BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Recovery rate and predictors of severe acute malnutrition among under-five children admitted to therapeutic feeding units in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Amanuel Adugna, Gossa Fetene Abebe, Melsew Setegn Alie, Desalegn Girma","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001092","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a leading cause of mortality among under-five children in Ethiopia. Despite prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses in Ethiopia, the pooled recovery rate of SAM from 2019 to 2024 remains unknown, and the pooled effect of other contributing factors has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to update the pooled estimate of the recovery rate of SAM and its associated factors among under-five children admitted to therapeutic feeding units (TFUs) in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online from 1 May to 30 June 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to critically appraise the selected studies. Heterogeneity was identified using I² statistics. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were used to determine publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis identified 1254 studies, of which 24 were included. The pooled recovery rate of SAM among under-five children admitted to TFUs was 71.4% (95% CI: 68.4 to 74.4). Anaemia (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.58), being on a nasogastric tube (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.91), pneumonia (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.79), HIV (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.69 to 3.19) and tuberculosis (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.60 to 2.26) were associated with poor recovery, while vitamin A supplementation (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.62) was associated with better recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pooled recovery rate aligns with the minimum international standard. In addition to therapeutic feeding, prevention and early treatment of comorbidities should be emphasised. Vitamin A supplementation may also help improve the recovery rate.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024549424.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a nutrition intervention on eating behaviours and body composition among elite adolescent ballet students.","authors":"Dorothy Meyer, Marc Geifes, Hans Hauner","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001154","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary goal of this study was to assess whether a nutrition education programme had an effect on nutrition literacy and body composition of adolescents enrolled in an undergraduate ballet programme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>27 students, aged 15-18, volunteered and provided informed consent following ethics approval. The nutrition programme included two workshops and four cooking classes throughout the academic year, with an additional workshop for female students on low energy availability's effects on menstrual function. Each participant also attended two individual counselling sessions with a nutritionist to develop personalised nutrition goals. Data were collected at baseline, postintervention (9 months later) and follow-up (12 months from baseline). Eating attitudes and behaviours were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Adolescents (EDE-A), the Dance-specific Energy Availability Questionnaire and a survey developed by researchers. Body composition was measured using a body impedance analysis scale. Changes from baseline were analysed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students showed improvements in several aspects of eating self-efficacy and nutrition knowledge postintervention. Though no change in mean EDE-A scores were observed, fewer students reached clinically significant scores postintervention and at follow-up. Female participants showed significant increases in body mass index (BMI) (Z=-2.527, p=0.011) and lean body mass (Z=-3.102, p=0.002) postintervention, which persisted at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that a nutrition programme can lead to improvements in eating attitudes and behaviours among undergraduate ballet students, demonstrating its importance in dance education. In addition, positive changes in BMI and lean body mass of female students were observed. Ongoing research is needed to establish best practices in this population of adolescent dancers at increased risk of nutritional deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Users' Guides: an introduction to structured guides to evaluate the nutrition literature.","authors":"Bradley C Johnston, Mary Rozga, Gordon H Guyatt, Rosa K Hand, Deepa Handu, Kevin C Klatt, Malgorzata M Bala","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000832","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite evidence that nutrition can play a substantial role in curbing the burden of chronic disease, findings reported in the nutrition literature have been plagued with debate and uncertainty, including questions about the confidence we can place in evidence from observational studies, the validity of dietary intake data, and the applicability of randomised trials to real-world patients or members of the public. Structured nutrition users' guides (NUGs) to evaluate common research study designs (ie, randomised trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines) addressing nutrition questions will help clinicians and their patients, as well as health service workers and policy-makers, use the evidence to make more informed decisions on disease management and prevention. In addition, NUGs will provide comprehensive teaching materials for nutrition trainees on how to appraise, interpret and apply the research evidence. We hereby introduce a series of structured NUGs for the literature on nutrients, foods and dietary patterns and programmes. Each article will address three key components when assessing different study designs used to assess nutrition interventions or