BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Worldwide and time trends in sodium and potassium intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Magali Rios-Leyvraz, Mathieu Jendly, Natalia Ortega, Bruno R da Costa, Arnaud Chiolero","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001016","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High sodium (Na) and low potassium (K) intakes in childhood have health effects across the life course. The objective was to estimate global, regional and national Na and K intakes in children since 1990.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies measuring Na or K intake in children aged 0-18 years of age since 1990 was conducted. Random effects multilevel meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to investigate age and time trends, country and regional differences, and to derive a worldwide average intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 259 studies with 520 630 children aged 0-18 years of age (mean 9.7 years) conducted between 1990 and 2021 in 79 different countries (mostly high-income countries) were included. The pooled Na and K intakes were 2.5 g/d (95% CI 2.4, 2.6) and 2.0 g/d (95% CI 1.9, 2.1), respectively. An estimated 73% of children had high Na intake (≥2 g/d/2000 kcal) and 89% had low K intake (<3.5 g/d/2000 kcal). Na intake was the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa and the highest in North Africa and the Middle East. K intake was the lowest in South Asia and the highest in Central-Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Na and K intakes tended to decrease slightly linearly between 1990 and 2021 and increased logarithmically with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Globally, children's Na intake was too high, while K intake was too low. Data were lacking in many countries. Interventions are needed to reduce Na and increase K from childhood, and monitoring should be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelations of vitamin D status with adiposity and muscle mass in adult women.","authors":"Rula Amr","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000983","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common among women, particularly those with central adiposity. This study examines the predictors of vitamin D levels, focusing on age, adiposity and muscle composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 397 women aged 18-59 years in Jordan. Vitamin D levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Anthropometric and body composition metrics, including fat-free mass index, conicity index, body mass index (BMI) adjusted skeletal muscle mass index (SMI BMI) and central adiposity measures (waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), were analysed. Statistical analyses included χ² tests, t-tests and multivariable Lasso regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age was the strongest predictor of vitamin D levels, with older women exhibiting higher mean concentrations (42.80±11.01 years in the adequate group vs 36.45±11.22 years in the inadequate group; p<0.001). Central adiposity measures were significantly associated with vitamin D adequacy: WC<88 cm (73.8% vs 5.0%, p<0.001) and WHR<0.85 (20.3% vs 9.1%, p=0.001). Generalised adiposity measures, including BMI, were not significant in univariate analysis (p=0.668), but BMI was a negative predictor in Lasso regression (β=-1.078, 95% CI -1.400 to -0.756). SMI BMI showed a borderline negative association (p=0.054).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age and central adiposity are the key predictors of vitamin D levels, emphasising the importance of fat distribution over generalised measures. Public health strategies should target central adiposity and muscle health, especially in younger women at risk of VDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of glycaemic index of selected rice landraces of Nepal using INFOGEST model.","authors":"Sakul Rai, Dambar Bahadur Khadka, Atul Upadhyay, Basanta Kumar Rai","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001101","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current investigation was carried out to crudely assess and characterise the starch hydrolysis parameters and determine the estimated glycaemic index (eGI) of the selected rice landraces of Nepal (ie, <i>Anadi</i> white (Aw), <i>Bhotange</i> white (Bw) and <i>Kalo Nuniya</i> white (Kw)).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>INFOGEST harmonised in vitro protocol using pancreatic amylase instead of pancreatin for the intestinal phase was used to estimate the glycaemic index and starch digestibility parameters of the selected rice landraces of Nepal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed rice landraces with similar starch contents had significantly different (p<0.05) in vitro starch digestibility parameters, that is, hydrolysis index, eGI, rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch and total hydrolysed starch with Bw showing the lowest eGI of 51.77±2.48 followed by Kw with eGI of 55.35±1.05 and Aw showing the highest eGI of 60.60±1.03.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>None of the landraces fell under the high GI class (>70). B_w fell under the low GI class (<55). This study offers novel qualitative and quantitative insights into the digestive fate of Nepalese rice landraces, providing a foundation for creating rice-based recipes with a lower GI and sheds light on their nutritional value, providing a foundation for further research into their metabolic benefits. It also advocates for integrating these lesser-known landraces into global efforts to address diet-related diseases, enhancing the nexus of agriculture, nutrition, and public health. Using in vitro enzymatic methods provides an efficient means of assessing the GI of food products, offering valuable insights into their potential impact on postprandial blood glucose levels. However, the heterogeneity in the application of in vitro methods for starch digestion makes comparing the results difficult. The current study is preliminary, and further research using standardised methods such as INFOGEST is warranted to validate these findings and expand our knowledge of the glycaemic properties of rice landraces through more interlaboratory findings and clinical trials involving human subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coeliac disease and microbiota: is it time for personalised biotics intervention? A scoping review.","authors":"Francesco Valitutti, Elena Cavalli, Beatrice Leter, Maureen Leonard, Fasano Alessio, Salvatore Cucchiara","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001100","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rational: </strong>A true increase in prevalence of coeliac disease (CeD) has been witnessed worldwide. This 'on-the-rise' epidemiological trend for CeD is shared with other immune-mediated disorders and could be due to environment-driven gut microbiota perturbances.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To summarise recent evidence regarding possible relationships between microbiota disturbances and CeD onset, with a specific focus on pathogenesis and possible biotic-based therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was launched on 20 August 2024 using Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus using keywords as follows: celiac disease AND microbiota; celiac disease AND microbiome; celiac disease AND prebiotics; celiac disease AND probiotics; celiac disease AND symbiotics; celiac disease AND postbiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1779 articles were retrieved from two authors' blinded search, of which 1297 were duplicates. 