. Following RCT, postintervention IDIs were conducted with participants who achieved 5% or more weight loss to explore the factors that facilitated weight loss.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening of 982 adults revealed a high prevalence of obesity, particularly among women aged 29-50 years. The key barriers identified and addressed included lack of motivation, time and awareness, while the enablers were family support and community resources. At 12 months, 71% of participants in the NLI group achieved 5% or more weight loss, with statistically significant improvements in metabolic, dietary and physical activity outcomes. Post RCT IDIs revealed that motivation, behaviour change and social support were key drivers of sustained weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NLI guided to meaningful weight loss and improved health indicators among obese adults in Puducherry. The findings highlight the potential of culturally adapted, nurse-led programmes and recommend broader implementation through integrated community health strategies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>CTRI/2021/12/038785).</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 2","pages":"e001349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}