exposures, including (1) assessing the methodological quality of the study, (2) interpreting study results (magnitude and precision of treatment or exposure effects for outcomes of benefit and harm) and (3) applying the results to unique patient or population scenarios based on their health-related values and preferences related to the potential benefits, harms, convenience and cost of an intervention. This series of articles will serve to empower clinicians, health service workers and health policy-makers to better understand the validity, interpretability and applicability of the nutrition literature, while also helping practitioners and their clients make more evidence-based, value-sensitive and preference-sensitive nutrition decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms.","authors":"Gopal Nambi, Mshari Alghadier, Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed, Arul Vellaiyan, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Dena Eltabey Sobeh, Osama R Aldhafian, Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen, Hariraja Muthusamy, Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan, Naif Nwihadh Alshahrani, Alaa Jameel A Albarakati","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001076","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia has become a significant health issue, particularly as a common consequence of COVID-19 in older adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the clinical and psychological effects of integrated physical training with a high-protein diet compared with a regular protein diet in community-dwelling older men who had recovered from COVID-19 and exhibited symptoms of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-blinded, randomised, controlled study conducted from March 2020 to December 2023 at the University hospital. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomisation method. The first group underwent integrated physical training with a high-protein diet (group A; n=38), with an average age of 64.1±3.8 years, while the second group underwent integrated physical training with a regular protein diet (group B; n=38), with an average age of 64.5±3.6 years over an 8-week period. Clinical parameters (handgrip strength and muscle mass-cross-sectional area CSA) and psychological measures (kinesiophobia and quality of life) were assessed at baseline, the fourth week, the eighth week and at a 6-month follow-up. The data were analysed using a 4×2 mixed model for repeated measures at different time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic characteristics such as age, height, weight and body mass index did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). After the 8-week intervention and at the 6-month follow-up, handgrip strength decreased by -5.0 (95% CI -6.21 to -3.78), midthigh CSA decreased by -3.7 (95% CI -6.53 to -0.86), midcalf CSA decreased by -4.4 (95% CI -6.80 to -2.00), kinesiophobia level increased by 8.1 (95% CI 7.16 to 9.03) and quality of life decreased by -6.3 (95% CI -9.0 to -3.5). The findings indicated significantly greater improvement (p<0.001) in group A compared with group B, although there was no significant difference in muscle CSA in the arm region (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrated physical training with a high-protein diet led to improvements in clinical (muscle strength and muscle mass) and psychological (kinesiophobia and quality of life) parameters compared with integrated physical training with a regular protein diet in older men recovering from COVID-19 and displaying symptoms of sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital nudging intervention increases patients' healthy dietary choices: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Daan Leonhard de Frel, Veronica R Janssen, Hope Wicks, Zsuzsa Bakk, Nicole van Keulen, Maaike S Kleinsmann, Willem Jj Assendelft, Douwe Atsma","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001059","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Most hospitals still lag behind in their policies to stimulate healthier dietary choices by their patients. This study investigates whether a multicomponent nudging intervention, designed to prompt healthy food choices, can influence dietary choices of hospitalised patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pre-postintervention study included a baseline phase and an intervention phase (7+7 months) and was carried out at the cardiology ward of a large hospital. All 2419 cardiac patients admitted to the ward during this period, and their 7559 meals were part of this study. The nudging intervention consisted of choice architecture, visual cues and informational nudges (eg, traffic light menus, posters). Data on dietary choices (vegetarian, fish, meat, side salad and fruit salad) were collected from the electronic food ordering system. As a secondary outcome, the intention to eat healthy after discharge was measured using the 20-item long Dutch Dietary Intention Evaluation Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the intervention period, there was a statistically significant increase in the selection of vegetarian meals (20.1% vs 16.3%, p<0.001), fish meals (24.6% vs 18.7%, p<0.001), side salads (54.5% vs 49.5%, p<0.001) and fruit salads (12.8% vs 8.6%, p<0.001) when compared with the baseline period. In addition, patients in the intervention period expressed a significantly higher intention to eat healthy after discharge compared with the baseline period (β=0.167, SE=0.083, p=0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that a straightforward, easily implementable nudging intervention effectively promotes healthy dietary choices among in-hospital cardiac patients and enhances their intention to eat healthy after discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of serum choline, betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide with gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese pregnant women.","authors":"Gunjana Saikia, Xiaoxi Shen, Yuhong Liu, Kefeng Yang, Hui Wu, Lingpeng Lu, J Lauren Butler, Cassandra M Johnson, Geer Lou, Shiyin Wu, Meiqin Cai, Liang Wang, Jie Jia, Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001111","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mechanistic studies indicated beneficial effects of choline and betaine on glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. However, limited human studies explored the associations of biomarkers of choline and its related metabolites with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and results remained inconsistent. This study aimed to explore associations of serum choline, betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with GDM odds among Han Chinese women.