206 articles were excluded by abstract as they were commentaries, letters, case series. A final set of 276 articles was suitable for the scope of our review and, after carefully reading the full-text articles, only 131 were considered valuable for the review and included as references for the review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While there is extensive literature on microbiota alterations and CeD, lack of clarity remains regarding whether the changes observed in the microbiota of individuals with CeD are effects of the condition or if and how they play a role in its onset. Limited evidence points towards the utility of specific probiotic strains to reduce symptoms, decrease inflammation, support growth in children and overall enhance recovery in CeD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists induce loss of lean mass: so does caloric restriction.","authors":"Gabriele Mocciaro, Angelo Capodici, Ramona De Amicis","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001206","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2025-001206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improbable data characteristics and extreme effects of apple cider vinegar on weight loss.","authors":"Vahid Malbouby, Eric T Trexler, James Heathers","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000997","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of zinc on wound healing.","authors":"Elena Arribas Lopez, Nazanin Zand, Omorogieva Ojo, Tony Kochhar","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000952","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In times of metabolic stress, the demand for nutrients increases, which is essential to prevent delayed healing and development of chronic wounds. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of zinc treatment on wound healing. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and included data from four electronic data bases. Five clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis suggested that zinc treatment may be associated with improvements in ulcers healing at the final endpoint MD: 1.41 (95% CI 1.04, 1.92, p = 0.03). Given the limitations of the included studies, a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment indicated a moderate quality of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-based violence and child nutrition in fragile settings: exploring intersections and opportunities for evidence generation.","authors":"Sarah R Meyer, Luissa Vahedi, Silvia Bhatt Carreno, Elisabeth Roesch, Christine Heckman, Andrew Beckingham, Megan Gayford, Manuela Orjuela-Grimm","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000682","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender-based violence (GBV) is disproportionately perpetrated against women and girls, due to harmful gender and social norms, structural gender-based power inequalities and pervasive discrimination against women and girls globally. In settings of fragility (eg, weak governance and humanitarian emergencies), risk factors for GBV are exacerbated while protective factors are eroded. Adequate nutrition is critical for mental and physical health and ensuring adequate nutrition for children in fragile settings is particularly critical. Fragile settings include heightened risk for GBV and malnutrition, but the combined impact of these two health contributors has rarely been examined together. Based on a rapid evidence assessment, we present evidence for associations between GBV against women and girls and child nutrition outcomes, identifying gaps in the evidence base and discussing key conceptual and methodological issues concerning research on this intersection. Improved understanding of the intersections between GBV and nutrition outcomes can help further highlight the linkages between these two public health issues and help inform programming and policy in both sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of micronutrient deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Daya Krishan Mangal, Nida Shaikh, Himanshu Tolani, Diksha Gautam, Anuj Kumar Pandey, Yeshwanth Sonnathi, Shiv Dutt Gupta, Sanjay Kalra, Kamlesh Chand Sharma, Jagdish Prasad, Rajeev Tewari, Fahmina Anwar","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000950","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Micronutrient deficiencies are a significant issue worldwide, particularly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. These deficiencies can impact glucose metabolism and insulin signalling pathways, potentially leading to the beginning and advancement of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study is a comprehensive assessment of the burden of multiple micronutrient deficiencies among T2D patients. The aim of the study is to resolve conflicting evidence from previous studies that mainly focused on one specific micronutrient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. This comprehensive literature search explored Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, LILACS and the grey literature, and studies that met the inclusion criteria. A pre-piloted data extraction sheet was used to extract data for relevant study outcomes and characteristics. Results were produced by R V.4.3.2 (R Core Team 2023 using general packages such as tidyverse, and specific packages such as meta and metafor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 132 studies with 52 501 participants. The pooled prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiency (vitamins, minerals and electrolytes) was 45.30% (95% CI 40.35% to 50.30%) among T2D patients. The pooled prevalence (48.62%, 95% CI 42.55 to 54.70) was higher in women with T2D than in men. Vitamin D was the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency (60.45%, 95% CI 55% to 65%), followed by magnesium (41.95%, 95% CI 27% to 56%). B12 deficiency (28.72%, 95% CI 21.08% to 36.37%) was higher in the metformin consuming group. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiency varied across WHO regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Micronutrient deficiencies were common in T2D patients, the most common being vitamin D deficiency. Women were more likely to be affected by micronutrient deficiency than men. These studies were hospital based and the findings of this systematic review may be used with caution due to inherent selection bias. Diversity of foods, lifestyle choices and cultural practices may contribute to geographic variations in micronutrient deficiency.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42023439780.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e000950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can carbonated water support weight loss?","authors":"Akira Takahashi","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001108","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjnph-2024-001108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbonated water has been reported to induce satiety, gastric motility and lower serum glucose concentrations, but the mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report explores the physiological effects of carbonated water, referencing a study published in 2004 on the mechanisms of hypoglycaemia induced by haemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon consumption of carbonated water, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is absorbed into the bloodstream, and converted into bicarbonate by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes. This process increases intracellular pH, stimulating anaerobic glycolysis in erythrocytes and leading to higher glucose utilisation. A comparison is drawn with haemodialysis, where CO₂ absorption by the blood similarly enhances glucose metabolism. During haemodialysis, blood glucose levels decrease from an average of 118.3 mg/dL before entering the dialyser to 98.6 mg/dL after passing through, despite the glucose concentration in the dialysate being approximately 105.0 mg/dL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CO₂ in carbonated water may promote weight loss by enhancing glucose uptake and metabolism in red blood cells. However, the amount is so small that it is difficult to expect weight loss effects solely from the CO₂ in carbonated water. Drinking carbonated water may also affect blood glucose measurements. Further studies are needed to explore its long-term effects and potential side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"e001108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}