BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health最新文献

{"title":"Influence of care group participation on infant and young child feeding, dietary diversity, WASH behaviours and nutrition outcomes in rural Zimbabwe","authors":"Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo, Faith Kamazizwa, Tafadzwa Mavhudzi, Starlet Makota, Blessing Kamunda, Calvin Matsinde, Dexter Chagwena, Kudzai Mukudoka, Prosper Chopera","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000627","url":null,"abstract":"Background The care group approach (CGA) is a community-based nutrition behaviour change strategy centred on ‘peer-to-peer learning’ through women support groups. Objective To assess the impact of the CGA on the adoption of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF), dietary diversity and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, and associated nutrition-related outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study used a mixed-method approach in selected rural districts in Zimbabwe in June 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on IYCF, diet quality, WASH and child morbidity. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure and outcome. Significance was at p<0.05. Results A total of 127 exposed and 234 controls were enrolled. There was no significant difference between exposed and controls on the prevalence of; diarrhoea (p = 0.659), cough (p=0.191) and fever (p=0.916). No significant difference was observed in the proportion ever breastfed (p=0.609), Children with Adequate Dietary Diversity Score (p=0.606) across the two groups. However, the proportion of families with adequate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) (p=0.005) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) (p=0.009) were significantly higher in exposed than controls. Knowledge on all promoted behaviours was significantly higher in the exposed than in controls with the exception of exclusive breast feeding. While the practices were significantly higher in exposed compared with controls for: ‘Appropriate complementary feeding for children aged 6–24 months’ (p=0.001), ‘good nutrition for women of reproductive age’ (p=0.001), ‘production and consumption of diverse nutritious food’ (p=0.001) and ‘production and consumption of biofortified crops’ (p=0.001). Conclusions The results showed that CGA potential to increase knowledge and achieve nutrition and health-related behaviour change in low-income settings if integrated into existing community programmes. Interestingly, HDDS and MDD-W were significantly higher in exposed than controls. However, more research is required to obtain conclusive results.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurable and immeasurable spread of knowledge for research impact: a reflection on the validated NutComp tool","authors":"Lauren Ball, Breanna Lepre, Clare Van Dorssen","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000723","url":null,"abstract":"Background Contemporary research now includes effort to generate impact beyond the creation of new knowledge. Methods This report provides an illustrative case study of tactful research planning and dissemination for impact and provides an emerging pathway for others to holistically track reach, spread and uptake, to create a nuanced impact narrative. Results Nutrition Competence Tool (NutComp) is a validated tool that assesses the self-perceived competence of health professionals in providing nutrition care. Since open-access publication in 2015, it has been used by researchers and health professionals in 28 countries across 6 continents. The reach, spread, uptake and impact of NutComp are summarised, including indicators to support impact tracking for knowledge. Conclusion Given the complex phenomenon of research impact, careful planning is required to capture and attribute research impact.","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D₃ supplementation in older adults with vitamin D deficiency in Ireland.","authors":"Laurence Francis Lacey,&nbsp;David J Armstrong,&nbsp;Emily Royle,&nbsp;Pamela Magee,&nbsp;L Kirsty Pourshahidi,&nbsp;Sumantra Ray,&nbsp;J J Strain,&nbsp;Emeir McSorley","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of vitamin D₃ supplementation in older adults in Ireland, with year-round vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <30 nmol/L) (13% of Irish adults), from the perspective of the Health Service Executive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three age groups were investigated: (1) ≥50 years, (2) ≥60 years and (3) ≥70 years. Based on the clinical literature, vitamin D₃ supplementation may: (1) decrease all-cause mortality by 7% and (2) reduce hip fractures by 16% and non-hip fractures by 20%. A discount rate of 4% was applied to life years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and healthcare costs. The annual healthcare costs per patient used in the model are based on the average annual health resource use over the 5-year time horizon of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cost/QALY estimates in all three age groups are below the usually acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold of €20 000/QALY. The most cost-effective and least costly intervention was in adults ≥70 years. For this age group, the average annual costs and outcomes would be approximately €5.6 million, 1044 QALYs gained, with a cost/QALY of approximately €5400. The results are most sensitive to the mortality risk reduction following vitamin D₃ supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cost-effectiveness of vitamin D₃ supplementation is most robust in adults ≥70 years. Clinical uncertainty in the magnitude of the benefits of vitamin D₃ supplementation could be further addressed by means of: (1) performing