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Pregnant women with singleton gestation were enrolled during GDM screening between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation at the Seventh People's Hospital in Shanghai, China. Women with GDM cases (n=173) and non-GDM controls (healthy women without pregnancy-related complications, n=158) were enrolled. Serum metabolites were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry method. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and their 95% CIs for the associations of these three metabolites with likelihood of GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the lowest tertile of serum choline and betaine, women in the highest tertile had a multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) for GDM odds of 0.55 (0.30, 1.00) and 0.55 (0.30, 1.00), respectively. No significant association was found between serum TMAO and GDM odds. In addition, the stratified analysis results showed that among women with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, there was a significant inverse association between serum betaine and GDM odds [OR (95% CI), 0.26 (0.13, 0.57)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum choline and betaine, but not TMAO, tend to be inversely associated with GDM odds among Han Chinese women with singleton gestation. Especially among those women with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, higher serum betaine was associated with lower GDM likelihood.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the role of family meals and social eating behaviour in relation to experiential avoidance in adolescents among Spanish adolescents? the EHDLA study.","authors":"José Adrián Montenegro-Espinosa, Estela Jiménez-López, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Rodrigo Yañéz-Sepúlveda, Daniel Duclos-Bastías, Arthur Eumann Mesas, José Francisco López-Gil","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001072","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the present study was to analyse the associations of family meals and social eating behaviour (SEB) with experiential avoidance (EA) in adolescents from Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 617 adolescents (aged 12-17 years, 56.7% females) from the Eating Habits and Daily Life Activities study from <i>Valle de Ricote</i> (Region of Murcia, Spain). Variables were analysed using visual techniques including Shapiro-Wilk test and density and quantile-quantile plots. Continuous data were displayed using medians and IQRs, while categorical data was shown as percentages. The frequency of family meals was assessed by asking participants to indicate how many times their family had shared a meal together during the previous week. SEB was self-reported by the adolescents through responses to three statements. To measure EA, we used the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Generalised linear models were employed to ascertain the associations of family meals or SEB with EA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For each further point in SEB, a lower estimated marginal mean (M) of the AAQ-II was observed (-0.86 points, 95% CI -1.39 to -0.33, p=0.001). In terms of family meal status, the highest AAQ-II score was found in those with low family meal status (M=20.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.1 to 22.2), followed by participants with medium family meal status (M=19.2, 95% CI 17.0 to 21.4) and those with high family meal status (M=18.8, 95% CI 16.1 to 21.0). Significant differences were observed between participants with high SEB status and their counterparts with medium SEB (p=0.004) or low SEB (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research revealed a significant relationship between SEB and EA and a non-significant relationship between the frequency of family meals and EA. Promoting positive social eating environments and increasing family meal participation could help reduce the prevalence of EA and its negative consequences in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlap between ultra-processed food and food that is high in fat, salt or sugar: analysis of 11 annual waves of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008/2009-2018/2019.","authors":"Viktorija Kesaite, Yanaina Chavez-Ugalde, Martin White, Jean Adams","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001035","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While many countries use guidance and policies based on nutrients and food groups to support citizens to consume healthy diets, fewer have explicitly adopted the concept of ultra-processed foods (UPF). UPF consumption is associated with many adverse health outcomes in cohort studies. In the UK, a nutrient profiling model (NPM) is used to identify foods high in fat, salt or sugar (HFSS) and several policies target these. It is not known how well the NPM also captures UPF. We aimed to quantify the proportion of food and drink items consumed in the UK that are HFSS, UPF, both or neither and describe the food groups making the largest contributions to each category. We analysed data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, between 2008/2009 and 2018/2019, using descriptive statistics. We used three metrics of food consumption: all foods, percentage of energy in all foods (reflecting that different foods are consumed in different portion sizes and are of different energy densities) and percentage of food weight in all foods (reflecting that some UPFs have few calories but are consumed in large volumes). We found that 33.4% of foods, 47.4% of energy and 16.0% of food weight were HFSS; 36.2%, 59.8% and 32.9%, respectively, were UPFs; 20.1%, 35.1% and 12.6% were both and 50.5%, 27.9% and 63.7% were neither. In total, 55.6% of UPF foods, 58.7% of energy from UPFs and 38.3% of food weight from UPF consumed were also HFSS. The most common food groups contributing to foods that were UPF but not HFSS were low-calorie soft drinks and white bread. The UK NPM captures at best just over half of UPFs consumed in the UK. Expanding the NPM to include ingredients common in UPFs (eg, non-nutritive sweeteners, emulsifiers) would capture a larger percentage of UPFs and could incentivise 'deformulation' of UPF products.