a clinical research study or (2) conducting a pilot/regional study, prior to reaching a decision to invest in a nationwide programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/bc/bmjnph-2021-000382.PMC9237877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, body weight and the neighbourhood: food system dimensions and consumption associated with changes in body weight of Peruvian adults during first wave lockdowns.","authors":"Violeta Magdalena Rojas Huayta,&nbsp;Rocio Galvez-Davila,&nbsp;Oscar Calvo-Torres,&nbsp;Vanessa Cardozo Alarcón,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Aparco,&nbsp;Jack Roberto Silva Fhon,&nbsp;Bill Estrada-Acero,&nbsp;Carlos Jaimes-Velásquez,&nbsp;Bernardo Céspedes-Panduro,&nbsp;Sissy Espinoza-Bernardo,&nbsp;Gandy Dolores-Maldonado,&nbsp;Rofilia Ramírez Ramírez,&nbsp;Mariano Gallo Ruelas,&nbsp;Irene Arteaga-Romero,&nbsp;Ana Maria Higa","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to assess changes in the dimensions of the food system and consumption associated with body weight variations during the first month's lockdown in Peruvian adults in Metropolitan Lima.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study conducted during the first months of lockdowns in Peru. 694 adults completed a web-based survey about changes experienced in the process of acquiring food during lockdown, changes in their intake and self-perceived body weight. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with changes in body weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weight gain was perceived in 38% of the participants and 22.8% perceived weight loss. 39.2% did not perceive changes in their weight. Risk factors for body weight gain were increased alcohol consumption (OR=4.510, 95% CI 1.764 to 11.531) and decreased fruit consumption (OR=2.129, 95% CI 1.290 to 3.515), while decreasing cereal intake (OR=0.498, 95% CI 0.269 to 0.922) and choosing nutritious food as a driver for purchase (OR=0.512, 95% CI 0.320 to 0.821) were found to be protective against gaining weight. Decreasing food intake during the pandemic (OR=2.188, 95% CI 1.348 to 3.550) and having to miss important foods (OR=2.354, 95% CI 1.393 to 3.978), were associated with weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During confinement, weight gain was mostly associated with food consumption and personal food system factors. Meanwhile, weight loss was associated with external food system factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/aa/bmjnph-2021-000416.PMC9108435.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40582281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body weight, diabetes incidence vascular events and survival 15 years after very low calorie diet in community medical clinics in the UK.","authors":"Richard Paisey,&nbsp;Charles Daniels,&nbsp;Will Howitt,&nbsp;Derek Greatorex,&nbsp;Claire Campbell,&nbsp;Christopher Paisey,&nbsp;Rosamund Paisey,&nbsp;Julie Frost,&nbsp;Robert Bromige","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess weight loss maintenance, diabetes status, mortality and morbidity 15 years after a very low calorie diet programme (VLCD) in patients with obesity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>General practice data bases were interrogated for subjects coded for group therapy with VLCD in the 1990s. Causes of death, occurrence of vascular disease and remission or development of diabetes were ascertained from patient records and national stroke and cardiovascular disease data bases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>325 subjects engaged in the programme and had sufficient data for analysis. Baseline characteristics were: age 47.8±12. 8 years; body mass index (BMI) 36.1±6.8 kg/m²; 79.1% female/20.9% male; 13.5% had type 2 diabetes. After 15±4 years weight had changed from 97.9±19 kg at baseline to 100±20.8 kg. 10 with diabetes at baseline were in remission at 3 months, but only two remained in remission at 5 years. 50 new cases of type 2 diabetes and 11 of impaired fasting glucose developed during follow-up. Only 5.9% who remained healthy at follow-up had maintained >10% body weight reduction. Neither diabetes incidence nor diabetes free survival were related to percentage body weight lost during VLCD. Only baseline BMI was related to development of new impaired fasting glucose or diabetes by 15 years (p=0.007). 37 subjects had a cardiovascular event. Age (p=0.000002) and degree of weight loss after VLCD (p=0.03) were significantly associated with subsequent vascular events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term maintenance of weight loss after VLCD was rare in this single centre retrospective study 15 years later. Glucose intolerance developed in 21.4%. Lasting remission of type 2 diabetes or prevention of later glucose intolerance were not achieved. Vascular events were more frequent in those who lost most weight. Risk management during weight regain should be studied in future to assess potential for reduction in adverse cardiovascular outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/3a/bmjnph-2021-000363.PMC9237870.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40592936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap between science and society: long-term effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on weight and the metabolic risk profile: a controlled study.","authors":"Corinna Anand,&nbsp;Ragna-Marie Kranz,&nbsp;Sarah Husain,&nbsp;Christian Koeder,&nbsp;Nora Schoch,&nbsp;Dima-Karam Alzughayyar,&nbsp;Reinhold Gellner,&nbsp;Karin Hengst,&nbsp;Heike Englert","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential of adopting a healthy lifestyle to fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is not fully used. We hypothesised that the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) reduces weight and other risk markers compared with baseline and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24-month, non-randomised, controlled intervention trial. Intervention: intensive 8-week phase with seminars, workshops and coaching focusing on a healthy lifestyle (eg, plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management) and group support followed by a 22-month alumni phase. Weight reduction as the primary outcome and other NCD risk parameters were assessed at six time points. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>143 participants (58±12 years, 71% female) were enrolled (91 in the intervention (IG) and 52 in the control group (CG)). Groups' baseline characteristics were comparable, except participants of IG were younger, more often females, overweight and reported lower energy intake (kcal/day). Weight significantly decreased in IG at all follow-ups by -1.5 ± 1.9 kg after 8 weeks to -1.9 ± 4.0 kg after 24 months and more than in CG (except after 24 months). Being male, in the IG or overweight at baseline and having a university degree predicted more weight loss. After the intervention, there were more participants in the IG with a 'high' adherence (+12%) to plant-based food patterns. The change of other risk parameters was most distinct after 8 weeks and in people at elevated risk. Diabetes-related risk parameters did not improve.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HLCP was able to reduce weight and to improve aspects of the NCD risk profile. Weight loss in the IG was moderate but maintained for 24 months. Participants of lower educational status might benefit from even more practical units. Future interventions should aim to include more participants at higher risk.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>DRKS00018821.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/c6/bmjnph-2021-000340.PMC9237906.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential effect of real-world junk food and sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on population health, health system costs and greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand: a modelling study.","authors":"Leah Grout,&nbsp;Anja Mizdrak,&nbsp;Nhung Nghiem,&nbsp;Amanda C Jones,&nbsp;Tony Blakely,&nbsp;Cliona Ni Mhurchu,&nbsp;Christine Cleghorn","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor diet is a major risk factor for excess weight gain and obesity-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis and several cancers. This paper aims to assess the potential impacts of real-world food and beverage taxes on change in dietary risk factors, health gains (in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)), health system costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as if they had all been implemented in New Zealand (NZ). Ten taxes or tax packages were modelled. A proportional multistate life table model was used to predict resultant QALYs and costs over the remaining lifespan of the NZ population alive in 2011, as well as GHG emissions. QALYs ranged from 12.5 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 10.2 to 15.0; 3% discount rate) per 1000 population for the import tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in Palau to 143 (95% UI 118 to 171) per 1000 population for the excise duties on saturated fat, chocolate and sweets in Denmark, while health expenditure savings ranged from 2011 NZ$245 (95% UI 188 to 310; 2020 US$185) per capita to NZ$2770 (95% UI 2140 to 3480; US$2100) per capita, respectively. The modelled taxes resulted in decreases in GHG emissions from baseline diets, ranging from -0.2% for the tax on SSB in Barbados to -2.8% for Denmark's tax package. There is strong evidence for the implementation of food and beverage tax packages in NZ or similar high-income settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7c/e4/bmjnph-2021-000376.PMC9237873.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40579823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity and men's perpetration of partner violence in a longitudinal cohort in South Africa.","authors":"Abigail M Hatcher,&nbsp;Torsten B Neilands,&nbsp;Dumisani Rebombo,&nbsp;Sheri D Weiser,&nbsp;Nicola J Christofides","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although food insecurity has been associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), few studies examine it longitudinally or among male perpetrators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used secondary data from a trial that followed 2479 men in a peri-urban settlement in South Africa (February 2016-August 2018). Men self-completed questionnaires at baseline (T0), 12 months (T1) and 24 months (T2) on food security, household type, relationship status, childhood abuse exposure, alcohol use, and perpetration of physical and/or sexual IPV. Cross-lagged dynamic panel modelling examines the strength and direction of associations over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, rates of IPV perpetration (52.0%) and food insecurity (65.5%) were high. Food insecure men had significantly higher odds of IPV perpetration at T0, T1 and T2 (ORs of 1.9, 1.4 and 1.4, respectively). In longitudinal models, food insecurity predicted men's IPV perpetration 1 year later. The model had excellent fit after controlling for housing, relationship status, age, childhood abuse and potential effect of IPV on later food insecurity (standardised coefficient=0.09, p=0.031. root mean squared error of approximation=0.016, comparative fit index=0.994). IPV perpetration did not predict later food security (p=0.276).