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of nutrition competencies among healthcare professionals and medical students in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Umit Sarybay, Samal Kabibolla, Gulnoza Adilmetova, Ruslan Nassyrov, Aizhan Meyerbekova, Antonio Sarría-Santamera, Kuanysh A Yergaliyev, Mei-Yen Chan","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000972","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutrition is a critical component of healthcare, with healthcare professionals playing a pivotal role in encouraging proper nutrition care among patients. Consequently, it is imperative for all healthcare professionals to have proficiency in nutrition relevant to the prevention and treatment of diseases. This study, to the best of the author's knowledge, is the first study to examine the current level of nutrition competencies among health professionals and medical students in Kazakhstan, as well as the factors influencing these competencies. The findings may potentially help to inform future clinical nutrition educational strategies and improve health outcomes in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study surveyed 200 healthcare professionals in Kazakhstan via a 17-item questionnaire adapted from the NUTrition COMPetence tool, which assesses the self-perceived competence of primary health professionals in providing nutrition care, particularly for patients with chronic diseases. It measures several dimensions of competence, including confidence in nutrition knowledge, skills and counselling, and has established reliability and validity. Recruitment was conducted using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis to identify significant associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most healthcare professionals self-reported their nutrition knowledge as 'average' (52.7%) or 'good' (29.5%). Although 40.2% felt 'somewhat confident' and 27.6% felt 'very confident' in applying this knowledge clinically, half indicated they 'rarely' provide nutrition care. Additionally, the current study found that nutrition education received before entering practice was strongly linked to participants' current level of nutrition knowledge (p=0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The gap between self-reported knowledge and practical application suggests barriers to integrating clinical nutrition education into practice. The quality of nutrition education received during medical training is crucial for shaping current competencies, highlighting the necessity for improved nutrition education in healthcare training programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect on human strength and endurance after resistance training and supplementation of Vicia faba protein hydrolysate compared with placebo.","authors":"Niamh Máire Mohan, Nora Khaldi, Brian Keogh, Andy Franklyn Miller","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001050","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effects of a <i>Vicia faba</i> protein hydrolysate (VFH) on muscular strength and endurance when combined with resistance training for 56 days compared with exercise alone in a mixed population.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>72 healthy men and women aged 19-40, stratified in a 1:1 ratio by gender. Participants were excluded if they performed >3 hours of resistance training per week in the 6 months prior.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Ontario, Canada. Study performed by KGK Science from August 2023 to January 2024.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>VFH or silica microcrystalline cellulose is given in five capsules daily for 56 days.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Primary outcome: Leg strength <i>via</i> one-repetition maximum for bilateral leg extension. Secondary outcomes: Muscular endurance <i>via</i> repetitions to exhaustion, body composition <i>via</i> dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, plasma biomarkers <i>via</i> ELISA, quality of life <i>via</i> short form survey (SF-36) questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intergroup analysis revealed a significantly greater increase in leg strength compared with placebo at day 28 (p=0.045) and 56 (p=0.05), respectively. Significantly enhanced muscular endurance was also observed from days 0 to 56 with a difference of 2.2 times in the change in repetitions performed from baseline (p=0.022) and a 21.6% increase compared with the placebo. Significant changes in bone mineral content were reported between groups (p=0.032) with a mean increase of 0.7% gained in the VFH group. The improvements in performance were supported by myokine analysis where VFH was shown to modulate a range of biomarkers associated with glucose homeostasis, bone formation, mitochondrial and metabolic function. Quantitative physical strength gains were consistent with qualitative data which showed significantly improved changes in self-assessed health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VFH supplementation demonstrated significant improvements in muscular strength, endurance and bone mineral content when compared with placebo. These low-dose, peptide-induced improvements enhance the effects of exercise for musculoskeletal health and have the potential to influence all-cause mortality <i>via</i> muscular strength.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT05946746.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}