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Food insecurity had an independent, longitudinal association with men's IPV perpetration in a peri-urban South African settlement. These findings suggest food security could be a modifiable risk factor of partner violence.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT02823288.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9237862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40582282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overweight and obesity as risk factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalisations and death: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wendemi Sawadogo,&nbsp;Medhin Tsegaye,&nbsp;Andinet Gizaw,&nbsp;Tilahun Adera","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify the current weight of evidence of the association between overweight and obesity as risk factors for COVID-19-related hospitalisations (including hospital admission, intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation) and death, and to assess the magnitude of the association and the potential dose-response relationships.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Sciences, WHO COVID-19 database and Google Scholar were used to identify articles published up to 20 July 2021. Peer-reviewed studies reporting adjusted estimates of the association between overweight or obesity and COVID-19 outcomes were included. Three authors reviewed the articles and agreed. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the combined effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 208 studies with 3 550 997 participants from over 32 countries were included in this meta-analysis. Being overweight was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisations (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.28, n=21 studies), but not death (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.13, n=21). However, patients with obesity were at increased risk of both COVID-19-related hospitalisations (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.62 to 1.84, n=58) and death (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.32, n=77). Similarly, patients with extreme obesity were at increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisations (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.84, n=12) and death (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.00, n=19). There was a linear dose-response relationship between these obesity categories and COVID-19 outcomes, but the strength of the association has decreased over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Being overweight increases the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisations but not death, while obesity and extreme obesity increase the risk of both COVID-19-related hospitalisations and death. These findings suggest that prompt access to COVID-19 care, prioritisation for COVID-19 vaccination and other preventive measures are warranted for this vulnerable group.</p>","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/4e/bmjnph-2021-000375.PMC8783972.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40592934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serious vitamin D deficiency in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Takanori Funaki,&nbsp;Makiko Sanpei,&nbsp;Naho Morisaki,&nbsp;Tetsuya Mizoue,&nbsp;Koushi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000364","url":null,"abstract":"Several reports suggest that vitamin D (VitD) deficiency could increase the predisposition to systemic infection, including respiratory tract infections and impaired immune response. A recent metaanalysis demonstrated that VitD supplementation can reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections overall based on data from randomised controlled trials. Moreover, an article reported a possible association of VitD level with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in elderly patients with COVID19. It supported the potential protective impact of VitD by enhancing the immune system and possibly reducing the risk of complications associated with cytokine storm and unregulated inflammation in patients with severe COVID19. VitD is a lipidsoluble vitamin that acts as a ligand to the intranuclear receptor superfamily and plays a significant role in regulating between innate and acquired immunity. 25Hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) is the major circulating form of VitD in humans and currently accepted as the best marker of VitD status. To date, there are only a few reports focusing on nutritional status including 25(OH)D in healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID19 pandemic. During the COVID19 pandemic, we conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate several blood markers in HCWs at high risk of SARSCoV2 infection at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Tokyo, Japan. Blood sampling was performed from the enrolled participants from 1 March 2021 to 5 March 2021, and all clinical laboratory testing of the blood including VitD, zinc and natural killer (NK) cell activity were examined at the SRL Hachioji Laboratory Complex, in Tokyo, Japan. 25(OH)D was measured using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, and serum zinc level was determined using the colorimetric method. Also, chromium51 release assay was used to assess the NK cell activity. We analysed the relationship between gender and VitD levels using the Fisher’s exact test. In addition, the correlationship between VitD levels and age was Letter","PeriodicalId":36307,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health","volume":" ","pages":"134-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/16/bmjnph-2021-000364.PMC9237899.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40579822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}